When Galaxies Collide... - Professor Carolin Crawford
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- čas přidán 2. 07. 2024
- There is a whole Universe of different shapes, sizes and colours of galaxies. We shall look at some of the 'ordinary' galaxies and then move on to consider the more peculiar systems, discussing quite how and why they came to morph into such strange shapes.
Outreach Officer at the Institute of Astronomy and Fellow of Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge, and Gresham Professor of Astronomy (2011-2015), Carolin Crawford is one of Britain's foremost science communicators.
After receiving her PhD from Newnham College, Cambridge, Professor Crawford went on to a series of fellowships from Balliol College, Oxford, Trinity Hall, Cambridge and the Royal Society. In 2004 she was appointed as a Fellow and College Lecturer at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where she is now also the undergraduate Admissions Tutor for the Physical Sciences. Since 2005 she has combined her college role with that of Outreach Officer at the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge.
Professor Crawford’s primary research interests are in combining X-ray, optical and near-infrared observations to study the physical processes occurring around massive galaxies at the core of clusters of galaxies. In particular, she observes the complex interplay between the hot intra-cluster medium, filaments of warm ionised gas, cold molecular clouds, star formation and the radio plasma flowing out from the central supermassive black hole.
In 2009 Professor Crawford’s outstanding abilities at science communication were recognised by a Women of Outstanding Achievement Award by the UK Resource Centre for Women in Science, Engineering and Technology, presented for “communication of science with a contribution to society.”
Appointed as the 36th Gresham Professor of Astronomy in 2011, Professor Crawford delivered a series of free public lectures where she carried out her intention “to showcase the very latest developments and ideas in astronomy and cosmology, whilst putting them into the context of the process of scientific discovery.”
When Galaxies Collide... with Professor Carolin Crawford was recorded live on 17 April 2013
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and...
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently nearly 1,500 lectures free to access or download from the website.
Website: www.gresham.ac.uk
Twitter: / greshamcollege
Facebook: / 14011689941
I love listening to this lady!!! She such an excellent speaker ,!
Glad you liked the lectures. Professor Crawford is going to be doing more lectures this year, and she will be starting with a Lecture on Mars today (25/09). We hope to have online before the end of the week.
Great lecture, Professor Crawford is a joy to listen to.
Amazing presentation, thank you very much for sharing lectures for free.
I heard Edwin Hubble speak in 1963. He said that the universe is an immense "ocean of space". Then he hesitated, adding, "Oh, what an OCEAN!"
We understand your frustration, Adam.
The quality has improved over the past year, but not enough. We are working on improving the quality of our videos now, the results of which we hope to begin to appear within the next couple of months. The videos should then be available in the quality that they certainly deserve.
Great video... Thank you for sharing.... Amazing stuff.
That's great!
agree!
It's kind of like when two tops are spinning and come torward each other. Then bounce off of each other then come back together to form a new galaxie. Neat and scary.
Absolutely facinating! =]
Not
Fantastic!
The scariest thing I find are some of the dumbest comments I see after watching this video. WOW! Amazing that we are still around. I however admire the intelligent folks on this planet that have to put up with such embarrassing stupidity.
I'm not really religious, but this passage from the bible has kind of become my motto. Proverbs 29:11 a fool gives full vent to his spirit, but the wise calmly holds it back. Seems appropriate
Another fantastic talk from the prof... love her expertise in talking dirty......clouds of gas n dust...
Interesting the lack of small merger structures in observations. Will need to keep an eye out for new data on that.
Love this! you guys should update video to HQ
Adony Francisco
so awesome!!!!😣😮
knowledge is power !
- Awesome video
I love these videos! But maybe try to summarize it faster?
wish I was around in a couple of million years time when you can see andromida virtually on our doorstep.
if the light from andromeda was bright enough it would be 10 times the size of the full moon . thats why you need a telescope to collect enough light .its only because it is so far away that it is to dim to see all of it with the naked eye. even when it finaly merges with the milky way you still will not be able to see it all.the only diference will be the amount of stars will increase in that direction.
There will be far more activity in the sky as stars would be constantly colliding and smashing into each other. Just because andromida doesn't omit alot of light you would still clearly see a brighter sky at night and at the point when the core is close enough that would be clearly visible and that's if the earth is in one piece.
Dave Doyle it is a couple billion years. not million. and stars won't be colliding
i feel you, i wish as well.
mrlopez2681 so you mean to tell me that a galaxy merging with ours somehow fits like a jigsaw puzzle? stars, planets etc smashed into each other during the birth of our solar system and its still going on exactly what planet did you arrive from? hands up though i was way out on the collision date but that was besides my point
What really sad is that 99+% of all people are just like pigs eating apples under an apple tree. Just like those pigs, they never ask: "Where are all these apples coming from?"
Uh...people ask "why and where" all the time buddy. How do you think you're coming up with an analogy like that?
adam woodward
I Hate the Party So, I gather from your statement that you view yourself as a thoughtful pig who asked the question? So sad!
The "Transformation of Energy Issue" is about the available forms of energy "carriers".
Some forms are generation of particles, acceleration, heat-photonal emission
but the most important occurring in vast regions, is the relativistic acceleration of
mean time-flow perceived by an external (from another space region) beholder.
PDF of slides from the lecture "When Galaxies Collide" missing from download web site.
PS: If you could shrink all the visible galaxies down to the size of frozen peas, how many peas would you have? (Answer: enough to fill the SUPERBOWL; and each of these little peas contains ~ 200 billion stars!). Yes, Virginia, there IS a Santa Claus, ho-ho-ho...
Your dumb, there is no santa
So, are the Magellanic clouds orbiting us or just passing through? I hear different things. Wonderful video by the way
I am really interested on the notion that this universe is not the only universe - not on the multiverse kind of theory on parallel universes - but more of that our universe is a subset of a bigger set of universes which goes on the same connotation that our galaxy is a subset of our universe. I am still looking through the internet of such notion but I am always deflected to the multiverse theory. If any one can point me to the appropriate theory, I would really appreciate it.
I am not interested in another "me" in a parallel universe doing the same thing as I am doing right this moment or on the space-time relationship. I am more interested in the physical expanse of the universe and if this universe is in itself just a part of a bigger space.
We usually talk of the Big Bang as the start of the universe. However, I was thinking, what if our universe is also the product of a collision of two universes and that the outward movement is of a similar result as that of the galaxy collisions as shown in this video?
Do we also have videos on the collision of systems (solar systems, etc.) or of subsets of the galaxy and if such collision is also relatively similar in nature and result as the collision of galaxies? If so, can we project the same for the theory on collision of universes?
This has been bugging me right after watching the video. And as usual, science is awesome!
GreshamCollege I do apologize for tagging you but just so you take notice. Thank you very much for the video.
Hoopdidoo - I found a video. I was just a bit lazy googling. Universe or Multiverse Documentary. I don't really want to post a link because it may be seen as spam. :)
After a bit of research, I feel stupid for writing the comment and even feel like taking it down. But anyway, I just don't really like the headline of multiverse theorist. What I always hear or read from them is having another "you" somewhere. It is just very abysmal that the theory always boil down to having another "you" doing the same thing in a similar universe.
Nevertheless, these topics are definitely very interesting. I am now very much enthused by theories on collisions of universes. Hopefully, we would have had the capability to do those simulations in a few years.
Try this podcast of Radiolab where Brian Greene is interviewed in front of an audience and suggests that if the universe becomes infinite or just very, very large, we might wind up with essentially countless universes inside of this one. Who knows how many times we'll hit Andromeda? www.radiolab.org/story/91859-the-multi-universes/
nosuchperson2
very interesting to see how the galaxies collide, and dance and the gas squeezes and compresses and new stars are born there.. why didnt i go to such a college? :)
bsr je sui contant
When the heavens were created,just like flowers.He did not create only one,Andrew.
Learn howta reply
I'll be writing a book. I will start with single page comments at my locale environment of publication. The fields of education have been wrong, since the 1700's. I intend to correct this. Example: in order to monitor other planet systems communications, one must exceed the speed of light. The way to do this is to realize inside the atom is an order of smaller and smaller atoms in size. There isn't a proton or neutron order. The environment of the next smaller atom, for communication transmissions, is 50,000,000 electron voltage levels. This environment exceeds light speed for monitoring other planet communications. Question to ask, do you think the Chinese or others would be interested in this knowledge?
I would expect to see some super nova when the galaxies collide.
We're working on it...
This is a truly wonderful and illuminating lecture. I simply cannot believe the insultingly low resolution of the video. While I appreciate it being posted, it's maddening to see slide after slide of galaxies and stars presented as 480 pixel sludge. This disrespects the content and Professor Crawford. Somebody buy Gresham a suitable camera.
Anyone know how long it takes for the milkyway to make a revolution? Seems like the constellations should be moving a lot more over time then they do, and then they return to where they were ?
The galaxy makes a revolution in aprx. every 250.000.000 years. However that has next to nothing to do with the apparent movement of our night sky, ie. the constellations. That has to do with the rotation of the earth and our orbit/movement around the sun. IF we were located at the center of the galaxy, which we're not, and IF we were not spinning, which we are, and IF we were not orbiting a star, which we are; then all the movement you would see would be due to the spinning of the galaxy and it would be very slow. Hope that helped...
I think the shockwaves are either electromagnetic or gravity waves.
very.good.
Google+上很多朋友，发七天七夜，脑魂想傻的发表出来的一点文字，真的只能算，某些领域最基本的背景知识，我也曾经也这样，经历无知的寂寞。如今挺过了，会了一些自学工具，时时刻刻，因为共鸣到顶级思想家的细腻学识，感动，欢喜…。这种感觉，真是单一的金钱工具无法衡量的。记住一句话，不要无知的寂寞，要爱共鸣的孤独。不要因为浅显的成熟拒绝好奇的幼稚，世界远比你想要的精彩，音乐，艺术，历史，思想，哲学，经济，一切人文的学识的渊博，远比我自己想象的精彩，而构住于形而上学的人文意识也正在经历大💥爆炸，珍惜感观给我们的天赋，这种快乐有一天你懂了，不妨来找我聊聊天！
perfect.......
Most lecture must give more knowledge and experience about relative subjects to the people who will watch.I would like to share to the others. How can copy be obtainable.
nice video
Well,I think it has to do with spirituality,in some way,because we have so many believes,and faithes;nobody has,or can visit the outer space and stay there for so long enough to see these kind of spectacles.They are all but theories.
When galaxies collide, will it make a noise?
Best vedio
Massive stars, that don't live very long: she says '10s of millions of years'. Was that a slip of the tounge? Did he mean hundreds of millions? Because our tiny little planet must otherwise have been around for the birth and death of the huge suns - which is a thought and a half. Does anyone know?
It's a shame we can't see what she is pointing to because this is fascinating.
Google+上很多朋友，发七天七夜，脑魂想傻的发表出来的一点文字，真的只能算某些领域最基本的背景知识，我也曾经，经历无知的寂寞。如今挺过了，会了一些自学工具，时时刻刻因为共鸣到顶级思想家的细腻学识感动，欢喜，这种感觉真是单一的金钱工具无法衡量的。记住一句话，不要无知的寂寞，要爱共鸣的孤独，不要因为浅显的城市拒绝好奇的幼稚，世界远比你想要的精彩，音乐，艺术，历史，思想，哲学，经济，一切人文的学识的渊博远比你想象的精彩，构住于形而上学的人文意识正在经历大💥爆炸，珍惜感观给的天赋，这种快乐有一天你懂了，不妨来找我聊聊天！
∆ This...
allian郑 willian雪峰 赞一个！
You don't say !😆
allian willian hy happy birthday
allian willian qué quiere decir todo eso?
good
Yep
If Galaxies are moving away from each other which force is moving them away.
that'll be dark energy
Shane Conneely
5.
Can't please everyone.
Many times you mention "shockwaves" . I am trying to imagine them in terms other than air shock waves. How do these shockwaves travel and in what medium? Are they gravity like waves ? What are they compressing and how?
Well after a supernova ( thas wen a star explodeds ) it sends the shockwave throu space im 11 and I know that
Abbie Satterfield You mean more like a thermal / mass pulse ?
John hart Hydrogen from the stars are stripped as the galaxies are destroyed causes the shockwaves.
www.universetoday.com/8005/shock-wave-in-stephans-quintet-galaxy/
:)
RockstarPhilosophy In Space no one can hear you scream......Waves of Shock in a vacuum......What is Waving? Who is waving? Electromagnetic / Thermal / Mass
The interstellar medium; the mix of gas and dust which is spread so thinly across space that it almost doesn't seem to exist. There are no pure vacuums in space, the density out there just gets thinner and thinner.
1) if the average density of matter in the ISM is 50 atoms/m^3 then sound isn't going to travel, but when that is occurring over scales of light years then it looks like liquids colliding on a more familiar scale,
2) The galaxies are going to interact via gravity (which doesn't need a medium) displacing the ISM in each local galaxy, if they are at high relative velocities, then they will pass by each other, and the change in the shape of the gravity field will propagate across each galaxy at the speed of light, creating a shockwave
3) the light coming from each galaxy will impact upon the other, each galaxy will act like there is a solar sail along the plane perpendicular to the vector of collision, which will cause compression over that cross-section of the galaxy
4) these forces trigger local changes in density that lead to waves of star formation, changing the distribution of mass (causing more gravity waves) and firing more electromagnetic energy out into the void
that’s right mah little friend !
have they revised their estimates and are sort of shy of saying so? I only ask because it always used to be that Andromeda like twice the hey of our milky way - now it just our twin? Kinda reminds me of Tony and George Dubya: how we all know UK poodle to US but Tony fooling himself if no one else it an equal partnership. I can sort of envisage Andromeda's central SMBH telling our puny counterpart: yeah, if you think you need to tell you stars that then fine, we'll go along with it but everyone know, really you just embarrassing yourself if you don't come clean....etc.
We have never seen a star form.
OK so its local....what about when the super massive black holes at the centre of each galaxy collide? Won't there be a massive plasma jet?
Paul Dunstan yeah, that's what I'm exactly thinking about, but differently I think that probably there is a black hole functional thing lying between two galaxy collide. Perhaps a massive dark energy based heaven object, or Higgs Boson assemble. After all we know gravity is a kind of matter, but I think we still haven't really figured out the truth yet
Okay, was gonna share but after reading the comments i'm inching my head...just say~en.
I'm here because of Frontliner
Holy shitsnacks! All this splooshing makes me think all these galaxies are entering the danger zone!
Muy buena explicación, solo que va muy rapido
Maybe the comment will be useful. Thanks again!
Arp also come up with a better theory about redshift than mainstream science ... but shhh ! ;P
Near the start of this video (appox 00:02:20), Professor Crawford states that elliptical galaxies are the most common type of galaxy, comprising up to 60% of all galaxies. Yet the wikipedia (Elliptical galaxy) page states that ellipticals are not the most common type, comprising just 10-15% of all galaxies. What gives?
Nick R I think its because the most common type of galaxy overall is a dwarf elliptical but spiral galaxies are the most common type of main galaxy so the Wikipedia was probably talking about just main galaxies and wasn't including dwarf.....that's my guess
Patrick Feeney Ah. That makes sense. Thanks.
If everything is moving away from everything else then how is this possible?
Imagine the surface of a balloon. If you were to draw dots randomly on the surface of the balloon and then inflate it; you would see that every dot would be moving away from everyother dot. There would be no special dot that all the others were moving away from, because ALL the dots could/would be that special dot. That means that there is no center on the surface of the balloon. And in the case of the universe, it means there is no center of the universe. The difference is merely dimensional. 2D (Surface of ballon) or 3D (Geometry of the universe + time) :)
Akimzle exactly so how is it possible? She rather brushes over it by saying its a local event. If there isn't enough dark energy to overcome the gravitational attraction of the 2 galaxies and they collide, then the combined gravity is even larger. What if that then is big enough to overcome the dark energy and attract the next closest galaxy. The more this happens around space time then the shakier the evidence is for dark energy outweighing gravity?
Paul Dunstan That just means that gravity is strong enough, locally, to create galaxy clusters. Between the clusters, dark energy rules over gravity, if the clusters are far enough from eachother. You have to remember that gravity, like light, is a force that obeyes an inverse square law. That means that if you double the distance from a source of gravity, like a galaxy, then you decrease the strenghth of the gravity by a factor of 4. Meaning, if you move away a distance of 1 'distance' from a galaxy you only feel quarter of the gravity you felt right next to it. Gravity looses it's 'oomph' quite fast, as you move away from the source. As we understand dark energy it does not behave like this. Which means that the more space you have between the clusters, the more gravity looses and D.E stays the same and actually increases. Because on top of what I just said, you also have the weird effect of space actually expanding. That means that there is more and more empty m3 of space that each have fixed amount of D.E in it. Which means that D.E is increasing, whilst gravity is not.
Paul Dunstan
Paul Dunstan
Our Sun will probably go Nova in 4-5 billion years , so if we want to enjoy the Merger , we'd better find a way to get this Planet of ours moving away from it by then .
👍👍👍👍
As I see it,it is the sameas the atomic theory,it's the same pattern.
it's funny, Gravity ... I think i can prove that gravity do not exist. Gravity has they call it is a constant from an '' dérivée '' of a point moving in time. My hypothese would sugest that C or light would react like .5K scare only if ''t'' time is ''oo'' infinit.
Sri Ramakrishna
If you try out all 3 resolutions - 240, 360 and 480 pixels, you cannot really tell the difference between them. I suspect there IS NO difference. I don't think this is down to CZcams. You must do better than this!!
听懂，可是理解还是困难
Crimsix
Stop that colliding right now!!
darwin will be surprise with is evolution.... working from the sub-atomic scale to the galactic plains
Saleem
No entendí nada pero le pongo laik solo porq se trata de galaxias
La galaxie unité de mesure de l univers perceptible
Γιατι ακούω τον ηχο αλλα δεν βλέπω εικόνα
👣
morphology! thats a bl**dy good word for shape isn't it? I take it there's morph to its meaning than just that then?😉
No you're not. You never have in the past...
It's simple. You would remove the old poor quality video with something resembling the original better quality video. So what's the problem? I can only imagine that you do not have a better quality video? Prove me wrong...
EXPANDING UNIVERSE ??? MILKY WAY GALAXY WILL MERGE WITH ANDROMEDA GALAXY ??? HOWEVER VERY INTERESTING LADY .........
I can`t follow ........
Dale Leo Thomas
Surprised she didnt yawn like me
She isn't boring like youtube creeps are.
Then why'd you watch it?
Professor Crawford,
How is it that Gravity is the force given credit for shaping the Universe if a small child can walk by with a horseshoe magnet and snap up a ferrous metal object and walk away with it against the pull of the entire Earth? Gravity isn’t very strong. A child is stronger than Earth. Electromagnetism is stronger than Gravity. Gravity is almost meaningless.
Ever had static cling? This is electro static attraction. Static cling happens against the force of Gravity.
Astrophysics has suffered for over a hundred years from gravity depravity.
Stop simulating and start experimenting.
hey guys love this section theroy or a trusted gafta- nice pitch on some of the colours on planet. hint nxt plane3t past AloraXX is to yuor left at 2.B defcon is lioght green than blue. Shade a mars nice. Pick up gas range @B4'@99-G/ look into interesting. And than pams there goes the thery of Collisions unless they are Amoxilluduide - than its the force of t's not g's that bring them togehter. Hows Bernie../?' goin. T.N.Z//.
How do you squeeze gas in open space , you need a container, this professor is speaking nonsense.