The Four Fundamental Forces of nature - Origin & Function
Vložit
- čas přidán 9. 07. 2020
- • Signup for your FREE trial to The Great Courses Plus here: ow.ly/gCuO30qWCEZ.
if you took a notebook, a plastic bottle, a toaster, and a glass container and burned them in a fire hot enough, around 10^31 degrees Celsius, all the particles and forces, would become one entity. This is what is believed to have existed at the moment of the big bang.
Follow up video: • Why & How do the 4 fun...
All matter is composed of 6 quarks and 6 leptons and their 12 antiparticle pairs. But matter is subject to 4 fundamental forces that result in every action in the universe. These 4 forces are the strong force which binds the nuclei of atoms together, the weak force which is responsible for some kinds of radioactivity, electromagnetism responsible for the root cause of chemistry, and gravity which binds us to the earth.
The best way to understand this and how these forces emerged is to visualize what happened at the big bang, when everything was one. Time began at the smallest time, Planck time, 10^-43 seconds. We are ignorant of anything that might have occurred prior to this 1st epoch of existence, called the Planck Epoch.
All the forces and particles were in a point smaller than the size of a proton. Gravity separated from everything else, as it was the first force to separate out from the other 3 forces. The temperatures at this stage were 10^31 degrees Celsius, and the energies were in the range of 10^19 giga electron volts. The strings of string theory and the loops of loop quantum gravity, if those theories are correct, come into existence here.
The next era, called the Grand Unified epoch lasts from the first Planck second up to about 10^-35 seconds. The Strong and weak force and electromagnetism were all unified. But shortly after this period, the strong force separated from the other two - electromagnetism and the weak force, which were united as one force called the electroweak force. Temperatures were now around 10^26 degrees Celsius. Cosmic inflation occurred. The universe which went from tinier than the size of a proton to the size of a grapefruit.
At 10^-12 seconds, called the quark epoch, the electroweak force split into the weak force and electromagnetism. So at this point, all the 4 forces became distinct. The temperature of the universe cooled to 10^15 degrees Celcius, and energies are about 100 GeV. We know a lot about the universe up to this era because such energy levels can be modeled in particle accelerators. The Higgs field exists at this stage.
That brings us to today, 13.8 billion years later, where the average temperature of the universe is -270 degrees C, and energy is 0.25 eV
Gravity and electromagnetism are similar in that their mathematical formulas look nearly identical. Newtons law of universal gravitation is F= G Mm/r^2 . were G is Newton’s gravitational constant. Coulomb’s law of electric force between charged bodies is F = k Qq/r^2 where k is Coulomb’s constant.
This means that the earth has a gravitational effect not just on the moon, but also some effect on every other massive object in the universe. This is a very small effect, but it is non zero. And since gravity effects all masses, this effect is the most influential force on a cosmic scale.
But the electrostatic force between charges also extends infinitely far away. And this force is much greater than the force of gravity - 10^36 times greater. So why isn’t electromagnetism the most dominant force in the universe? ...because on large scales electric charges of most objects tend to cancel each other out. Large objects tend to be neutral. If large things were not electrically neutral, this force would completely dominate the universe. But Electromagnetism still has a big influence. It is the basis of all chemistry.
So if electromagnetism is so strong, then what keeps multiple protons bound in the nucleus of atoms? They are kept glued together with a force one hundred times stronger, the strong nuclear force. However, it extends only as far as the width of a proton. This force is not simply the opposite of electromagnetism because it also holds electrically neutral atoms in the center of atoms.
The release of this force is the energy behind nuclear bombs. The fission and fusion of atoms releases huge amounts of binding energy from the nucleus, which results from the strong force. It is also responsible for most of the mass of any object, not the Higgs Field.
#fourfundamentalforces
The weak force is responsible for beta radiation, which is the emission of electrons or positrons. One of the most important processes in nature is the beta decay of a neutron. If this decay did not occur, then the universe would have been full of neutrons, and no atoms would have ever formed. And we would not have life. But it’s effective length is only about one thousandth the diameter of a proton. - Věda a technologie
in 120 seconds you got more data concerning the nature of matter into my brain than any educator has done in whole days. Thumbs up.
you aren't considering all the important details he probably skipped. That's why he explains so fast
@@caetanogarelii6657 Correct, videos like this make you *feel* you know something because information is simple and less. Real physics classes give you so much and complex information that you *feel* like you didn't learn anything even though you learned very much.
It was more like 823 sends in my frame of reference. Haha, but our analysis agrees
Don't pretend you get anything.
@@monkeyrobotsinc.9875 whatever you gotta tell yourself
This man is a force of nature due to his lucidity
I don't think lucid means what you think it means
Lucid means easily understood
Yeah the force of men can be overwhelming xD
@@Jesterlex420 are you gay
This video has a lot of precious information about our current knowledge of the interactions we have in the universe. I studied computer engineering and had 5 semesters of physics and this is prime content. Thanks.
I am so hyped for the next videos 😬.
Never expected a scientific video to end in a cliffhanger 😂
Sorry, I don't like cliffhangers myself. But, there is only so much I can cover in 15 minutes.
@@ArvinAsh How does science explain structure ? All that empty space with the electrons moving freely, how to get more structure than a liquid, or a very fine powder ? How do you build a skyscraper, without an extreme amount of increased structure ? You strong forces weak forces gravity and magnetic forces, are not going to have enough structure for even a small table ! Forces without intelligent design are not going to make for a stable structure !
More than two weeks later still waiting ! More than 6 months later still waiting for an answer !
@@studygodsword5937 I think you haven't gotten a reply because you haven't put forward a real question. Scientists already know how solids, liquids, and gasses work. That is far less complex than this topic. If you take a steel skyscraper and make it very hot, its supporting steel beams will melt, and it won't stand. However, the electromagnetic force itself is enough to keep atoms together as a solid as long as they are not heated to the point of massive vibration, which breaks down the solid structure and forms a liquid. When the vibration from heat becomes even greater, it becomes a gas. Similarly, even oxygen gas will become a liquid under enough pressure and at a low enough temperature. Also, electrons are generally not moving freely through "empty" space. Most, at least on Earth, are bound (via electromagnetism) to protons, making up atoms, which themselves are attracted to each other, either by electromagnetism at small scales or gravity at large scales.
@@Rationalific
*FIVE undeniable facts*
Abiogenesis is totally impossible ! Life is far to complicated to be formed by accident ! even if it did form "accidentally" what would it eat with no other bio-matter, how would it know it needed to eat, how would it have the ability to select, gather and eat ! How would the *FIRST LIFE EVER,* know how to reproduce its self ? *A fool would not see* that an organism dividing its self, *without the specific design* to do so, *all* you would have is *2 dead organisms !* If it were the first life form ever, how would it have developed those properties ! Please don't waste my time with that franken-life altering existing life, and calling it new life ! Or that dead stuff experiment, forming lifeless amino acids !
*The theory can't even get to evolution !*
*3 bridges evolution can not cross :*
The first life form ever, knowing how to reproduce it's self, when it has never been done before !
going from a single cell to a complex life form that absolutely requires more than 5 organs just to survive !
going from a single sex to male and female, with all the reproductive parts working that first generation !
Love this guy. Really breaks it down to understandable levels.
EM trying to separate protons: am I a joke to you?
Strong Nuclear force: yes.
@Tay Woode Maybe they can all be one day be reconcilled by the unified theory of I'm about to end this man's whole career. But we are many decades away from this happening.
@@mysteryhombre81 bruh
Please stop with this kind of easy formatted and faded style of comments.
Yet, two protons stuck together with no neutrons doesn't seem to appear in nature. Helium normally has two protons and two neutrons.
SNF is the Coulomb force in concentrated flux tube form + gravity overcoming radial Coulomb repulsion.
Hey Arvin, can I just say - I’m a bit of a science buff and I watch a lot of science-related vids on CZcams. Some good, some bad; some great and some awful. But...never any which can so succinctly distill the subject matter into such bite sized portions AND explain it all fully.
That must take a lot of carful planning to do. Keep up the great work...with all the crap out there, you provide a great service to humanity.
Thanks. I really appreciate that.
FINALLY! A CHANNEL THAT GOES STRAIGHT TO THE POINT, NO FILLER, NO OPINIONS JUST SCIENCE. THANK YOU!!!
Your videos are some of the most clear and concise summaries on these topic in the whole of CZcams, hands down. Thanks for sharing your awesomeness!
Wow, thanks! I appreciate that.
Thanks for the quality content, Arvin Ash! You're doing a great job of balancing the (real) complexity of the subject with excellent pacing for intermediate learners!
Keep up the good work :) love from Iceland
Much appreciated!
@@ArvinAsh love from sweden Stockholm ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
Great video that left me with a few hypothetical questions.
1: Since the formulas for the gravitational and electrostatic force are so similar, isthere's a geometric or general relativityesque explanation for of it?
2: The separation of the different forces were several orders of magnitude of time apart, so can the forces still separate into more forces? Like the electromagnetic force into the electric and magnetic forces or something like that?
3: How did the universe looked when the forces were united and how can we even tell if forces are separate or united?
4: Where does the Higgs Boson come into all of this?
5: What was/were the boson(s) of the united force fields?
You can think of the force expanding in all directions with distance, like the surface of a sphere. This has r squared relationship. Forces will not separate. Elect and mag are same thing - caused by charged particles. I will have several future videos on the Higgs - it plays a crucial role in the weak interaction.
Those are some good questions 👍🏽👍🏽
Your point 2 & 3 is very interesting and important because we are in quest of origin of matter and how they are governed.
Fascinating. I've always wanted to know more about the 4 fundamental forces and this was so fun and interesting to watch. One of my favorite channels on youtube right now, hands down.
The bad part in this video is that it ends...
I could watch your videos for hours.. it's so easy to follow.
Have said before and again.. I love the way you make your videos and the topics you go for...
Glad you like them!
I have been looking into quantum physics and particle psychics for decades and CZcams has helped. This video is the best by far and is great. Cannot wait for the rest.
Hey just wanted to say I absolutely love the videos. You make understanding this stuff stupid easy and I'm super hyped for the next vid!!!
Probably the best explanation yet! Can't wait to learn more!
I am a businessman, with no studies of physics, and love to learn about the world and how everything works. I really enjoy your videos and explanation.
would be great if you could make one about what needs to happen in order to prove string theory true, and another about what are those extra dimensions (complex videos need complex requests LOL)
I have a video on the string theory and extra dimensions here that you might enjoy: czcams.com/video/DpFlqcMwh2U/video.html
Sir when I say it I mean it. YOU ARE LITERALLY, BEAUTIFULLY, UNDOUBTEDLY, GENUINELY the best teacher of astrophysics not only it but REAL PIONEER OF UNIVERSE .
Y'know my goal is to become a pioneer of universe and ua my teacher
"And which of these forces do we understand the least?"
"Gravity."
- xkcd
Gravity is the only one that always makes sense to me
@Jawad Ahmed shahzad
Same, but flat earthers are like
"Planet gravity is different from earth gravity"
What is gravity
Johnny Carrion Gravity is the force that connects two things together
ً yeah you are so right when will flat earthers ever realise that the earth is round 🌍
Brilliant episode Arvin, I loved this one ❤️
Have been waiting for this one too be launched, thanks to the teasers coming in. Will be a good watch over weekend, to go over couple of times & relate to other aspects of fundamental forces -
This video does a wonderful job explaining the four fundamental forces. This is by far the best explanation I have seen on the weak nuclear force.
Every time I visit your channel to watch one cideot I end up staying and learning a lot for a long time! Your videos are great man. I love all the different subjects you explore. Keep it up. Thank you
Officially the best channel on CZcams
Great video, I had read about the strong force but felt like I was missing a huge piece of the puzzle before I watched this. Thanks Arvin, you answer the questions I can't find the words to ask.
The fact that there are around 100 stable elements in nature which depends on the number of protons in the atomic nucleus is due to the fact that the strong nuclear binding force is about 100 times greater than the electromagnetic repulsive force between the protons. There is also the factor of the number of neutrons present in any particular nucleus which affects the stability of the nucleus and the probability of decaying into lighter elements.
I will happily wait through the promo to have Arvin put a smile on my face with his sign off. It works every time!
Thanks my friend. I appreciate that.
lowkey you've made a great channel and you are great at explaining science in more clarity than just about any other channel, including PBSStudios
I am lost with the maths, not got a clue what physics mean, but I love your video because you explain it in such a way that I do know what you are talking about and even though I don't understand the numbers like 10 to the power of... I haven't a clue what it means but what I do know is how small an atom is, not in numbers written, and I do know the basics of what that atom consists of from listening to CZcams channels like this. I kind of get the drift and curse the fact that I left school at 13 and prior to that going round the bomb sites scratching for scrap metals to sell was more important than school. The things you talk about are exactly what old men think about, maybe not in the same way but at the fundamental scale we are all human and at some point every intelligent person wonders, "what is life". Thanks for great video Mr Ash.
I thoroughly enjoyed this video. Thank you
I like your videos because you use to explain in simple language and understandble easily. Thanks for this . Hope for come up with more topics for learning.
I have a better understanding now then before I pushed play. Excellent video Arvin thank you.
This is such a condensed video I had to watch it in bits to let it synch. I’m in love with this guy 😍 thank you Sir.
Thanks a lot for this video. As always a combination of interesting subjects and great narration.
When i first learned about the weak force i didn't exactly know what it does and couldn't visualise it. This video gave a very good explanation. I hope i had this video when i first learned abouy it. Keep up the excelent work
Καλός καλός
This was a warm up. I will have a lot more detailed explanation of the weak and strong force in the next video, so stay tuned.
Arvin Ash I can’t wait for the next video....your channel actually deserves more and more views and subscribers!!
I told my friends about your channel they found it interesting! Thank u 😊
@@ArvinAsh ok
@@jimjim3979 ααα καλος
Excellent video, as always. Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.
I loved this video! The presenter did I great job breaking things down and making it easy to understand! It is fascinating content, very well presented! Thank you! And please keep talking!!!
Very very good video and well explained. Thank you
Excellent explanation of the four fundamental forces. Keep walking
I love all the forces.
I love the tone of your voice it complees you to listen carefully like one of the forces which one you may ask somewhat like gravity.
The first minute and 5 seconds. Already great start. Best analogy I’ve heard for the primordial soup at the big bang
Outstanding work!
Very much appreciated, I truly look forward to the detailed explanation of many subjects that I have interest in. I realize the limits and read as well. What better time than this. I plan to subscribe to the the lectures referred to here. Thank you
Yes, thegreatcoursesplus is a huge bargain, in my opinion.
Really helpful video I got from with simplest form of description .thanks a lot sir .keep doing this tremendous work.👌♥️
I’m joining in the chorus ! Best explanation of the four forces I have yet seen. Sometimes the understanding of the message is contingent on the messenger- your delivery is always understandable. Thanks for making ideas in physics clear to a dummy like me !- Rich
Glad it was helpful!
I only recently stumbled upon Arvins videos and I'm blown away. Superb content, if a little confusing for an amateur like myself, and I'll admit I have to hit the rewind button quite a lot!! Thank you Arvin for your wonderful videos 👍
Welcome aboard!
I was always under the impression that mass was caused by the Higgs field. I never considered it was the strong force. Crazy!
I am puzzled why he has only 350 K followers .....it’s an amazing thing you are doing Arvin Ash
Great video. Very well explained!
Dude!!! Arvin!!! You're the best. Always LOVE your vids ;-)
Arvin, I would like to tell you how I feel about the videos you produce. That’s coming up right now: They are always excellent! You never fail to get us to think about the world in which we live. Thank you for all you do~GG.
I appreciate that!
excellent video, excited for the next!
Awesome vid. Sincerely grateful for your explanation.
Glad it was helpful!
I like how Arvin shares his excitement on the topic when he says, "that's coming up right now" at 1:23. Anybody else expecting a "Beakman's World" shout in this intro ?
Great illustration to understand !
Thank you dear Arvin Ash !
Thank you for these videos.
Thank you for making your promise a reality and happy Friday.
Can't wait for the next video :-)
Love your videos, have learned so much!
Awesome video as always!!
Thank you Mrs. Ash for your video, it was a bit beyond my understanding but it helped to look at how particles and physics controls the world we live in. Thanks again, it was a very informative video. Thank you again. :)
Highly recommended! Illuminates fundamental particles and forces by placing them in larger temporal-spatial perspective
Great video, Great explanations!
One of the best explanations ever about the fundamental forces.
I didnt know that gravity from one thing affects the whole universe, I thought it dissipates at some distance. This is amazing.
Great video! You are one of the best explaining something complex quite simply. I have a question though, why is a hadron’s mass heavier than the combined quarks that compose it, but a nucleus’s mass is less than the sum of its nucleons masses?
Great question! A nucleus has less mass than the sum of its nucleons because when nucleons combine, they go to a lower energy state. Energy is removed, and this is measured as a lower mass than when a single nucleon's mass is measured on its own. In a hadron, the binding energy and kinetic energy of quark-gluon-quark interactions creates a lot of energy which is seen as a higher mass.
You’re my new hero (don’t tell NDT). So well done. Can’t wait for the next video.
Excellent and shortest vdo to understand clearly the nature of matter and relation to complex nature of fundamental forces. Thanks.
Arvin's way of explaining is much better than other people who have more presence in the media.
When the best science channel uploade
Thank you Sir, for narrating fundamental forces in such an easy language,
Love the way you explain stuff. 👌
3:27 could someone explain physically what happens when a force "separates" from another force? In other words, what did the particle soup look like after gravity separated? What about the strong force? I have a tough time visualizing the end result of each stage of separation.
I agree with Inert that this is difficult to visualize. For simplicity, you can think of this like a phase change. This is the process for example, when water is cooled, it becomes ice. Typically, when phase changes occur, energy is released. Such an energy is theorized to have been released when the strong force separated - this phase change caused a release of energy that resulted in cosmic inflation.
When forces are unified, or coupled together, they possess the same relative field strength and the same range.
In the Planck era, When Gravity was unified with the other forces, it was just as strong on the subatomic scale as the other forces. Gravity was so strong that it's believed that the density of the universe was 10 to the 93rd kilograms.
This is such an enormous amount of gravitational energy, that even if the strong and weak interactions had an unlimited range, and the electromagnetic attraction had only one charge or the other, gravity would still neutralize, or cancel, these other forces out.
The second idea behind forces separating refers to field interactions.
In quantum mechanics fields are just particular concentrations of energy, which are quantized, and modulated between different modes and frequencies.
Particles are "fake," for they are condensed areas of field lines or excitations in these fields.
When these forces unified, the fields combined, forming a new, higher energy field, and, by extension, particle. For example it's predicted that unifying all forces besides gravity creates X and Y Boson fields, and thus particles.
@@scifirealism5943 Excellent info! Thanks.
No problem. I love your videos.
Anything as far as you can visualize can happen...it depends on your imagination.
This is solid gold, plus all the seemingly infinite sub-quantum realms that go into the formation of solid gold!
😎🙂🏆😁
Wow, great cliff hanger. 👍 Can't wait for the next video
Great video, looking forward to the next video.
Now i realized that i donteven know basics forces of physics but completed almost half of it...tq so much for this great video😍😍
You did a great job with this video, as always. I think this is a great channel, and it's incredible at explain complex topics simple enough to understand them without over-simplifying them until they get completely wrong.
I have only one request: please do not use depictions of the Big Bang like at 2:40.
There are already far to many people who see the Big Bang as an explosion resembling a supernova from which planets and galaxies fly out
instead of the expansion of spacetime that it actually was. The use of such representations only increases that problem.
Amazing job!
great video, pieces of the puzzle gathered... viewers should reach 10M
Congrats!! You make the hard to grasp concepts a piece of cake.
This is food to my old brain.
Keep on and on because the minds you educate today will better transform the world of tomorrow!
Thanks. That's what I am hoping for!
Thanks Arvin for this great video! In your discussion of the early epochs after gravity became a force I am curious whether the dense gravity had an impact on time measurement and if so, what time frame is used for those precise explanations of the epochs. Wouldn’t the passage of time be nonuniform throughout the early universe further complicating things?
That's an interesting question. 13.8 billion years is calculated based on current expansion rate of the universe and working backwards. Assuming accelerating expansion based on current rates, the time frame should be fairly accurate. But I could be wrong.
@@ArvinAsh Thanks for the quick reply! Instead of the 13.8 billion years I was thinking more of the time between the plank time when Gravity emerged (and possibly messed with time measurement) until 10e-32 seconds, and I was imagining in that dense gravity some parts of the universe experiencing millions of years while others experienced the tiniest fraction of a second. Wild imagination and maybe in reality the distinction is even meaningless.
Many thanks for excellent video , several decades ago I had studied this subject in college,in process of earning a living there was a detachment but not a total disconnect and listening to you makes me feel like going back to college days if only it was possible. A request to you if possible slow down the narrative in order to digest each and every important word spoken by you, its so valuable.
Really educative! Great video !
I still remember when my 7th grade teacher told us that Big Bang was just one big planet exploding into the 9 planets of solar system...and that sun was previously the core of that big planet.
I knew she was wrong, I knew what Big Bang was..but just didn't have the courage to correct her.😥
This is a very good example of half knowledge (or no knowledge) is very dangerous. Even zero knowledge is OK provided they accept it. But allowing such people to be teachers should be treated as crime. My high school physics teacher told us in the class that 'You will never understand physics and it is too complicated' (because he himself could not understand it during his undergraduate physics degree in college). We officially requested our Headmaster to change him but in the end he was our teacher for the whole year. My physics marks were just a few above the minimum passing level. Today I can explain to a kid what contributions Newton, Einstein, Maxwell and Feynman made to physics in a reasonable way that is understandable to their level.
Wow, that is so wrong. it's a shame you did not correct her. Who know how many of her pupils still believe that.
@@ArvinAsh yeah I know....most of the students didn't care because they had no interest in science. This was just one example.She also thought light requires medium to travel and it cannot travel through vaccum. This time I corrected her....by asking how sunlight travels to Earth if light can't travel through empty space. She googled and realised her mistake.
FYI...this was 9 years ago!
@Flash
That’s quite sad to hear. How can the education system allow someone like that, who clearly ISN’T qualified, to teach?!
Haha 9 planets. She probably also taught you about Pluto (no music for it by Holst czcams.com/video/Isic2Z2e2xs/video.html ).
Follow up to this video is now up: czcams.com/video/xZqID1zSm0k/video.html "Why & How do the 4 fundamental forces actually work?" "Why & How do the 4 fundamental forces actually work?"
I'd like to address a couple of common comments.
1) "Gravity is not a force" - while current theory - General Relativity, treats gravity in purely geometric terms, as a curvature of space-time, almost no physicist thinks this is the final answer. Most physicists believe that gravity will, one day, be brought under the fold of quantum mechanics, and that it will be shown to have common symmetry with the other "forces." A quantum theory of gravity is very elusive, but it probably exists. In the context of this video, where I talk about the ultimate symmetry of all the forces, I felt it was appropriate to call it a "force."
2) The use of the term "force." - I agree that "interaction" would be a more precise description than "force," but I was trying to appeal to the colloquialism used by most people who will, hopefully, watch this video.
3) What about the Higgs Boson? Yes, I am aware I ignored it. In fact, it can be argued that the Higgs Field is a fifth "force." It is certainly a medium for "interaction." This field and its particle are so fascinating and complex that it deserves its own treatment. In fact, I will have several dedicated videos on the topic of the Higgs Field and its Boson in the future. So stay tuned.
4) Here are some of my follow up videos that you may want to watch for more info on the concepts I discussed:
Where most of the mass of the universe comes from: czcams.com/video/2kUFs6_DBrM/video.html
Higgs mechanism explained: czcams.com/video/zAazvVIGK-c/video.html
General relativity (gravity) explained: czcams.com/video/tzQC3uYL67U/video.html
How a hydrogen bomb works: czcams.com/video/fYuVzbIu_8o/video.html
Loop quantum gravity: czcams.com/video/dpmx8D5CXRA/video.html
5) **NOTE** We made an editing ERROR at 1:37. We used a stock photo. The label on the right side should say, "Antiparticle partners" instead of "supersymmetric partners" - The symbols would be the same, except there would be a solid line above instead of a squiggly line. Supersymmetric particles are not the same as antiparticles.
Thank you for taking the time to make these clarifications, which should help many people with common misconceptions about theories in Physics. Often confusion arises when terminology from separate and distinct theoretical models is combined such as with General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics (Field Theory).
Your content is always informative and well thought out. Thank you!
I can only think of how idiotic all this will seem a hundred years from now. We do our best, only to be wildly incorrect in the final analysis. Who will solve these riddles? What mind will be that creative?
As to point 2, dumbing it down for the masses? It's a good thing we're not easily offended. Keep up the great work!
@@alext8828 wish a day for human mind to be advanced enough to understand the fundamentals of science.
@@alext8828 A hundred years has passed since the proposition of everything he said in the video, we didn't made much progress (mainly because of String Theory wasting brilliant minds).
Your velcro analogy to describe the strong nuclear force is excellent. Edit....the rest of the video is also great.
Thank you for this video!
3:42
If it helps visualize that temp, just think of a hotpocket fresh from the microwave.
Ughh let one cool like 10 mins yesterday and still set my mouth ablaze
I did like to put a simple thing here that-
The force applied by Andromeda galaxy on you is same as your mobile headset being 1 metre away from you
Interesting stat. I haven't done the calculations, but sounds like it is in the right range.
@@ArvinAsh yes calculations will make sure if this is true or nøt
Ed: and after watching ur video on Thermo dynamics+time+information
I did like to know why Speed makes a diff. Of timw
Yeah right, sure.. publish the calculations then.
Best video on this topic that i have ever seen. Keep doing these amazing videos. Thanks.
Glad you liked it! Don't miss next week's video - it's a doozy! Much more in-depth.
This is my first time watching ur video I'm 17 but I really enjoy in depth things other than school stuff this is the right channel for kids like me THANKS so Much!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Gravity is the geometry of spacetime
You are correct according to general relativity. In quantum mechanics however it would be different. People are still trying to unify those two theories. Hopefully someday we will have a better understanding of how all this works together.
Well, mass's affect on the geometry of spacetime.
I get that the maths of general relativity don’t work at the quantum level. But I just don’t understand how Einstein’s much accepted theory could be questioned and attempted to be essentially replaced with something else at the quantum level. If the idea of gravity according to General relativity works in every context from moons and planets to stars, black holes and galaxies I just don’t understand how it would not apply to quantum matter in the same way but to such a smaller scale. How can they say “no...it does not apply here”. If it has mass, it will have a gravitational effect. Wouldn’t the more logical explanation to General relativity maths not working in the quantum world is because we can’t at all measure accurately at this scale.
10:16 *of course i thought of that! who do u think i am? an engineer?*
I am sorry Howard wolowitz.
this is amazing. Thank you so much!
One of the greatest educators on this site
I never heared about this before and im just 13 yet I understsnd most of this
Good for you! Keep being curious. You will do well in life.
If you don't comprehend something fully just rewatch that part until the dots connect. This is a way with which you can learn basically anything theoretical
And there may be a fifth one now, related to Helium!
What do you mean?
@@johannesh7610 latest paper on that "X17 particle": arxiv.org/abs/1910.10459
Great walkthrough 👍
Thanks for sharing 👍😀
Thank you very much sir this explanation is wonderful !!
how scientists can combine quantum mechanics with general relativity to explain from atom to big objects like our sun, how can we apply these two theories to our sun and atom
There is no quantum theory of gravity yet, so Relativity and quantum mechanics are treated separately at this point. String theory comes close to treating relativity at a quantum level, so it has the potential to unite the two concepts.
@@kirkhamandy
Many theoretical physics consider string theory to be better utilized as a mathematical framework for exploring possibilities to create a better model. But I agree, string theory hasn't produced anything verifiably yet. It's a work in progress. Perhaps it's completely wrong; time will tell.
Please answer me I studied in a book QM not only explains smaller world, it can also explains larger world that's what i am asking, how can we apply quantum mechanics to larger objects like our sun by Schrodinger equation