Is the Mitochondria Always the Powerhouse of the Cell?
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- čas přidán 20. 11. 2022
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It’s fun to watch organisms eat in the microcosmos. There’s a whole range of methods to enjoy. And at the core of all this is a simple, universal need: energy, stored chemically as adenosine triphosphate-or ATP-that’s made from the breakdown of sugars and fats.
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SOURCES:
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.jstor.org/stable/24940890
knowyourmeme.com/memes/mitoch...
micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/mi...
royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
journals.biologists.com/dmm/a...
archive.org/details/libraryor...
royalsocietypublishing.org/do...
archive.org/details/antonyvan...
www.britannica.com/biography/...
ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/lee...
journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/...
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I knew there was something odd, but did not have a clue what it was. Thank you for enlightening one of the archea mysteries.
Your video is 21.7% ad. Then you go and do this... LOL! **shakes head in disappointment** lol j/k
Frell the ad.
A VPN slows down your internet connection, particularly in the Russian Federation. 😃😃😃😃
3:16 Antoni van Leeuwenhoek.
NOT Antoni von Leeuwenhoek.
He was a Dutch guy, not a German.
And certainly not Antoni Von Leeuwenhoek or Antoni Van Leewenhoek.
I had to change the neon sign outside my house from “I’ve always had mitochondria” to “I’ve never had mitochondria” and then I had to throw that sign away because it was inaccurate. I *had* had mitochondria in the past, I just didn’t have any in the *moment*.
This is gold
That radish video is HILARIOUS. 10/10 reference
I don't understand this comment.
@@MCNarret 😂
@@MBMCincy63 it's a reference to an obscure joke video
Saw a video about a man on a hike, boulder rolling down hill towards him, he lifts it off and up and over. Deflecting it.
Hulk style.
It's thought almost all his ATP was burnt at once. Unknown trigger mechanism.
He spent a year in a hospital, weak and helpless, before he slowly recovered.
It would be great to make a series on the most commons micro-organisms founds in our gardens. For those growing organically, the plants are growing thanks to the billions of micro-organisms at work into the soil, eating the organic matters on top and producing secondary products, available for plants as fertilizer.
It would be extremely interesting to see those micro-organisms in action. I'm sure all gardeners would like it. I have not seen any video like that anywhere.
Agreed, that would be wicked interesting to find out.
I must agree
Especially Rhizobacteria
Not just garden plants. Humans and other animals, too. Seeds cannot germinate without Queuine, a bacterialogically derived chemical. Babies swim in amniotic fluid packed with the stuff, also.
A modern chronic deficiency in it drives a lot of cancers and muscle wastage.
I started researching how to make a protein powder or supplement to reverse muscle wastage in humans. I ended up tracking human nutrition all the way down through seeds, to plant growth, to soil bacteria.
Still looking for a large source of the stuff. Plants, their seeds, and roots don't contain a large amount; not enough for supplementation. So I continue to dig.
Agreed
I keep getting what I think are random new channel recommends only to find out it’s just hank. Not complaining.
I've been listening to Hank Greene say "The powerhouse of the cell!!" since I was in high school.....I'm almost 30. 😁 Keep it up Hank!
Yep, Hank Green has been on CZcams that long.
The Greene brothers are responsible for my education as well
Hello, I'm a huge fan of your work and I'm currently in the process of writing a book on eukaryogenesis and the origins of metabolism. With that said, I was wondering if you guys at journey to the microcosmos would ever consider doing an episode (or perhaps a couple) on the discovery of Asgard archaea, the E3-model, and the energetic bottleneck as described by Nick Lane and his colleagues. While giving a more nuanced take on primary endosymbiosis is a daunting task, you've all shown how science communication doesn't always need to come at the expense of providing detailed descriptions of evolution and cellular processes. Who knows, it might be a fun challenge ;)
I just wonder if they would have anything interesting to show while they were talking about it. It seems like a small operation and I doubt James has the resources to keep extant deep sea archaea like lokiarcheota alive in his lab
They do have a video that mentions Asgard. I don’t remember the title of the video, but the thumbnail says “Are we all Asgardians?”
Nick Lane's work and writing is amazing!
@@ferretyluv That one is from a different channel called PBS Eons.
I'm a year late so this book may well be written, but the actual fossil record of Eukaryotes is actually pretty interesting. The oldest organism speculated to potentially be a eukaryote (to my knowledge) is Diskagma, a strange, terrestrial organism around 1 mm or so I believe. The earliest that I think are widely accepted are the 2.1 (or maybe 1.9? I think 2.1 is the latest estimate) billion year old possible algae Grypania and the 1.6 billion year old Acritarch Tappania. Of course, since you seem to be an expert on the subject, and probably know more about these than me, but I hope this was useful to you anyways.
I don't know anything about micro-biology but it's utterly amazing to think there is another world that exists within our own, and just watching these organisms (if I can call them that) go about their business makes me wonder 'what drives their behaviour? I want to thank you for sharing this amazing footage it just shows there is so much we have yet to understand.
In graduate school I researched lipid biogenesis in mitochondria, and that phrase is in my nightmares.
Sounds gr8 tho.
I've seen scores of your videos and I feel this is your best production in this style.
What a convoluted path!
What a beautiful way to summarize such a complex topic. Thank you.
Another AWESOME and fascinating video!! In addition to the sources cited above, the book, "The Vital Question: Energy, Evolution, and the Origins of Complex Life", by Dr. Nick Lane, reads like a suspense thriller novel, as he discusses the research and evolution about mitochondria. (Seriously, this is a SCIENCE book that you won't be able to put down!) Even another viewer, Kyle Rosenberg, recommends his work! Thank you, Microcosmos!!
Great book indeed! Was a pretty challenging read for myself being a layman, but was rewarding.
Excellent visuals 🎉🎉🎉🎉 and narrstion ,helps to understand these somewhat complex organisms ,Thank You.
I love that there are always exceptions in nature. Goes to show that everything isn't black and white like humans tend to paint.
I don't know if you have done so, but looking at fungi under the microscope should be fun/informative
Thanks for that beautiful journey!
i never realized that meme was poking fun at "useless information in school" but i love watching this channel so i guess it makes sense thatd go over my head lmao
this is a huge video! WOW thanks!
the most amazing thing about the mitochondria is that it's actually a cell living inside another cell...
No, it's an organelle within a cell.
It was once another cell but through millions of years of refinement it has lost the ability to independently reproduce, so it’s just an organelle now, left over from another cell. It’s got many features of prokaryotic cells but can’t really be considered a cell itself
Fascinating, thank you so much
One has to be careful when trying to guess the evolution of parasites.
This clip should have mentioned henneguya salminicola, even if the channel is dedicated to microorganisms, since it matches closely the subject matter. And the animal is quite small.
Great video, thanks.
Absolutely fascinating
it still bothers that Hank pronounces the W as a V in van Leeuwenhoek it is a Woo sound in dutch not a Vee sound.
"Pissabed" is another name for dandelions, if anyone's wondering.
Also the sea hare, a type of sea slug, particularly _Aplysia depilans_ which I think was the intended meaning here.
What an unfortunate name for a slug 😂
I know I've seen that name applied to terrestrial isopods (pillbug, roly-poly, etc) but I can't find a reference. It seems to track with the description of a flat, multi-legged organism.
Leeuwenhoek likely meant a rolly polly/pill bug. They mention this in another video on this channel. Basically it's a very old Dutch word that was once used to describe this group of animal. No longer used from what I gather so the translation can be difficult.
❤ thank you Hank!
I would love to see Journey through the microcosmos at Nebula
If there's one thing I'm taking away from this video, it's that mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
I was always wondering about this after studying Cancer and the importance of ATP and Mitochondria for its production and Apoptosis and a regulation of Calcium -Maturation of T cells
I feel like this could provide a useful tool for the study of mitochondria, a transplanted mitochondria from similar relatives could provide a similar process to the first integration of mitochondria, easier said than done but life did it before. Maybe it'd work like the Pokemon daycare, drop off the two compatible parents and boom, an egg lol.
great video!! it would be great if there is more video about evolutionary concepts !!
Were... were we looking at poop this whole time??? I'm sorry, but when he told the story about van Leeuwenhoek, I couldn't get it out of my head. Every time there were diplomonads on screen, I kept thinking, "Is that poop? Am I looking at poop?" And the large brown indistinguishable bits weren't helping. 🤣🤣
Awesome vid as always!
mitochondria is the powercell of the house
I love watching stentors eating. Thanks for the footage! Thanks for the video😀👍
Without mitochondria you could never carry oats. You could never even harvest oat, or sew them, or even make a farm to get them.
True.
I feel like Hank’s voice was recorded while dreaming, that’s the only explanation for his calm and collected demeanor when talking about science
Just wondering if James is going to publish another book. I would love to see him publish one on the collection, care and feeding of microbes.
I was pleasantly surprised when I realised it was Hank Green narrating!
The Powerhouse of the Cell? Ayyo, let’s go
lol a "Pissabed". Or potato bug! Or Wood louse.
No one still uses the term "Archezoa" anymore because it is not a monoplyletic group.
Mitochondria have been lost in various lineages including ciliates, euglenozoa, and even fungi. Oh, and yes, Diplomonads too.
You should see history or Economics or philosophy in public schools
Always a pleasure to travel to the microcosm with Hank and friends!
Everyone better have clapped when he said the thing.
I've been using the image generator, and I LOVE it! 100 searches didn't take long. I tried to sign up with a third e-mail, but they require a non-voip phone number for verification, and only allow 2 accounts per phone number. Did you run into this problem while testing it out?
Yess
Aí que ótimo. Consigo ouvir o vídeo em português agora.
Videos like this makes me glad I was born a human.
I miss the ultra calm Hank of yore.
I bet it was exhausting putting on that voice for so long
Mitochondria, it's the warp core of the cell
I'm sure once in a while it's the cell's resident pretty-boy. I mean, there are so many pictures of it, right?
How can these organisms make ATP in the cytosol if ATP production otherwise seems to require a membrane?
Basically energy production consists of 2 steps: glycolosis and then oxidative phosphorylation. Only the second of these steps requires a membrane, the first step always happens in the cytosol. The second step produces the vast majority of energy but also requires an oxidant, most commenly oxygen. So when there's no oxygen around only the first step is executed and the products that would normally go into the second step are instead turned into lactic acid or ethanol. This is called fermentation.
7:30 Me parece que esos grupos de hierro se usan para estabilizar el ADP
Looking at designing wires molecules for storing and transferring energy .
DNA 🧬 list exact structure
Interesting.
Does anyone know any good microscopes under around £90 ($110) that can go to around 1000x - 2000x?
The original Archaea was a goldfish. It had no real digestion, it just ate and processed what it could. Constantly eating.
An alphaproteobacterium got eaten. That alphaproteobacterium basically was able to freely exist in the same environment as the goldfish food, but they were rarely (or never) digested. They attached to the inside like a remora.
All the alphaproteobacterium ever did was produce as waste whatever the goldfish could most readily digest.
The flagellum became vestigial once the pili are attached like velcro and directly integrate.
Flagellum/pili becomes a docking station and the rest is history.
I just realized today after all these years... That I recognize that voice!!
Noticed we need to breathe more when more energy is available heat electricity to light.
Maybe ATP is to make energy usable catching it storing it and releasing it
Cool.
0:16 PIA is actually good asf vpn. Idk about the price now but I pay 5$ I got subscription back in highschool and kept it ever since
Cool
Maybe those oxygen free eukaryotes might dominate Oxygen free planets
THESE CLIPS ARE JUST TOO MESMERIZING TO WATCH
They have little arms that stretch out from both ends that seem to move the diplonomad cell around. Strange.
Liquid rock is called "magma"
Somthing *exists*
Scientists: but why are you like this
2:12 Soy de México y aqui siguen con sus leyes de mendel, nisiquiera hablan de Margulis y la teoría endosimbiotica
Grammar nitpick: Title should be either "Are the Mitochondria Always..." or "Is the Mitochondrion Always..."
*rewrites the kym page to say "the mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cells of aerobic eukaryotic organisms"*
Do the microorganisms have microorganisms of their own? Like smaller ones we can't even see?
Arguably, that's what viruses are.
Bacteriophage is a virus that attacks bacteria.
Yes! There are parasitic microorganisms that invade cells. A great example is Mycoplasma which is a tiny bacterium that lives in animal cells. It often contaminates cultures during research resulting in slightly abnormal behaviour of the animal cells leading the researcher to cry and revaluate their life.
Hank is a Kraken fan?
My brain just locked onto a minor issue and wouldn't let go when it was stated that microganrisms were "our invisible friends." They aren't really invisible but instead they are smaller than our normal perception is able to see. Wouldn't a better work be subvisable? If we talk about sounds we don't say that elephants make some noises that are silent, but that they make some sounds that are subsonic, to describe how they are lower than our ears can perceive them. In turn sounds too high for us to perceive are supersonic. Why does it seem that only when we talk about small things we might say invisible, when in fact they are just smaller than our organs of vision are able to perceive? I think I prefer subvisable as a much more accurate and descriptive term.
It's infra sound and ultra sound. But in your spirit, infra visible seems ok to me. (Supersonic means faster than the speed of sound, sub means lower than the speed of sound)
The given definition for invisible does say "not visible to the eye". So it doesn't necessarily mean something is never visible to anything, just to our eye. Not that they aren't real or don't happen because they're "invisible" to us. That's my take on it anyway but I see what you mean.
Except we do say infra and ultrasounds are inaudible.
I also never figured out how the DNA of the Mitochondria DNA gets transported to the Nuculse of the cell
6:15 - introvert with their extrovert friend
The exception proves the rule
I have a small suggestion for the editing team of Microcosmos team. Please show us the real time video first before showing the slowed down of sped up version of the slides.
I have a couple ideas.
I heard dish soap stays on dishes in some cases and we eat the residue. Could you wash dishes in various ways and check for soap residue after they dry?
Secondly, could you get two small things of milk. Both set to expire in 5+ days or so. One carton you open and pour out half the contents. The other you do not open. Keep both in the fridge until it's 24 hours past the expire date and check them both. Which would you rather drink?
Wait is this hank green?
Yes.
“Is the mitochondria the power house of the cell?”
Me with a condition that means my cells are constantly throwing away energy and causing chronic fatigue: Absolutely not, please roast those lazy buggers
I'm almost certain the mitochondria meme started with an episode of Sabrina the teenage witch.
Sorry I'm thinking of mitosis
6:30
Could Mitochondria exist in isolation, out of a cell?
Not the ones found in eukaryotes, they do not have enough DNA/organelles to do so
They do have free-living relatives tho
Mr Green, why won't you tell me if you ever met Mr Evel Knievel?
Unmmm at 7:15…. In the right half of the screen… what are all those????
How can mitosomes persist across generations without DNA?
El problema es creer que la mitocondria solo tiene como única función la energética.
Chloroplasts are the power house of the cell. 😃😃😃😃
(For plants)
I just want you guys to know that this channel serves to re-enforce my awareness of the extremely horrifying nature of life, and humanities extremely violent journey to the top of it. Every time I watch it, I have an existential crisis. Questions like:
- "Why are we made of cells working together"
This show answers with: "Because the concept of hell that humanity has known for all existence is actually the ancestral memory of the micro cosmos coded into our DNA"
- "Why do we fear death?"
This show answers with: "Because technically we have never experienced death since the beginning of life, but it is everywhere and it looks awful"
and my favorite
- "What is pain? Or to be more specific, can pain in the world be reduced. Can it be measured."
This show answers with: "All around you, at any point in time, is pain beyond measuring. Pain so horrendous, it is at its core, the existential dread of life of the organisms pattern itself screaming in protest over its own destruction. Since at no point in the existence of your cells, have any of them ever experienced death, the pain your experiencing is a multimillion year scream of horror. And its happening everywhere, all of the time. So no. Pain can not be measured, increased or reduced. Because every creatures death is technically an infinite pain. Just because you cant hear it screaming, doesnt mean it wouldnt if it could. Do not seek to reduce pain, but to make the pain have value."
That last one I came up with when I saw that organism that punched a hole into the other and sucked out its insides.
I do not begrudge the darker parts of our nature at all anymore, after seeing where we came from. It was necessary. I cant even watch the videos anymore, even though they are fascinating. The calm detached voice makes it worse somehow.
Slowed down 400%? If you slow something down by 50%, it is at half speed. If you slow it down 100%, it is at a stop. How do you slow something down 400%? If what is shown is at 1/4 speed... well, then it's been slowed down 75%.
Think about it like this, when something gets slowed by a % it can be thought of "needing this many extra seconds to show what happens in 1 second.
So a slowing of 50% would mean the footage requires 1.5 seconds to show what normally happens in 1 second. A slowing of 400% would then require 5 seconds to show what normally takes 1 second.
A bit confusing but it makes sense when viewed from this perspective.
Yeah, that's probably what they meant, @@WallaWaller. But it's just another manifestation of the dumbing down of fraction. Instead of someone saying "one forth as large", they typically say "four times smaller" today. I hate it.
Wouldn't a "don't know theory" be more productive in trying to understand cells, since we continually get it wrong trying to link it with the theory we have. ....from Ireland.
If you continue to say "we dont know" you wont know what to look for or what part of a process to even investigate. This "best guess" is a result of hundreds and thousands of hours of work done by many passionate and brilliant people.
@@olekkowalewski8530 Agree, except they have the same theory now for 150 years to explain everything which they admit doesn't explain what they are seeing. Doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results is not good. I mean if they said our theory might be wrong and admitted what they are seeing is crazy and amazing, they might begin to develop some new ideas on their approach. Someone suggested using engineering principles to understand the cells. Not using history, of "a long long time ago, far away" but looking for something immediate, happening right now, maybe quantum mechanics or the universe having an intelligence which we are only barely beginning to scratch of surface of. It doesn't matter how brilliant the people are if they are tied to a script which doesn't let them see beyond it.
Missletoe's lack of functioning mitochondria is weird.
They look like little soot spiders!
isnt it more likely that archezoa are actually mitochondria and vice versa but develop accordingly depending on the environment?
Do you mean to say that they are closely related to modern mitochrondria? Basically their cousins that didn't undergo endosymbiosis? Mitochondria originated from a bacterium. Meanwhile the archezoa are clearly eukaryotes, with their 80 S ribosomes, nucleus, ER, etc. So that can't be the case.
@@lunkel8108Archea are a seperate part of prokariotes not eukariotes even though some of them have structures that are basically a nucleus.
@@olekkowalewski8530 I am aware of what archea are. My comment and the video are about archezoa. Archezoa and archea are completely different things.
@@lunkel8108 You're right i misread your comment. Reading comprehenshion apparently not something I am aware of...
So … what if you transplanted mitochondria into them?
am i hearing hank green?
Is the use of "powerhouse" in the literal sense familiar to native English speaking kids nowadays? Does anyone actually still use that instead of "power plant/station" to refer to industrial facilities where electricity is generated?
For the longest time, I only knew the metaphorical meaning (e.g. "China has become an economic powerhouse."), so the "powerhouse of the cell" sounded even less helpful...
(In my school in Germany, we learned that ATP is the energy currency within the cell, so other, more unwieldy forms of energy like glucose have to be exchanged into it.)
Good question. The word powerhouse is not used in regular English except in stereotyped phrases, and as a dead metaphorslike China being a powerhouse.
Symbiosis IO
find out corona vir looks like..
i wanna see that..