The Contra Armada, the Spanish revenge that England hid the greatest disaster of the English Armada, greater than that of the Invincible Armada, is an unknown episode. in 1589, a year after the disaster of the Great Armada of Felipe II, England assembled a fleet even larger than the Spanish one and that was defeated in the Spanish ports. It is known as the Contra Armada and it was disastrous for English interests. But England managed to hide the shameful retreat, in which 20,000 men died, for centuries. However, the story that has remained and permeated in the popular cultural heritage is that after the Invincible Armada the fall of the Spanish Empire began, nothing is further from reality.
They had a whole team of people, modern equipment and measuring, they were on stable land and not under any fire or pressure whatsoever and they still couldn't hit a wall straight in front of them with a cannon ball. The Elizabethan sailors would be tearing their hair out watching the 'experts' of our era. The Elizabethan sailors were using this extremely heavy, dangerous equipment, on wooden ships, on waves, in choppy weather, trying to hit a moving target that was bobbing up and down and firing back at them. They did well to land the shots that they did.
So, what you're saying is that the people who invented and practised with the equipment did well, and the people who had never seen it before and didn't know what they were doing with it did poorly. Makes sense to me. Don't assume people living back then weren't extremely intelligent. We haven't somehow gotten smarter as a species.
@@robr177 You are projecting. You are the one making assumptions, I just stated the facts. The Elizabethan sailors had far more to disadvantage them yet they still did way better than a whole load of 'experts' who were on stable land, with no time pressures, nobody attacking them, no bad weather, a huge stationary target that was directly in front of them, all modern equipment helping them aim and analyse the trajectory etc. and they still couldn't hit a massive stationary target.
I'm saying the Elizabethan sailors were essentially the ones who invented the cannon and practised with it and were very familiar with how it worked. So, of course they would do better than people who had never seen it before. This video is basically showing them practising with it. I'd be curious to see the sailors practising, and how well that went. @@rl7012
@@robr177 'Don't assume people living back then weren't extremely intelligent. We haven't somehow gotten smarter as a species.' I am baffled by this part of your comment. My take is clear that the Elizabethan sailors were far superior to the 'experts' of today. And it is obvious people are not smarter now than they were in the past, if anything the human species has got thicker. A lot, lot, thicker. And a lot more irrational and assumptive. People in the past seem to be way more intelligent than people are today.
The gun isnt stable enough . The powder ignites . The gun jumps before the ball gets all the way out the barrel. Secure the gun better and you'll have better results
Apparently the gun was originally set too low the cannon was hitting the ground and going over the target. Amazing really because that showed exactly why the English were ineffective at long range and running out of ammo. At close range they caused enormous damage to the Spanish Armada and while out shooting the Spanish, still had trouble sinking them. The Medina Sidonia flag ship suffered 200 hits during the battle, but kept sailing. Guess the old sailors were better shots despite not knowing Newtonian physics. Amazing one expert reckons we need to go down 4 metres on ground level, start diggingpoint higher falling short.
They rolled back onto ramps and the weight of the cannon falling back down rolled it back I yo firing position after each shot... Securing it is tricky you gotta have some give . The ramps were the best solution . Until ordinance got lighter over time .
Instead of showing them going over the top it would have been better to see damage caused from many different angles ect. But a very well made documentary
I'm a descendant of one of the Spanish sailors that washed up, on the shore, the way my great grandfather who was quite proud of his Irish heritage tells it, the locals where willing to hide them because they hated the English to, and over time some of the Spanish sailors and Irish women had children together, and their children where called Black Irish, because they were probably the only Irish with darker skin
@@cherylmarcuri5506 honestly I didn't know any black Irish, like of Spanish decent still existed, I'd always been told that they assimilated into the local Irish population, if there are some still out there that's pretty cool
Could you add one more thing? When the Spanish Armada tried to attack England, many unwilling to fight Portuguese sailors were among those Spanish and Portuguese ships. Philip II had taken the Portuguese court by inheriting his father's Spanish Empire in 1556 and succeeded to the Portuguese throne in 1580 following a dynastic crisis. The death (August 1578) without heirs of his nephew, King Sebastian of Portugal, opened up the prospect of Philip's succession to Portugal. He had to conquer (1580) what he regarded as his just, hereditary rights by force, but the rest of Europe was alarmed at this growth in Spanish power. The reason why Portuguese sailors were unwilling to fight against the English was because of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. It is the world's oldest alliance in known history, established by the Treaty of Windsor in 1386. The Portuguese and English alliance was signed on May 19, 1386, between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Portugal, that remains until today and future.
They have a 'ballistics expert' and they haven't a clue. With the cannon horizontal at zero elevation the shot can only go down, it's basic Newtonian physics yet these people don't understand that. all arts graduates no doubt. lol.
But the shots were going too high. As someone who shoots Black Powder Rifles and muskets, I find that it is neccessary to aim low at point blank, as the kind of recoil Black Powder generates makes the muzzle of the weapon rise on discharge of the missile. The recoil generated by Black Powder (traditional gunpowder) is slighty more gradual than that caused by modern smokeless powder, giving the muzzle time to slightly rise before expulsion of the projectile. Thus, for example, at point blank range (50 yards for a musket, 200 for a cannon) it is necessary to slightly depress the aim, rather than aim horizontally. In the Napoleonic and American civil wars, musketeers and riflemen were told to aim at the knees of the enemy in order to score a hit centre mass. But fundamentally you are right - a 'ballistics expert' should have known this.
@@christophereastman9199 Usually the powder is loaded in a linen cartridge which keeps the powder in place in much the same way as a metallic cartridge would.
Nope, a .270 rifle sighted in at 200 yards, will shoot 2” high at 100 yards. That is the same concept with any rifle, which will shoot high at closer ranges when sighted at farther ranges… My black powder rifles are the same… but you’re right their “expert” hasn’t a clue…
Im pretty sure the beacons were built and ignited at the advent of year 2000. It was not a success. Many never saw the fire telling them to light theirs so waited then lit their one, but again the hoped for domino effect didnt trigger.
In 1588 Spain was invading Germany. That is why southern Germany and the Palatinate are Catholic today, with the tallest cathedral in the world in Cologne In 1589 Spain destroyed Drake's invincible fleet, sinking 60-80 English ships. Elisabeth was so angry that she condemned Drake to be a lighthouse keeper in the port. In 1590 Spain invaded Paris. That is why France accepted Catholicism as its official religion. At that time Spain was in the Netherlands. Today Belgium and Luxembourg are Catholic. And in Italy, Catholic. But maybe Elisabeth's prayers were effective for England!!
Quite interesting, particularly the portion dealing with the currents that led the Armada onto the rocks of western Ireland and Scotland. As for the gunnery portion, a crucial bit of information was ignored here. The Spanish had cannon, and quite effective they might have been, however the English used cannon trucks with four wheels where the Spanish did not. This allowed the English, who carried few or no soldiers aboard, to use gun crews to simply pull back the cannon to reload, while the Spanish were compelled to use their soldiers to drag back the carriages after each shot, then reload, then send the soldiers back to muster on the decks. Consequently, the English could maintain a rate of fire of four to six more shots to each Spanish shot, which mattered far more then the effectiveness of any single weapon such as a culverin. Had the Spanish been able to employ the huge guns typically carried low in the stern, they might have devastated any English ship, but the English of course gave them no opportunity for such close action. In any case, an interesting video.
The Spanish navigators had been traveling the seas for a century, they knew what they were doing, the explication of the current is logical, but we must not forget that those that crashed into de coast were unmanegeable cargo ships, and that de war galleons practivally all returned.
On a visit to the west coast of Ireland we met locals with dark eyes and dark hair, not the expected Irish look. Ireland is a friendly place so we chatted. They said they proudly traced their ancestry to survivors of the Spanish Armada.
My father's ancestry is from Cornwall. There is a darker skin tone in us and it is often said there were Spanish ancestors from the Armada. I may have got that from my mother's side too but my father was always well tanned.
Virtually none survived the armada in Ireland, the dark eyea and complexion you speak of predates any Spanish sailors, our ancient dna is the same of those people in the basque country and it's most pure on the west coast of Ireland
That is indeed modern science (in some respects). That is how we end up with totally bogus theories, such as man made climate change. You can produce any result you want if you fiddle with the statistics and variables which will produce the result you desire.
"the ships logs give us a record of the weather conditions, and using this we can create maps of what the weather was like, which in turn tell us what the weather conditions we like ".
@@GuitarRyder11 i think it was more about filmmakers overexcited about [what was then] cutting edge CGI which they didn't understand and which didn't provide any insight or information which couldn't be garnered from 500 year old written accounts
But the point is that with modern knowledge of weather patterns (high and low pressure cells) you can fill in the gaps and know what the weather was like even in places where it wasn’t documented thereby get much better picture.
Abt 1/2 way point, the oak plank target the gun is tested on shown to be 1 plank thick; the sp. Ships, especially the large galleys- those hull would have been multiple layers of planking thick-
@@mburland 1.2 million oak trees? Having toured Victoria many times, I very much doubt that. In fact, I've just Googled it and it was supposedly 6,000 oak trees, not 60,000 as you disputed. Have you actually seen Victory? Compared to HMS Warrior nearby, it looks tiny.
the Dreadnaught was the fastest ship in the English Fleet and it was captained by Sir George Beeston, who was the oldest captain of the fleet at 69 years old.
I had an Auntie who is decended from one of the Spanish sailors who must have been washed ashore on the coast of England her family name was Poad that was really pronounced Po'ade she would have been born about 1910 and she still had distinctive Spanish features as did her brother both dark and also her nephew .
As documentaries go, this was like watching paint dry tbh, the only exciting part was the FPS of the badly aimed cannon, which was surprising,,they could have at least tried to hit the woodwork to show the effect of what a canon ball can do.
Something absolutely historical that we should remember. In 1588 , the French refused access to their ports to the invincible armada which forced the Spanish fleet to make the whole journey without being able to resupply before, during and after the battle. The surviving Spanish ships had to bypass Britain and some of them sank in Ireland.
TRUE. In 1588 Spain was invading Germany. That is why southern Germany and the German Palatinate are Catholic today. England is an island In 1589, Spain took revenge, destroying Drake's invincible English fleet. We captured or sank 80 ships (without storms). Elisabeth condemned Drake to be a lighthouse keeper. When she forgave him, Spain defeated Drake 5 times in the Caribbean, and he died there with his cousin Hawkings. In 1590 Spain invades Paris, forcing France to accept Catholicism as its official religion.
@@Gloriaimperial1 Your history is a little off. Spain did not invade Paris, they relieved it from being sieged by Henry IV. He converted to Catholicism (making a joke of it and not taking it seriously) and then signed the edict of Nantes which gave protestants equal rights in law. Also it is funny to me how the English fleet was known as 'Invencible Inglesa' in Spanish but just the 'English armada' in England lol. It was half the size of the Spanish armada and made up of half broken ships that survived the defence. It was also a private company adventure from both English and the Dutch and not funded by the English Royalty which also never received one third of its ships. A strange thing to call Invincible but I think that is only because of the initial defeat Spain suffered.
@@richbob9155 We entered Paris, breaking the French blockade and saving the capital. And Protestant France, supported by Protestant Germans, English and Dutch, had to accept the Catholic religion. The occupation of Paris to help the Catholics is only one chapter, but it represents the power of Spain, while the British are selling that Spain was defeated in 1588. These French religious wars lasted 25 years. Spain invaded parts of France several times, from 1554, when we defeated France on its territory (that is why the Escorial monastery in Madrid was built to commemorate that victory) to 1636, when we invaded northern France, threatening Paris. Before that, in 1525, we had already taken the King of France and the Dauphin as prisoners to Madrid. We won 7 wars against France in Italy, occupying Rome twice, because the Pope at that time became a French ally, so he was captured. France changed and persecuted the Protestants throughout the 17th century, almost eliminating them or making them residual. Give Drake's English fleet whatever name you want. The reality is that the Spanish empire remained the world's first empire until Napoleon's invasion of continental Europe in 1808-1815. Only the islands were saved from the catastrophe. France itself was destroyed. That is why the United Kingdom was able to build a significant empire from 1815 onwards. Like Japan, another island, it was saved from the invasions of the Mongol empire and European colonialism, and was able to have stability and an empire in the 20th century. We never called the Spanish fleet that attacked England invincible. That is another British myth. If we had lost 30-40 ships in battle (we only lost 6 in battle) we would not have sent two other fleets of more than 130 ships, in 1596 and 1597, also stopped by storms, without the Royal Navy detecting them. And another invasion fleet in 1718, in Scotland, also stopped by storms. Although in 1597 and 1718 600 soldiers landed on the British Isles, out of 20,000. Spain destroyed 60-80 English ships in 1589, and Elisabeth condemned Drake to be a lighthouse keeper at the port. She later pardoned him, he lost 5 battles in the Spanish Caribbean and died, so the Spanish power did not even flinch by 1588, as the British say. In 1625 we defeated England and Holland at Cadiz, sinking 62 ships. In 1625 we defeated the French fleet in the Mediterranean, and occupied Genoa. In 1625 we defeated the Dutch in Puerto Rico, Brazil and the Philippines. That same year of 1625 we defeated the English, Dutch and Danes at Breda, Holland (hence the famous painting by Velázquez, "The Surrender of Breda"). In 1739-48 we sank or captured 400 British ships in all seas, winning the War of Jenkins' Ear. I believe it was not just a private enterprise. The British achieved many victories too. I do not intend to erase the history of other countries. But there are myths created by other countries that are based on lies amplified by the cinema.
Or the scuttling of ships in the channel by Dutch which blocked the rest of the Spanish fleet from meeting up with main flotilla. The Dutch were long time adversaries with the English, but found themselves on the same side of fate against the Spanish. Since if the isles of Britan fell it would only be a short matter of time.
The Dutch were long term alluesyif England apart from a few decades when England tried to take advantage of the Dutch when they were busy fighting the french@@dananorth895
Still recall my 5th grade history test: "Who defeated The Spanish Armada?" EDIT: So it was *_not_* the English? The Spanish were defeated by the North Atlantic Drift, the Gulfstream that raked them against the jagged west coasts of Scotland and Ireland. Interesting programme.
Of course the English had superior computers which had designed a much better ship. And of course they knew that the weather was about to change and the sea currents would carry the Spaniards to their destruction . But we managed to bumble through, as usual. We (the English) had better guns but, as shown, we didn't know how to fire them properly. I suppose the 200 hits on the Spanish flagship was caused by friendly fire, but wait... the Americans weren't involved so that theory is defenestrated. This all proves that God was on the right side and he is English (as was).
@caroldelaney4700 Nature did more than just help. God did not want to force himself on anyone. An interesting historical note is that after the loss Phillip II had masses celebrated throughout his kingdom in Thanksgiving, God's will be done.
Longitude was unknown. More than two centuries later the Royal Navy lost 5,000 sailors when four ships crashed into the Silly Islands in the English Channel. This disaster triggered the competition to create a ship clock for navigation.
There is never talk of Queen Elizabeth's counter-soul...why? English Invincible or Counterarmada or Drake-Norreys Expedition was an invasion fleet sent against the Hispanic Monarchy by Queen Elizabeth I of England in the spring of 1589, within the framework of the operations of the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585-1604. The Anglo-Saxons refer to it as the English Armada, Counter Armada or Drake-Norris Expedition. This last name is due to the fact that the expedition was commanded by Francis Drake, who served as admiral of the fleet, and by John Norreys as general of the landing troops. The intention of this invasion force was to take advantage of the strategic advantage obtained over Spain after the failure of the Grande y Felicísima Armada sent by Philip II against England the previous year. The English objectives were three.8 The first and fundamental was to destroy the bulk of the remains of the Grande y Felicísima Armada, which were under repair in the ports of the Cantabrian coast, mainly in Santander. The second objective was to take Lisbon and enthrone the prior of Crato, Antonio de Crato, claimant to the Portuguese Crown and cousin of Philip II, who was traveling with the expedition. Crato had signed secret clauses with Elizabeth I by which, in exchange for English help, he offered her five million gold ducats and an annual tribute of 300,000 ducats. He also offered to hand over the main Portuguese castles to England and maintain the English garrison at the expense of Portugal. He also promised to give fifteen payments to the English infantry and allow Lisbon to be sacked for twelve days, provided that the property and lives of the Portuguese were respected and the looting was limited to the population and property of others. La Coruña: 3 galeones1 1 nao1 2 galeras1 1500 hombres1 Lisboa: 27 galeras2 5200 hombres total muertos-900-españoles.. Francis Drake Robert Devereux John Norreys Walter Raleigh...6 galeones reales4 60 mercantes armados4 60 filibotes4 20 pinazas Varias decenas de barcazas y lanchas Total: 1505-2006 naves 23 375 hombres (((bajas....24 de abril: 20 soldados muertos4 6 de mayo: unos 1000 soldados muertos4 Total: 80004-15 0007 muertos (2000 en combate)4 40-80 buques hundidos----
What is forgotten there were over 10 attempts, not just the famous 1588 attempt, by the Spanish to invade England, the last was in 1601 when a Spanish Fleet was defeated by the English in the Battle of Kinsale. Very few English ships were actually English Navy but were owned by Privateers such as Drake and Raleigh, the leader of the English Fleet was Martin Frobisher. Privateers were ships and crews who were contracted by Heads of State such as Queen Elizabeth 1st to harry her enemies, any gains were shared our with the Sponsor and crew. Most of the Spanish Treasure was Silver which came from a mountain in Argentina (Argente is Latin for Silver). The Privateers were made illegal by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1715 so they became Pirates.
There are actually 14 invasion inventions, or invasions. The Spanish touched English soil 10 of those times. The English Royal Navy only heard of the invasion fleet in 1588 and 1805. 1374. Spanish invasion of southern England 1376 Invasion of southern England 1378 Invasion of southern England 1380-81 Invasion of southern England 1411 Invasion of southern England 1554 Philip II arrives with a fleet in England, and becomes king of England and Ireland, upon marrying Mary Tudor (half-Spanish queen of England) 1595 Spanish attack on southern England 1588 Invincible Armada, stopped by a storm and English fleet 1596 Invincible Armada II, stopped by a storm 1597 Invincible Armada III, stopped by a storm, but there is a Spanish landing of 500 soldiers, in England 1601 Invasion of Ireland 1718 Spanish invasion fleet to Scotland, stopped by a storm, although 600 Spanish soldiers disembark 1779-82. Spanish blockade of the United Kingdom. Capture of two British fleets of 24 and 55 ships (including 39 British war frigates). Collapse of the London stock market. Spain gives the Spanish silver dollar and independence to the USA The objective was the invasion of the United Kingdom, but the French allies were not prepared. 1805. Admiral Villenueve, head of the combined fleet of Spain and France, outwits Nelson in the South Atlantic, but is frightened when he reaches the French coast, where 150,000 of Napoleon's soldiers are waiting to be escorted, as you know, to cross into the Kingdom. United. Villenueve makes another mistake by locking himself in Cádiz, to the south. And then a third mistake when taking out the ships at Trafalgar, when a storm was coming, which after the battle caused a lot of damage to the British as well. Drake and his cousin Hawkings died in the Spanish Caribbean, after five defeats in 1595-96, plus Drake's defeat in 1589, losing the invincible English fleet 80 ships. Raleigh was hanged by England in 1618, at the request of Spain, for attacking Spanish ships. Of 1,200 voyages of the Spanish Indies Fleet in 250 years, between America-Europe and Europe-America, the English captured 2 fleets (in port, without prior declaration of war, 17th century). Two catches from Holland. 4 shipwrecks. Spanish fleet success of 99.75% Spain also had privateers. In the War of Jenkins' Ear (1739-1748) Spain captured more than 400 British merchant and military ships in the Atlantic and Caribbean. 100 Spanish ships captured. 70% of the gold, silver and trade in Spanish America stayed in America to build a Western civilization. 80% in the 18th century. 20-30% is distributed among the Spanish NATO in Italy (457 years) the Spanish hegemony in Europe between 1500-1650, but in Belgium until 1713 and in Italy until 1759, and to fill Asia with silver, changing the Chinese currency. In 1842, Hong Kong accepted the Spanish silver coin as currency, which angered the British. Mexico and Peru (the major producers of gold and silver) produce more gold and silver each year of the 21st century than the Spanish empire did in 100 years.
And they couldn't measure the longitude accurately. That is to say, how far east or west. They could use the sextant for accurate measurement of how far north or south. There is a very good book about this called Longitude. It is the story of John Harrison, a gifted clockmaker who invented a clock, a chronometer, which would tell accurate time at sea. This is how the problem of finding the Longitude was solved.....in the 18th century.
The YT videos on the Harrison clocks (actually chronometers) and their development are brilliant. The 3 earliest versions with wooden (lignum vitae) bearings need no lubrication and have been running continuously since the mid-1700s. Truly amazing. The later versions with metal bearings are not running because of the need for lubricants which would require disassembly and servicing. They are truly remarkable though they weigh several tens of kilogrammes, but he got the accuracy down to +/- one or two seconds a month.
Was there time to finish the game and still beat the Spaniards? I used to keep an engineless yacht moored at the mouth of The Cattewater, river Plym, where the English fleet were moored awaiting the Spanish Armada. While planning a painting, I'm a marine Artist as you can see via my website, I checked with the help of Plymouth Uni Planetarium, the state of the moon (thus the tides) for the day and time the Armada was sighted. Accounts written by those present tell us there was a calm that day in Plymouth and the Uni Planetarium staff confirmed a flood tide. From my own considerable experiences with my yacht moored there I can assure you there is no way that in light airs with a flood tide that an engineless vessel can leave The Cattewater. There was time to finish the game and Drake knew that.
ARE THEY CZcams KIDDING US WITH THESE INTRUSIVE COMMERCIALS THERES GOT TO BE ANOTHER SIMILAR SITE WITH OUT THESE COMMERCIALS........... HEY GUYS UP THERE WERE NOT GOING TO BUY ANYOF IT ANYWAY
Almost worthless if you don't already know a bit about what happened. The glaring omission is how it ended without ever saying what happened to the Spanish who got shipwrecked. Did they live? The documentary says ships were torn to pieces on rocks, but does that mean that few or no Spanish made it ashore? Also, as an engineer who understands that computer model results are wholly dependent on the assumptions you put into it, I'm more than skeptical of the results. Topping it all off is how they get viewers excited to see them fire a canon at a large wooden target, but then can't ever hit the thing. Why include the footage in the first place? Can you imagine a mainstream and high budget production just giving up and not ever hitting the actual target?
- Well said! Pure Academics can rarely understand "Real Events" - not a sailor myself but what about the Pitch and yaw of a ship at sea - "old hands" would know how to time the shot so that at a certain moment ,the barrell of the gun would be in "just the right angle" when ignition took place!!! There are never any studies done on the gruelling hard work done by all the trades needed to physically build such vessels!!! As an ex carpenter and Timber Frame Housebuilder in a pioneering Family Business in the mid 1960's using hand tools to cut, drill and rip heavy timber before machine tools were introduced and in all weather's, the daily effort at times especially in frost and snow on a roof was incredible! So ship builders in those days must have had an extra hard time! Get two ofthses "presenters" one in a trench one above sawing a seasoned log into planks!!!! all day, six days a week for months!!!!How about the creation of rigging - spinning and twisting sisal into huge ropes - in a long yard that is tough work!!!
I think they were making a point. Not trying to be best gun crew in world The point is that the English ships did little damage to the Spanish ships before the fire ships were used.
Thank You for making this study. Humans have been fighting against human nature, Mother's Earth nature, water nature, universal nature of the human Spirit and we now witness the consequences of insanity fighting against the evidences of our human universal sovereign divine existence. Peace, Plenitude, Unity, Liberation of the Noble Soul of the Peaceful Civilization.
What a wonderful detailed explanation especially by the meteorologist, thank you. The armada was also knit of supplies and apparently sickness was rife
My ancestor came to the American Colonies from the Netherlands in 1649 a mere 61 years later and I'm certain it had something to do with Spain losing control over most of the Netherlands at that time. The Hollanders were big sailors and Merchants. I did find a book(yes books are best) on the Dutch during the 17th century that's was quite informative. Does anyone know anything about the dutch at this time?
The peace of Westphalia brought the 80 years war to an end in 1648. This period is part of the Dutch golden age and renaissance in art, culture, trade, finance and colonialism. They mostly looked east though, establishing trade through the East Indies and becoming the only European country allowed to trade with Japan. The islands of Indonesia were essentially a Dutch colony up until WWII. But the growth of the British east India company and conflict with Britain curtailed the Dutch monopolies and put an end to the Dutch golden age. By the mid 1700’s the British east India company accounted for half the world’s trade. Whereas previously that the Dutch east India company had dwarfed its rivals.
I think it was the Dutch Republic at that time, was it not? Still mostly Germanic people. It didn't become The Netherlands until after Napoleon was defeated. I think around the early 1800s. I believe the Spanish Netherlands was what is now Belgium and Luxembourgh.
Salty-Sea-Nerds in Labcoats with Canons: 0 Stationary Wooden Wall: 0 Mighty Forklift of Doom: 1 Therefore, the English Navy should have used floating forklifts to defeat the Spanish and someone should send the alpha-nerd on the wall a rescue helicopter before he humpty dumpties even worse than their canon field test. I would be shocked if Stockholm isn't on the phone soon buzzing about a Noble prize in the near future based on the extraordinary results achieved on that field. Bravo Brits; keep it up. You're nearly back on top again!
Whatever Paco. Direct us to your YT channel on exercise in 16th century naval artillery and perhaps your comment will be deemed valid. Otherwise, you’re just an armchair artillery man.
I'm surprised the Spanish didn't try an invasion on the east coast of England. The 17th century Dutch navy sailed into the Thames as far as Deptford and caused tremendous damage to British ships anchored there and escaped with impunity. Or they might have tried the River Humber or the Tyne...
That was the Spanish plan but the army in Flanders didn't have anywhere near enough ships. The Armada had to come up the Channel or make the far more dangerous journey round the North of Scotland. They had to come from Spain so ir was the Channel or Scotland. The Armada was to pick up the army in Flanders and then invade up the Thames Estuary picking a suitable landing place. The Isle of Thanet would have been no good because West of the Isle of Thanet was bog. It is called the ISLE of Thanet for a reason even though the SE of England has sunk more than 3 ft into the Earth since then (isostatic settlement).
The spanish army needed the spanish navy as escorts. The spanish navy was getting blown into the north sea with only protestant countries to their east with holland and england so nowhere to resupply. Thats why they tried going around britain and got wrecked on the way.
The Spanish navy lacked the ability that the Dutch two hundred years later had: the Dutch could sail much, much closer to the wind, and additionally, their ships were made for shallow water and they knew the Channel intimately.
@@marcmelvin3010 Spain destroyed Drake's fleet in 1589, sinking 80 ships. The entire 17th century is full of Spanish fleets defeating Dutch fleets, as in 1625 in Brazil, or 1627, 1631, also English, German, French, Venetian and Turkish, in all seas (Mediterranean, English Channel, Atlantic, Caribbean and Pacific). We also had defeats, of course. The Spanish ships of 1588 had the problem of carrying many troops, horses and land artillery, and of losing as admiral Álvaro de Bazán, the best sailor of the 16th century, who never lost a battle, and died a year before this battle. , in 1587. That is why in 1589, freed from that burden, the Spanish defeated the English and Dutch ships very easily.
Absolutely amazing history and presentation! Thank you so much for making and sharing this information and recreation of what most likely happened to the famous Spanish Armada.
Final forging of the barrel with an added twist ,concentrated the overall straightness of the barrel and also integral strength, nothing to do with rifling of the internal bore of the cannon , I do believe.
The ship you described was designed by a Dutchman (Liorne), called "Fluitschip". It could carry much more freight then usual, with half the crew. Pirates could hardly catch it because the deck was far away from the bulky ship on sealevel. Holland used it for 2 centuries.
My opinion split down the middle, was the type of ambition in the King of Spain, that was willing to deforest Spain, still unrecovered from building The Spanish Armada. My mother taught me that before, a squirrel was able to cross Spain through the trees, and after building The Armada, no more. My mother was very well educated, including spiritually, in her French language Catholic nuns all girls school in Madrid Spain. It was an elite girls school, including morally elite. What Spain was supposed to be about during especially the beginning of The Franco leadership conservative traditional values right wing. It was all about a people and nation historically and culturally worth saving, patriotic uplifting Spain after the darkness of a Civil War and WWII. That's why logically taught and learned to critically think. "Those who don't know history, are doomed to repeat it".
Fast immer geht es un Wirklichkeit um materielle Werte und den Erhalt von Privilegien der Herrschenden . Diese bedienten sich früher immer des Patriotismus und Konservatismus. Heute in der Zeit der Globalisierung will das Großkapital Nationalstaaten und ihre Gesetze loswerden und die Menschen durch Entwurzelung beherrschen. Daher benutzt es heute mehr die Progressiven.
At the beginning of the presentation the narrator shows diagrams of the superior hull design that the English were now employing. That opens the question; why didn't the use such ships in the counter armada of 1589 where it ultimately cost them ~40 ships and a complete rout?
Well, the English and British had very good cannons. But Spain also had good artillery. In 1588 Spain invades Germany, with many cannons. That is why Germany and the Palatinate is Catholic today. In 1589 Spain destroys Drake's invincible English fleet, sinking 60-80 ships, without storms. Elisabeth condemns Drake to be a lighthouse keeper Drake loses 5 battles in the Caribbean and dies in 1596 In 1590 Spain invades Paris, with many cannons. That is why France is Catholic. Maybe England was an island. 1625. Spain destroys 62 ships of the English and Dutch fleet in Cádiz 1629 Destruction of the combined fleet of France and England in the Caribbean. Spain captures 400 British ships in the War of Jenkins' Ear 1739-48, a war we won. 50 British ships destroyed at the Battle of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 1741. Spanish blockade of the United Kingdom in 1779-82, capturing two British fleets of 24 and 55 ships (39 war frigates) The Spanish tiger cannon destroys Nelson's arm in Tenerife 1797 Another English fleet loses in Puerto Rico 1797.
Longitude was mostly guesswork until the invention of the chronometer in a 1760s and began being widely used in the 1770s. The English knew it was possible to determine longitude somehow so they set up 3 rewards in the 1720s for anybody that could determine longitude with a certain accuracy. Part of that story is what happened to Spanish fleets and other voyagers in times past.
You're right. But the important thing about past history is to know it. The British invented the chronometer in 1720, and the Spanish captured 400 British ships in the War of Jenkins' Ear 1739-48, which we won. 100 Spanish ships captured. In Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 1741, we again sank 50 British ships. And in 1779-82 Spain made a naval blockade of the United Kingdom, capturing two British fleets of 24 and 55 ships (39 war frigates). The Spanish Tiger Gun tore off Nelson's Arm in 1797, in Tenerife, Canarias, and another British fleet was defeated at Puerto Rico in 1797. In 1372 we destroyed 48 English ships at La Rochelle, France. 0 Spanish ships sunk 1377-1411. 5 Spanish invasions of southern England 1589. 60-80 English ships destroyed, from Drake's invincible fleet. Elisabeth condemns Drake to be a lighthouse keeper 1625. 62 English and Dutch ships sunk in Cádiz 1629. Destruction of the English and French fleet in the Caribbean... The English invented the chronometer, and the Spanish invented the patented steam engine, which drew water from mines for the first time, 150 years before Watts. It was invented by the Spanish Ayanz in the 16th century.
On the target practice, they should have started at close range which would have indicated where the shot was going. Having determined the above, lengthened the range.
They should have had someone who knew about black poweder, ballistic coefficients, trig, etc. An master artilleryman could have figured it out but it might have taken some time and $$. They probably did not want a cannon ball bouncing the ground to the target for the first shot. The humidity would have an effect. I would first use a 60 Cal flintlock for placement/analysis. The math to figure it out is above me.
The Scottish Navy sank several Spanish ships of the Armada off the Scottish Northern Sea both Eastern lying and westerly lines.This is ignored by the English historians.
Here in Kansas, I learn of the English penchant for many types of innovation in their ships that fought the Armada. Its like the creative and organized thinking I have seen in my English relatives.
English victory in 1588. But England was also an island. And Spain also made many innovations in every sense. In 1588 Spain was invading Germany. That is why southern Germany and the Palatinate is Catholic In 1589 Spain defeats Drake's invincible English fleet, sinking 80 ships. Elisabeth condemns Drake to be a lighthouse keeper In 1590 Spain invades Paris. That is why France had to accept Catholicism as its official religion. British innovations were only effective after the Napoleonic Wars, 1815, when all of continental Europe was destroyed. -1625. Spain destroys 62 ships of the combined fleet of Inglerra and Holland in Cádiz -1629. Spain defeats the combined fleet of England and France, expelling them from the Spanish Caribbean -1726 Spain captures hundreds of British ships in the Caribbean and Atlantic -1741. Cartagena de Indias. Spain destroys 50 Royal Navy ships -1739-48. Jenkins Ear War. Spain captures 400 British merchant and military ships in the Spanish Atlantic and Caribbean. The British capture approximately 100 Spanish ships. -1779-82. Naval blockade of England. Spain captures two British fleets of 24 and 55 ships (including 39 war frigates) full of soldiers, weapons and money for the war in the 13 colonies and India. London stock market crash. Spain gives the 8 real or Spanish dollar to the USA. It is also the mother currency of China and Japan Spain expels the British from Florida, Louisiana, Central America, Bahamas, Uruguay and Menorca -1797. Nelson loses 3 battles in Cádiz, Central America and Tenerife, where he is taken prisoner. Another British invasion fleet is defeated at Tenerife that year. The British win in Cádiz 1596, Jamaica (17th century), Cabo Passaro 1718, Gibraltar 1782, Cape San Vicente 1797, Trinidad and Tobago 1797 and Trafalgar 1805. Spain wins in Argentina and Uruguay 1806-07, capturing the redcoats and British admirals In 300 years of war, the British only capture 2 Indian fleets, out of 1200 Spanish fleets, 1 out of 400 parts of the Spanish empire. Spain also improved ships. In addition, Spain had already invaded southern England 3 times in 1377, 1380-81 and 1411. Plus the defeat of the English fleet at Rochelle in 1372, 48 English ships sunk. 0 Spanish ships sunk. Philip II of Spain arrived in England with a fleet in 1554 and became king of England, upon marrying Mary Tudor, half-Spanish queen of England. Spain sent another 3 massive invasion fleets to the British Isles, with over 130 ships in 1596, 1597 and 1718. All 3 were stopped by storms. Although 500 and 600 soldiers reached the coast, out of 20,000 soldiers planned. Another Spanish operation also arrived in 1595.
There is no mention specifically of English ships like " The Temeraire" that despite being smaller than Spanish galleons had crew with the bravery to out gun the galleons. As the galleons masts were targeted those galleons became vulnerable to weather and sea currents. HMS Temeraire was a 98-gun second-rate ship of the line of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy. Launched in 1798. Her sailors fought for Queen and country. Never forget that. The most important point about sailing ships is that the longer the length of the hull on the water line, the faster that ship is able to sail. For example, the maximum speed of an 84 foot yacht is 10.6 knots based on the formula 4/3 times the square root of the the length of the water line in feet..... and the answer is in knots.
1588. Spain invades Germany. That is why southern Germany and the Palatinate are today majority Catholic. 1589 Spain destroys 80 ships of Drake's invincible fleet. Elisabeth condemns Drake to be a lighthouse keeper 1590 Spain invades Paris, forcing France to become Catholic 1596-97 Drake loses 5 battles in the Spanish Caribbean and dies. England had very good sailors, no one doubts it, but it was an island.
England at this time was not a “Protestant” country but a Catholic country, just not a “Roman Catholic”. Elizabeth 1st, like her father Henry 8th, was the head of the church, not the Pope!
Fascinating, the beacon early warning system developed by English against the spanish armada parallels the radar early warning system, the RAF enlisted against the Luftwaffe 350 years later.
There is no spanish as unity, until 1812 . There is no spanish language, nor spanish culture, all were forced to abandon their own languages, and you all fall in it, the biggest lie ever said in history ,
Los españoles no robaban en America. Civilizaban, ocupaban y extraian riquezas a traves del trabajo, como infraestructuras, terrenos agricolas, ganaderia, comercio y minas. Lo mismo que el Imperio Romano.😊🇪🇸 Trajano , Adriano, Marco Aurelio y Teodosio, Carlos I y Felipe II grandes Emperadores Hispanos.
Thank you for an interesting tale. Interesting to find out that about half of the Armada was destroyed when it floundered on the Irish west coast as the result of the North Atlantic sea drift. The English did not destroy them.
Yes, they had trouble navegating, but don't forget many of their ships were damaged. It's hard to believe that they weren't aware of the Gulf Stream, as they had regularly crossed the Atlantic for nearly 100 years. Also, for around 20 years, the Netherlands had been part of the Spanish Empire, so they would have travelled that far north.
They knew about Gulf Stream further down in Atlantic. But since they did not sailed so up north, they were unaware that Gulf Stream extend as further north as Ireland and Scotland. Yes, Netherlands was part of the Spanish Empire, but Gulf Stream is on the other side of British Isles. West of Ireland and Scotland.
First my compliments for this interesting and good story and very well illustrated with film material. The info about the infuences of both weather and Gulf Stream was partly new forme. But it's also rather chauvinistic. The Dutch also did their part in dealing with the Spanish. We were busy with fighting our 80-year War of Independence. Indepence from Spain. The Spanish king Philip II was also our very hated king then. Parma and his army were in the Lowlands too to bring us back under the reign of Philip II. The Dutch fleet did everything possible to hinder the Spanish army to board the Armada. The fireships which were used against the Armada were from Dutch origin. In the Dutch history lessons at primary school this is always mentioned as a success of our countries together, with the main part for the British fleet.
Sir Francis Drake was also a man of deep Christian faith. His parents had homeschooled him in an abandoned ship where they took up residence because of their strong religious beliefs. Some of his descendants are the Hagin family in ministry in Broken Arrow, OK... Kenneth Hagin Ministries.
It's not that difficult, is it? When you shoot, go with the wave. The chance of shooting too low is also smaller. Greetings from Spakenburg, Netherlands.
The only untold story here is ? They didn't check the tides & they didn't pick-up their alleged Dutch couterparts for an invasion because the tides weren't on their side and then they got smashed -Up all around the coast that ended this debacle of idiocy. Bye bye Armada.
THE MYTH OF THE INVINCIBLE ARMADA The Spanish fleet that Philip II mustered is described as an 'invincible' Goliath against the little David of England's navy. Actually, it was the opposite. It was not even the largest fleet to have attacked England. The Spanish used around 130 ships, from war galleons to messenger ships and supply ships. Although the English navy was smaller, a large number of private and merchant ships were called up to create a force equal to that of the Spanish. And anyway, the invading fleet had been in trouble long before facing their English enemies. Shortly after leaving Lisbon, diseases attacked the crew, their food supplies rotted and they had very bad weather at sea. "We are very weak" All this forced them to stop in La Coruña to make repairs and provisions. The fleet commander wrote to Felipe confessing that "almost none of the members of the Navy have the knowledge or the ability to perform the tasks entrusted to them... we are very weak." But Philip said that the attack must continue anyway. The plan was for the Navy to sail down the English Channel to its narrowest point. There he was to meet an army of soldiers from the Netherlands led by the Duke of Parma, who were to be transported by barge to invade the county of Kent. However, before that the Spanish had to reach the Channel. Here they began to experience more problems. The first major casualties were self-inflicted: a crash and explosion led to the loss of two ships. Once the Spanish gained entry to the Channel, the next narrative stretch in the most popular accounts of history is Elizabeth I's moving speech to her men at Tilbury, on the north bank of the Thames. That famous piece of oratory, in which the queen tells the assembled troops that she may "have the body of a weak woman, but the heart and stomach of a king," has been dramatized in countless movies. Elizabeth is often shown riding a horse, dressed in white velvet or even armor. "I'll be her general," she tells her men. Elizabeth had devised the plan to address the troops while the Spanish were still in the Channel. However, when she did, the Navy was already facing defeat. Eleven days earlier, English warships had attacked the Spanish fleet while it was waiting in France to meet the Parma army. These burning ships caused the Spanish to panic, causing more accidents and losses. So when Elizabeth spoke her famous words at Tilbury, what was left of the Armada was already in retreat, racing to Ireland and Scotland so they could return home. And there, in the north, the mortal enemy of the Spanish was not Drake, Elizabeth I or the brave English sailors, but bad weather. Interestingly, the content and timing of Elizabeth I of England's speech have also "evolved" over time. The sources do not mention the famous "heart and stomach of a king" line until more than three decades after the event. But historians aren't sure she actually used those words. On the one hand, the defeat of the Armada did not bring victory in the war with Spain. In fact, that conflict lasted until the 17th century. On the other hand, the Spanish never saw what happened to the Armada as a significant setback. And that's because, in 1589, the English suffered an embarrassing or own naval disaster. That year, Drake led an attack known as the invincible English or Counterarmada, with the aim of destroying the rest of Felipe's fleet while it was undergoing repairs in Santander. It was a fiasco, in which 15,000 Englishmen were killed, and many of the 86 ships used in the attack were lost.
turning up for work in the rain is heroic. especially when your clothes are made of soot and your shoes are slabs of dried cow dung...as they were back then.
Yes, I strongly feel CZcams should post the creation date or at least the first 'showing' date (wherever it is shown - tv, cinema etc) of a video/film, along with the date of posting on CZcams.
Agreed. But "CZcams" didn't post this video. It's posted ON youtube by a channel named "our history". But yes, they could have provided some sourcing information.
we weren't told, that the dutch, also protestant, had a bop a them first, and it wasn't us, that defeated them, it was the weather, and, the trecherous rocks, around our coastline
Thats not true. At the battle of the gravelines the english destroyed some spanish ships and made the rest of them have to sail around the british isles crashing on the rocks. Without the english navy england would have been invaded like it was by the romans, saxons, vikings and normans.
@@freneticness6927 that would be Britain and Ireland.... But as usual it was only the English who had the minerals fighting off a foreign invasion, whilst the other tribes hid in their hills instead of Uniting? , and by the time they did decide to pull their fingers out it was to late and the whole islands was lost..
The Contra Armada, the Spanish revenge that England hid the greatest disaster of the English Armada, greater than that of the Invincible Armada, is an unknown episode.
in 1589, a year after the disaster of the Great Armada of Felipe II, England assembled a fleet even larger than the Spanish one and that was defeated in the Spanish ports. It is known as the Contra Armada and it was disastrous for English interests. But England managed to hide the shameful retreat, in which 20,000 men died, for centuries. However, the story that has remained and permeated in the popular cultural heritage is that after the Invincible Armada the fall of the Spanish Empire began, nothing is further from reality.
Lo siento, te he puesto un mensaje antes, por error, que iba para un británico en otro sitio! Lo borro. Buena contestación! 🙂👍
Very well made. With scientific, sea navigation analysis. Smart and interesting. Great job guys.
The truth at last and God was with us for sure
They had a whole team of people, modern equipment and measuring, they were on stable land and not under any fire or pressure whatsoever and they still couldn't hit a wall straight in front of them with a cannon ball. The Elizabethan sailors would be tearing their hair out watching the 'experts' of our era. The Elizabethan sailors were using this extremely heavy, dangerous equipment, on wooden ships, on waves, in choppy weather, trying to hit a moving target that was bobbing up and down and firing back at them. They did well to land the shots that they did.
So, what you're saying is that the people who invented and practised with the equipment did well, and the people who had never seen it before and didn't know what they were doing with it did poorly. Makes sense to me. Don't assume people living back then weren't extremely intelligent. We haven't somehow gotten smarter as a species.
@@robr177 You are projecting.
You are the one making assumptions, I just stated the facts.
The Elizabethan sailors had far more to disadvantage them yet they still did way better than a whole load of 'experts' who were on stable land, with no time pressures, nobody attacking them, no bad weather, a huge stationary target that was directly in front of them, all modern equipment helping them aim and analyse the trajectory etc. and they still couldn't hit a massive stationary target.
I'm saying the Elizabethan sailors were essentially the ones who invented the cannon and practised with it and were very familiar with how it worked. So, of course they would do better than people who had never seen it before. This video is basically showing them practising with it. I'd be curious to see the sailors practising, and how well that went. @@rl7012
@@robr177 'Don't assume people living back then weren't extremely intelligent. We haven't somehow gotten smarter as a species.' I am baffled by this part of your comment. My take is clear that the Elizabethan sailors were far superior to the 'experts' of today.
And it is obvious people are not smarter now than they were in the past, if anything the human species has got thicker. A lot, lot, thicker. And a lot more irrational and assumptive. People in the past seem to be way more intelligent than people are today.
@@rl7012 Too true.
The gun isnt stable enough . The powder ignites . The gun jumps before the ball gets all the way out the barrel.
Secure the gun better and you'll have better results
Apparently the gun was originally set too low the cannon was hitting the ground and going over the target. Amazing really because that showed exactly why the English were ineffective at long range and running out of ammo.
At close range they caused enormous damage to the Spanish Armada and while out shooting the Spanish, still had trouble sinking them. The Medina Sidonia flag ship suffered 200 hits during the battle, but kept sailing. Guess the old sailors were better shots despite not knowing Newtonian physics. Amazing one expert reckons we need to go down 4 metres on ground level, start diggingpoint higher falling short.
Best comment I’ve read, then maybe we could’ve seen what the damage done to a single walled hull instead of what the forklift did to it.
They rolled back onto ramps and the weight of the cannon falling back down rolled it back I yo firing position after each shot... Securing it is tricky you gotta have some give . The ramps were the best solution . Until ordinance got lighter over time .
Instead of showing them going over the top it would have been better to see damage caused from many different angles ect. But a very well made documentary
I'm a descendant of one of the Spanish sailors that washed up, on the shore, the way my great grandfather who was quite proud of his Irish heritage tells it, the locals where willing to hide them because they hated the English to, and over time some of the Spanish sailors and Irish women had children together, and their children where called Black Irish, because they were probably the only Irish with darker skin
Great Story, Love it!
I've often wondered about that term. I.m about 30% Irish, but don't know how or where.
Lol, I loved explaining this fact to my proudly Black Irish grandfather. He was absolutely stunned.
@@cherylmarcuri5506 honestly I didn't know any black Irish, like of Spanish decent still existed, I'd always been told that they assimilated into the local Irish population, if there are some still out there that's pretty cool
Thanks for sharing this gem of information!
I don`t think Drake would want that lot on one of his ships as a gun crew, I thought I must be watching Monty Python.
🤣🤣
Well it does take a bit of practice on any particular weapon now doesn’t it?
Bit more health and safety involved these days but at least they got a woman involved 😂
😂
Ha! Funny.
Could you add one more thing? When the Spanish Armada tried to attack England, many unwilling to fight Portuguese sailors were among those Spanish and Portuguese ships. Philip II had taken the Portuguese court by inheriting his father's Spanish Empire in 1556 and succeeded to the Portuguese throne in 1580 following a dynastic crisis.
The death (August 1578) without heirs of his nephew, King Sebastian of Portugal, opened up the prospect of Philip's succession to Portugal. He had to conquer (1580) what he regarded as his just, hereditary rights by force, but the rest of Europe was alarmed at this growth in Spanish power.
The reason why Portuguese sailors were unwilling to fight against the English was because of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. It is the world's oldest alliance in known history, established by the Treaty of Windsor in 1386. The Portuguese and English alliance was signed on May 19, 1386, between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Portugal, that remains until today and future.
The enemy of my enemy is my friend.
Today, Spain is the largest Portuguese goods importer. But the British tourists have a special place in our hearts.@@TR4zest
Congratulations 🎉. You know our history.
😂😂😂😂
Excellent knowledge, I've learned a lot there.👍
"He blew 🌬️with His winds🌪️ and they were scattered."
(Wording on a contemporary commemorative medal.)
Thank God that God was on our side.
Sounds more like the awardee was getting the medal for passing wind
Flavit Deus , et disipati sunt .( If I remember correctly!).
@@normanpearson8753 So much more dignified than "Jede Böhnchen hatte sein Tönchen" (Erich Maria Remarques, Im Westen Nichts Neues).
@@lindsayheyes925your god had nothing to do with it. 😊
They have a 'ballistics expert' and they haven't a clue. With the cannon horizontal at zero elevation the shot can only go down, it's basic Newtonian physics yet these people don't understand that. all arts graduates no doubt. lol.
Physics is Racist :-)
But the shots were going too high. As someone who shoots Black Powder Rifles and muskets, I find that it is neccessary to aim low at point blank, as the kind of recoil Black Powder generates makes the muzzle of the weapon rise on discharge of the missile. The recoil generated by Black Powder (traditional gunpowder) is slighty more gradual than that caused by modern smokeless powder, giving the muzzle time to slightly rise before expulsion of the projectile. Thus, for example, at point blank range (50 yards for a musket, 200 for a cannon) it is necessary to slightly depress the aim, rather than aim horizontally. In the Napoleonic and American civil wars, musketeers and riflemen were told to aim at the knees of the enemy in order to score a hit centre mass. But fundamentally you are right - a 'ballistics expert' should have known this.
Or can it only go up because of more powder at the bottom of the cannon?
@@christophereastman9199 Usually the powder is loaded in a linen cartridge which keeps the powder in place in much the same way as a metallic cartridge would.
Nope, a .270 rifle sighted in at 200 yards, will shoot 2” high at 100 yards. That is the same concept with any rifle, which will shoot high at closer ranges when sighted at farther ranges… My black powder rifles are the same… but you’re right their “expert” hasn’t a clue…
The warning beacons could send a warning from plymouth to carlisle in about 40mins,thats nearly 400 miles.impressive.
And having someone on watch all the time
Im pretty sure the beacons were built and ignited at the advent of year 2000. It was not a success. Many never saw the fire telling them to light theirs so waited then lit their one, but again the hoped for domino effect didnt trigger.
it could also mean Gondor calls for aid, and that Rohan will answer
When the Queen heard that the Spanish Armada had been blown out into the North sea, she said,
"The LORD God Almighty hath done this great thing."
In 1588 Spain was invading Germany. That is why southern Germany and the Palatinate are Catholic today, with the tallest cathedral in the world in Cologne
In 1589 Spain destroyed Drake's invincible fleet, sinking 60-80 English ships. Elisabeth was so angry that she condemned Drake to be a lighthouse keeper in the port.
In 1590 Spain invaded Paris. That is why France accepted Catholicism as its official religion.
At that time Spain was in the Netherlands. Today Belgium and Luxembourg are Catholic. And in Italy, Catholic.
But maybe Elisabeth's prayers were effective for England!!
Quite interesting, particularly the portion dealing with the currents that led the Armada onto the rocks of western Ireland and Scotland. As for the gunnery portion, a crucial bit of information was ignored here. The Spanish had cannon, and quite effective they might have been, however the English used cannon trucks with four wheels where the Spanish did not. This allowed the English, who carried few or no soldiers aboard, to use gun crews to simply pull back the cannon to reload, while the Spanish were compelled to use their soldiers to drag back the carriages after each shot, then reload, then send the soldiers back to muster on the decks. Consequently, the English could maintain a rate of fire of four to six more shots to each Spanish shot, which mattered far more then the effectiveness of any single weapon such as a culverin. Had the Spanish been able to employ the huge guns typically carried low in the stern, they might have devastated any English ship, but the English of course gave them no opportunity for such close action. In any case, an interesting video.
Qq
The Spanish navigators had been traveling the seas for a century, they knew what they were doing, the explication of the current is logical, but we must not forget that those that crashed into de coast were unmanegeable cargo ships, and that de war galleons practivally all returned.
On a visit to the west coast of Ireland we met locals with dark eyes and dark hair, not the expected Irish look. Ireland is a friendly place so we chatted. They said they proudly traced their ancestry to survivors of the Spanish Armada.
My father's ancestry is from Cornwall. There is a darker skin tone in us and it is often said there were Spanish ancestors from the Armada. I may have got that from my mother's side too but my father was always well tanned.
American by any chance
No...I'm a New Zealander@@Man_fay_the_Bru
Historically, referred to as Dark Irish of those who's ancestors survived the wreckage!
Virtually none survived the armada in Ireland, the dark eyea and complexion you speak of predates any Spanish sailors, our ancient dna is the same of those people in the basque country and it's most pure on the west coast of Ireland
Amazing that even having ladies on the team they still couldn't hit the target.
Yeah they didn't account for autism either... I'm sure the Englishmen using the cannons were probably better shots 😂
I could feel sorry for the Spanish, if I weren’t English 🏴
Then they tried again yrs later and same outcome 😮
If you are English you don't know what the word sorry means.😊
@@williamporter2867 As a Scot, I agree.
2 criminals talking…
@@kcyoung598 From what wonderful place are you that there's never been Crimes Against Humanity being committed there?
That’s good science. Keep adjusting the model until it gives you the result you expect/want to see!!
Exactly. "Let's just change the variables until we get results for this program".
Trust the science. Never goes wrong
That is indeed modern science (in some respects). That is how we end up with totally bogus theories, such as man made climate change. You can produce any result you want if you fiddle with the statistics and variables which will produce the result you desire.
"the ships logs give us a record of the weather conditions, and using this we can create maps of what the weather was like, which in turn tell us what the weather conditions we like ".
@@GuitarRyder11 i think it was more about filmmakers overexcited about [what was then] cutting edge CGI which they didn't understand and which didn't provide any insight or information which couldn't be garnered from 500 year old written accounts
But the point is that with modern knowledge of weather patterns (high and low pressure cells) you can fill in the gaps and know what the weather was like even in places where it wasn’t documented thereby get much better picture.
Abt 1/2 way point, the oak plank target the gun is tested on shown to be 1 plank thick; the sp. Ships, especially the large galleys- those hull would have been multiple layers of planking thick-
The build of the HMS Victory used 60000 mature oak trees.
@@kiwiwifilol, double that...and then multiply it by 10.
you punch a hole in a ship the size of a grapefruit...then they plug it up....sinking it might take awhile
@@mburland 1.2 million oak trees? Having toured Victoria many times, I very much doubt that. In fact, I've just Googled it and it was supposedly 6,000 oak trees, not 60,000 as you disputed. Have you actually seen Victory? Compared to HMS Warrior nearby, it looks tiny.
@@frankpienkosky5688No cannonball penetrating a ship's oaken planks, leaves a hole the size of a grapefruit.
This narrator is excellent
Yes.
You must also acknowledge the writing.
the Dreadnaught was the fastest ship in the English Fleet and it was captained by Sir George Beeston, who was the oldest captain of the fleet at 69 years old.
I had an Auntie who is decended from one of the Spanish sailors who must have been washed ashore on the coast of England
her family name was Poad that was really pronounced Po'ade she would have been born about 1910 and she still had distinctive Spanish features as did her brother both dark and also her nephew .
IIIIIIIIIINTREASTING!!!
As documentaries go, this was like watching paint dry tbh, the only exciting part was the FPS of the badly aimed cannon, which was surprising,,they could have at least tried to hit the woodwork to show the effect of what a canon ball can do.
Yea, I think they are absolutely terrified of guns and if they showed them having any fun, they might turn somebody into a raging, gun crazy madman.
They did try
They did try!!!
They should have brought in an experienced artileryman who understood ballistic co-efficents , trig and run tests.
Now do one on the anti Armada. The greatest disaster for the English Navy in its history. In 1589.
Something absolutely historical that we should remember. In 1588 , the French refused access to their ports to the invincible armada which forced the Spanish fleet to make the whole journey without being able to resupply before, during and after the battle. The surviving Spanish ships had to bypass Britain and some of them sank in Ireland.
TRUE. In 1588 Spain was invading Germany. That is why southern Germany and the German Palatinate are Catholic today.
England is an island
In 1589, Spain took revenge, destroying Drake's invincible English fleet. We captured or sank 80 ships (without storms). Elisabeth condemned Drake to be a lighthouse keeper. When she forgave him, Spain defeated Drake 5 times in the Caribbean, and he died there with his cousin Hawkings.
In 1590 Spain invades Paris, forcing France to accept Catholicism as its official religion.
@@Gloriaimperial1 No, England is not an Island.
@@dougquaid570 UK is an island
@@Gloriaimperial1 Your history is a little off. Spain did not invade Paris, they relieved it from being sieged by Henry IV. He converted to Catholicism (making a joke of it and not taking it seriously) and then signed the edict of Nantes which gave protestants equal rights in law. Also it is funny to me how the English fleet was known as 'Invencible Inglesa' in Spanish but just the 'English armada' in England lol. It was half the size of the Spanish armada and made up of half broken ships that survived the defence. It was also a private company adventure from both English and the Dutch and not funded by the English Royalty which also never received one third of its ships. A strange thing to call Invincible but I think that is only because of the initial defeat Spain suffered.
@@richbob9155 We entered Paris, breaking the French blockade and saving the capital. And Protestant France, supported by Protestant Germans, English and Dutch, had to accept the Catholic religion. The occupation of Paris to help the Catholics is only one chapter, but it represents the power of Spain, while the British are selling that Spain was defeated in 1588. These French religious wars lasted 25 years. Spain invaded parts of France several times, from 1554, when we defeated France on its territory (that is why the Escorial monastery in Madrid was built to commemorate that victory) to 1636, when we invaded northern France, threatening Paris. Before that, in 1525, we had already taken the King of France and the Dauphin as prisoners to Madrid. We won 7 wars against France in Italy, occupying Rome twice, because the Pope at that time became a French ally, so he was captured. France changed and persecuted the Protestants throughout the 17th century, almost eliminating them or making them residual.
Give Drake's English fleet whatever name you want. The reality is that the Spanish empire remained the world's first empire until Napoleon's invasion of continental Europe in 1808-1815. Only the islands were saved from the catastrophe. France itself was destroyed. That is why the United Kingdom was able to build a significant empire from 1815 onwards. Like Japan, another island, it was saved from the invasions of the Mongol empire and European colonialism, and was able to have stability and an empire in the 20th century.
We never called the Spanish fleet that attacked England invincible. That is another British myth. If we had lost 30-40 ships in battle (we only lost 6 in battle) we would not have sent two other fleets of more than 130 ships, in 1596 and 1597, also stopped by storms, without the Royal Navy detecting them. And another invasion fleet in 1718, in Scotland, also stopped by storms. Although in 1597 and 1718 600 soldiers landed on the British Isles, out of 20,000.
Spain destroyed 60-80 English ships in 1589, and Elisabeth condemned Drake to be a lighthouse keeper at the port. She later pardoned him, he lost 5 battles in the Spanish Caribbean and died, so the Spanish power did not even flinch by 1588, as the British say. In 1625 we defeated England and Holland at Cadiz, sinking 62 ships. In 1625 we defeated the French fleet in the Mediterranean, and occupied Genoa. In 1625 we defeated the Dutch in Puerto Rico, Brazil and the Philippines. That same year of 1625 we defeated the English, Dutch and Danes at Breda, Holland (hence the famous painting by Velázquez, "The Surrender of Breda").
In 1739-48 we sank or captured 400 British ships in all seas, winning the War of Jenkins' Ear. I believe it was not just a private enterprise.
The British achieved many victories too. I do not intend to erase the history of other countries. But there are myths created by other countries that are based on lies amplified by the cinema.
I'm surprised that there was no mention of the fire ships that Drake launched against the Armada while they were moored at Calais .🇬🇧
Yeah they talked about the half dozen ships they sent on fire
That was the true singeing, not the Armada as stated here
Because that part has already been told. This is the "Untold Story."
Or the scuttling of ships in the channel by Dutch which blocked the rest of the Spanish fleet from meeting up with main flotilla.
The Dutch were long time adversaries with the English, but found themselves on the same side of fate against the Spanish. Since if the isles of Britan fell it would only be a short matter of time.
The Dutch were long term alluesyif England apart from a few decades when England tried to take advantage of the Dutch when they were busy fighting the french@@dananorth895
The victory opened up for the voyages of discovery and the beginning of The Great British Empire.
Thank you for your program... With this important education you don't need the irrelevant music in the background
HEAR! HEAR! SARCASTIC PUN INTENDED;-)
Yeah, need more intensifying music like AC/DC or Metallica!
This was much more detailed than I had learned in junior high school which was the Armada was destroyed by storm c.1960s
No, 1588
That Gulf Stream is one of the most powerful currents on Earth
You mean in the sea.
Yes and plenty of cross seas contact before Columbus. The New World being held by empires as classified...
😂@@davidtuer5825
And yet it hasn't been harrnesed for energy ?
Excellent documentary! Would CZcams be so kind as to put the creation date along with the posting date of their videos?
probably made in late 80's.
@@sjb3460 Someone just told me the information is in the description.. and there it is: "This film was first broadcast: 23 Jul 2003".
@@sjb3460 1780's.
0:13 Quite the slander there.
Most of that gold was gifts which was given to Phillip II by his new royal subjects.
Little is known about English plundering in America, Asia and Africa
haha
Still recall my 5th grade history test:
"Who defeated The Spanish Armada?"
EDIT: So it was *_not_* the English?
The Spanish were defeated by the North Atlantic Drift, the Gulfstream that raked them against the jagged west coasts of Scotland and Ireland.
Interesting programme.
You had good schooling.
Of course the English had superior computers which had designed a much better ship. And of course they knew that the weather was about to change and the sea currents would carry the Spaniards to their destruction . But we managed to bumble through, as usual. We (the English) had better guns but, as shown, we didn't know how to fire them properly. I suppose the 200 hits on the Spanish flagship was caused by friendly fire, but wait... the Americans weren't involved so that theory is defenestrated. This all proves that God was on the right side and he is English (as was).
The fact is they lost.even if nature helped they lost.
@lowharvey66 The devil rarely will attack the bad team when the good team is available.
@caroldelaney4700 Nature did more than just help. God did not want to force himself on anyone. An interesting historical note is that after the loss Phillip II had masses celebrated throughout his kingdom in Thanksgiving, God's will be done.
Could we get Drake, s type of ships to defend our country in 2024?
What, you want upgraded ships in our navy?
Ships can't outrun missiles
@@mr.rubicon1193 I'd be happy if they just stopped running into things
Crazy story. Glad to watch. Thanks🎉
Longitude was unknown. More than two centuries later the Royal Navy lost 5,000 sailors when four ships crashed into the Silly Islands in the English Channel. This disaster triggered the competition to create a ship clock for navigation.
Measuring longitude accurately on ships was unknown, but longitude itself was known about.
There is never talk of Queen Elizabeth's counter-soul...why? English Invincible or Counterarmada or Drake-Norreys Expedition was an invasion fleet sent against the Hispanic Monarchy by Queen Elizabeth I of England in the spring of 1589, within the framework of the operations of the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585-1604. The Anglo-Saxons refer to it as the English Armada, Counter Armada or Drake-Norris Expedition. This last name is due to the fact that the expedition was commanded by Francis Drake, who served as admiral of the fleet, and by John Norreys as general of the landing troops.
The intention of this invasion force was to take advantage of the strategic advantage obtained over Spain after the failure of the Grande y Felicísima Armada sent by Philip II against England the previous year. The English objectives were three.8 The first and fundamental was to destroy the bulk of the remains of the Grande y Felicísima Armada, which were under repair in the ports of the Cantabrian coast, mainly in Santander.
The second objective was to take Lisbon and enthrone the prior of Crato, Antonio de Crato, claimant to the Portuguese Crown and cousin of Philip II, who was traveling with the expedition. Crato had signed secret clauses with Elizabeth I by which, in exchange for English help, he offered her five million gold ducats and an annual tribute of 300,000 ducats. He also offered to hand over the main Portuguese castles to England and maintain the English garrison at the expense of Portugal. He also promised to give fifteen payments to the English infantry and allow Lisbon to be sacked for twelve days, provided that the property and lives of the Portuguese were respected and the looting was limited to the population and property of others.
La Coruña:
3 galeones1
1 nao1
2 galeras1
1500 hombres1
Lisboa:
27 galeras2
5200 hombres total muertos-900-españoles.. Francis Drake
Robert Devereux
John Norreys
Walter Raleigh...6 galeones reales4
60 mercantes armados4
60 filibotes4
20 pinazas
Varias decenas de barcazas y lanchas
Total:
1505-2006 naves
23 375 hombres (((bajas....24 de abril:
20 soldados muertos4
6 de mayo:
unos 1000 soldados muertos4
Total:
80004-15 0007 muertos (2000 en combate)4
40-80 buques hundidos----
Great portrayal. Interesting and informative.
Actually, very poor. It doesn't take account of the Dutch contribution.
What is forgotten there were over 10 attempts, not just the famous 1588 attempt, by the Spanish to invade England, the last was in 1601 when a Spanish Fleet was defeated by the English in the Battle of Kinsale. Very few English ships were actually English Navy but were owned by Privateers such as Drake and Raleigh, the leader of the English Fleet was Martin Frobisher. Privateers were ships and crews who were contracted by Heads of State such as Queen Elizabeth 1st to harry her enemies, any gains were shared our with the Sponsor and crew. Most of the Spanish Treasure was Silver which came from a mountain in Argentina (Argente is Latin for Silver). The Privateers were made illegal by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1715 so they became Pirates.
There are actually 14 invasion inventions, or invasions. The Spanish touched English soil 10 of those times. The English Royal Navy only heard of the invasion fleet in 1588 and 1805.
1374. Spanish invasion of southern England
1376 Invasion of southern England
1378 Invasion of southern England
1380-81 Invasion of southern England
1411 Invasion of southern England
1554 Philip II arrives with a fleet in England, and becomes king of England and Ireland, upon marrying Mary Tudor (half-Spanish queen of England)
1595 Spanish attack on southern England
1588 Invincible Armada, stopped by a storm and English fleet
1596 Invincible Armada II, stopped by a storm
1597 Invincible Armada III, stopped by a storm, but there is a Spanish landing of 500 soldiers, in England
1601 Invasion of Ireland
1718 Spanish invasion fleet to Scotland, stopped by a storm, although 600 Spanish soldiers disembark
1779-82. Spanish blockade of the United Kingdom. Capture of two British fleets of 24 and 55 ships (including 39 British war frigates). Collapse of the London stock market. Spain gives the Spanish silver dollar and independence to the USA
The objective was the invasion of the United Kingdom, but the French allies were not prepared.
1805. Admiral Villenueve, head of the combined fleet of Spain and France, outwits Nelson in the South Atlantic, but is frightened when he reaches the French coast, where 150,000 of Napoleon's soldiers are waiting to be escorted, as you know, to cross into the Kingdom. United. Villenueve makes another mistake by locking himself in Cádiz, to the south. And then a third mistake when taking out the ships at Trafalgar, when a storm was coming, which after the battle caused a lot of damage to the British as well.
Drake and his cousin Hawkings died in the Spanish Caribbean, after five defeats in 1595-96, plus Drake's defeat in 1589, losing the invincible English fleet 80 ships.
Raleigh was hanged by England in 1618, at the request of Spain, for attacking Spanish ships.
Of 1,200 voyages of the Spanish Indies Fleet in 250 years, between America-Europe and Europe-America, the English captured 2 fleets (in port, without prior declaration of war, 17th century). Two catches from Holland. 4 shipwrecks. Spanish fleet success of 99.75%
Spain also had privateers. In the War of Jenkins' Ear (1739-1748) Spain captured more than 400 British merchant and military ships in the Atlantic and Caribbean. 100 Spanish ships captured.
70% of the gold, silver and trade in Spanish America stayed in America to build a Western civilization. 80% in the 18th century. 20-30% is distributed among the Spanish NATO in Italy (457 years) the Spanish hegemony in Europe between 1500-1650, but in Belgium until 1713 and in Italy until 1759, and to fill Asia with silver, changing the Chinese currency. In 1842, Hong Kong accepted the Spanish silver coin as currency, which angered the British.
Mexico and Peru (the major producers of gold and silver) produce more gold and silver each year of the 21st century than the Spanish empire did in 100 years.
And they couldn't measure the longitude accurately. That is to say, how far east or west. They could use the sextant for accurate measurement of how far north or south. There is a very good book about this called Longitude. It is the story of John Harrison, a gifted clockmaker who invented a clock, a chronometer, which would tell accurate time at sea. This is how the problem of finding the Longitude was solved.....in the 18th century.
There's also a very good doco film by the same name 'Longitude'. Probably find it on utube as it's over 20 years old now.
The YT videos on the Harrison clocks (actually chronometers) and their development are brilliant. The 3 earliest versions with wooden (lignum vitae) bearings need no lubrication and have been running continuously since the mid-1700s. Truly amazing. The later versions with metal bearings are not running because of the need for lubricants which would require disassembly and servicing.
They are truly remarkable though they weigh several tens of kilogrammes, but he got the accuracy down to +/- one or two seconds a month.
Longditud... a great read.
The problem had already been solved centuries earlier. By the Vikings.
And Delboy and Rodney sold it .Pity .
Was there time to finish the game and still beat the Spaniards?
I used to keep an engineless yacht moored at the mouth of The Cattewater, river Plym, where the English fleet were moored awaiting the Spanish Armada.
While planning a painting, I'm a marine Artist as you can see via my website, I checked with the help of Plymouth Uni Planetarium, the state of the moon (thus the tides) for the day and time the Armada was sighted.
Accounts written by those present tell us there was a calm that day in Plymouth and the Uni Planetarium staff confirmed a flood tide.
From my own considerable experiences with my yacht moored there I can assure you there is no way that in light airs with a flood tide that an engineless vessel can leave The Cattewater.
There was time to finish the game and Drake knew that.
Good research and work!
Love this stuff 👍
ARE THEY CZcams KIDDING US WITH THESE INTRUSIVE COMMERCIALS THERES GOT TO BE ANOTHER SIMILAR SITE WITH OUT THESE COMMERCIALS...........
HEY GUYS UP THERE WERE NOT GOING TO BUY ANYOF IT ANYWAY
Commercial pay the bills
5:25 Clearly Jonathan Seagul too has strong emotions about the elements.
Almost worthless if you don't already know a bit about what happened. The glaring omission is how it ended without ever saying what happened to the Spanish who got shipwrecked. Did they live? The documentary says ships were torn to pieces on rocks, but does that mean that few or no Spanish made it ashore?
Also, as an engineer who understands that computer model results are wholly dependent on the assumptions you put into it, I'm more than skeptical of the results.
Topping it all off is how they get viewers excited to see them fire a canon at a large wooden target, but then can't ever hit the thing. Why include the footage in the first place? Can you imagine a mainstream and high budget production just giving up and not ever hitting the actual target?
- Well said! Pure Academics can rarely understand "Real Events" - not a sailor myself but what about the Pitch and yaw of a ship at sea - "old hands" would know how to time the shot so that at a certain moment ,the barrell of the gun would be in "just the right angle" when ignition took place!!! There are never any studies done on the gruelling hard work done by all the trades needed to physically build such vessels!!! As an ex carpenter and Timber Frame Housebuilder in a pioneering Family Business in the mid 1960's using hand tools to cut, drill and rip heavy timber before machine tools were introduced and in all weather's, the daily effort at times especially in frost and snow on a roof was incredible! So ship builders in those days must have had an extra hard time! Get two ofthses "presenters" one in a trench one above sawing a seasoned log into planks!!!! all day, six days a week for months!!!!How about the creation of rigging - spinning and twisting sisal into huge ropes - in a long yard that is tough work!!!
I think they were making a point. Not trying to be best gun crew in world
The point is that the English ships did little damage to the Spanish ships before the fire ships were used.
Pirates are Adventurers if they were British! Exceptional...
They had the backing of the government.
Thank You for making this study. Humans have been fighting against human nature, Mother's Earth nature, water nature, universal nature of the human Spirit and we now witness the consequences of insanity fighting against the evidences of our human universal sovereign divine existence. Peace, Plenitude, Unity, Liberation of the Noble Soul of the Peaceful Civilization.
Our DNA goes back a very long ways. Perhaps we have a strand of DNA that rises to a higher realm?
That time of the year it is not uncommon to see tropical storms turn to the northeast after leaving the mid-Atlantic. That should be considered.
What a wonderful detailed explanation especially by the meteorologist, thank you. The armada was also knit of supplies and apparently sickness was rife
My ancestor came to the American Colonies from the Netherlands in 1649 a mere 61 years later and I'm certain it had something to do with Spain losing control over most of the Netherlands at that time. The Hollanders were big sailors and Merchants. I did find a book(yes books are best) on the Dutch during the 17th century that's was quite informative. Does anyone know anything about the dutch at this time?
Well the Dutch were big sailors then and now. In fact the dutch are the tallest nation in the world..
The peace of Westphalia brought the 80 years war to an end in 1648. This period is part of the Dutch golden age and renaissance in art, culture, trade, finance and colonialism. They mostly looked east though, establishing trade through the East Indies and becoming the only European country allowed to trade with Japan. The islands of Indonesia were essentially a Dutch colony up until WWII. But the growth of the British east India company and conflict with Britain curtailed the Dutch monopolies and put an end to the Dutch golden age. By the mid 1700’s the British east India company accounted for half the world’s trade. Whereas previously that the Dutch east India company had dwarfed its rivals.
I think it was the Dutch Republic at that time, was it not? Still mostly Germanic people. It didn't become The Netherlands until after Napoleon was defeated. I think around the early 1800s. I believe the Spanish Netherlands was what is now Belgium and Luxembourgh.
The narration exposed itself in the first 30 seconds. Nice to know where the bias stands
Care to explain?
I presume you mean the catholic v protestant bit. Weak...
Salty-Sea-Nerds in Labcoats with Canons: 0
Stationary Wooden Wall: 0
Mighty Forklift of Doom: 1
Therefore, the English Navy should have used floating forklifts to defeat the Spanish and someone should send the alpha-nerd on the wall a rescue helicopter before he humpty dumpties even worse than their canon field test.
I would be shocked if Stockholm isn't on the phone soon buzzing about a Noble prize in the near future based on the extraordinary results achieved on that field.
Bravo Brits; keep it up. You're nearly back on top again!
Whatever Paco. Direct us to your YT channel on exercise in 16th century naval artillery and perhaps your comment will be deemed valid. Otherwise, you’re just an armchair artillery man.
I'm surprised the Spanish didn't try an invasion on the east coast of England. The 17th century Dutch navy sailed into the Thames as far as Deptford and caused tremendous damage to British ships anchored there and escaped with impunity. Or they might have tried the River Humber or the Tyne...
That was the Spanish plan but the army in Flanders didn't have anywhere near enough ships. The Armada had to come up the Channel or make the far more dangerous journey round the North of Scotland. They had to come from Spain so ir was the Channel or Scotland. The Armada was to pick up the army in Flanders and then invade up the Thames Estuary picking a suitable landing place. The Isle of Thanet would have been no good because West of the Isle of Thanet was bog. It is called the ISLE of Thanet for a reason even though the SE of England has sunk more than 3 ft into the Earth since then (isostatic settlement).
They did, watch it again.
The spanish army needed the spanish navy as escorts. The spanish navy was getting blown into the north sea with only protestant countries to their east with holland and england so nowhere to resupply. Thats why they tried going around britain and got wrecked on the way.
The Spanish navy lacked the ability that the Dutch two hundred years later had: the Dutch could sail much, much closer to the wind, and additionally, their ships were made for shallow water and they knew the Channel intimately.
@@marcmelvin3010 Spain destroyed Drake's fleet in 1589, sinking 80 ships.
The entire 17th century is full of Spanish fleets defeating Dutch fleets, as in 1625 in Brazil, or 1627, 1631, also English, German, French, Venetian and Turkish, in all seas (Mediterranean, English Channel, Atlantic, Caribbean and Pacific). We also had defeats, of course.
The Spanish ships of 1588 had the problem of carrying many troops, horses and land artillery, and of losing as admiral Álvaro de Bazán, the best sailor of the 16th century, who never lost a battle, and died a year before this battle. , in 1587. That is why in 1589, freed from that burden, the Spanish defeated the English and Dutch ships very easily.
So that Spanish armada vessel ended up on the rocks in western Ireland, but the captain's log survived.? How.?
Absolutely amazing history and presentation! Thank you so much for making and sharing this information and recreation of what most likely happened to the famous Spanish Armada.
wasnt interested at history at school it was s hite reading out of books . now its brill seeing it on internet
43:15 Note to British armorers: you rifle the guns on the inside, not the outside of the barrel.
Final forging of the barrel with an added twist ,concentrated the overall straightness of the barrel and also integral strength, nothing to do with rifling of the internal bore of the cannon , I do believe.
The ship you described was designed by a Dutchman (Liorne), called "Fluitschip". It could carry much more freight then usual, with half the crew. Pirates could hardly catch it because the deck was far away from the bulky ship on sealevel. Holland used it for 2 centuries.
My opinion split down the middle, was the type of ambition in the King of Spain, that was willing to deforest Spain, still unrecovered from building The Spanish Armada. My mother taught me that before, a squirrel was able to cross Spain through the trees, and after building The Armada, no more. My mother was very well educated, including spiritually, in her French language Catholic nuns all girls school in Madrid Spain. It was an elite girls school, including morally elite. What Spain was supposed to be about during especially the beginning of The Franco leadership conservative traditional values right wing. It was all about a people and nation historically and culturally worth saving, patriotic uplifting Spain after the darkness of a Civil War and WWII. That's why logically taught and learned to critically think. "Those who don't know history, are doomed to repeat it".
Fast immer geht es un Wirklichkeit um materielle Werte und den Erhalt von Privilegien der Herrschenden . Diese bedienten sich früher immer des Patriotismus und Konservatismus.
Heute in der Zeit der Globalisierung will das Großkapital Nationalstaaten und ihre Gesetze loswerden und die Menschen durch Entwurzelung beherrschen. Daher benutzt es heute mehr die Progressiven.
At the beginning of the presentation the narrator shows diagrams of the superior hull design that the English were now employing. That opens the question; why didn't the use such ships in the counter armada of 1589 where it ultimately cost them ~40 ships and a complete rout?
The skill of the 1588 English gunners must have been savage. Clearly handling these guns is not an arbitrary task!
Well, the English and British had very good cannons. But Spain also had good artillery.
In 1588 Spain invades Germany, with many cannons. That is why Germany and the Palatinate is Catholic today.
In 1589 Spain destroys Drake's invincible English fleet, sinking 60-80 ships, without storms. Elisabeth condemns Drake to be a lighthouse keeper
Drake loses 5 battles in the Caribbean and dies in 1596
In 1590 Spain invades Paris, with many cannons. That is why France is Catholic.
Maybe England was an island.
1625. Spain destroys 62 ships of the English and Dutch fleet in Cádiz
1629 Destruction of the combined fleet of France and England in the Caribbean.
Spain captures 400 British ships in the War of Jenkins' Ear 1739-48, a war we won.
50 British ships destroyed at the Battle of Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 1741.
Spanish blockade of the United Kingdom in 1779-82, capturing two British fleets of 24 and 55 ships (39 war frigates)
The Spanish tiger cannon destroys Nelson's arm in Tenerife 1797
Another English fleet loses in Puerto Rico 1797.
@@Gloriaimperial1 You clearly know the history.
Why would you not have high speed cameras on the target! 🙄 27:39
Longitude was mostly guesswork until the invention of the chronometer in a 1760s and began being widely used in the 1770s. The English knew it was possible to determine longitude somehow so they set up 3 rewards in the 1720s for anybody that could determine longitude with a certain accuracy. Part of that story is what happened to Spanish fleets and other voyagers in times past.
You're right. But the important thing about past history is to know it. The British invented the chronometer in 1720, and the Spanish captured 400 British ships in the War of Jenkins' Ear 1739-48, which we won. 100 Spanish ships captured.
In Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, 1741, we again sank 50 British ships.
And in 1779-82 Spain made a naval blockade of the United Kingdom, capturing two British fleets of 24 and 55 ships (39 war frigates).
The Spanish Tiger Gun tore off Nelson's Arm in 1797, in Tenerife, Canarias, and another British fleet was defeated at Puerto Rico in 1797.
In 1372 we destroyed 48 English ships at La Rochelle, France. 0 Spanish ships sunk
1377-1411. 5 Spanish invasions of southern England
1589. 60-80 English ships destroyed, from Drake's invincible fleet. Elisabeth condemns Drake to be a lighthouse keeper
1625. 62 English and Dutch ships sunk in Cádiz
1629. Destruction of the English and French fleet in the Caribbean...
The English invented the chronometer, and the Spanish invented the patented steam engine, which drew water from mines for the first time, 150 years before Watts. It was invented by the Spanish Ayanz in the 16th century.
Those interested in the Armada should read 'The confident hope of a miracle' by Neil Hanson
Excellent book.
No mention in the video of the common sailors that were ruthlessly hanged after being shipwrecked.
On the target practice, they should have started at close range which would have indicated where the shot was going. Having determined the above, lengthened the range.
They should have had someone who knew about black poweder, ballistic coefficients, trig, etc. An master artilleryman could have figured it out but it might have taken some time and $$. They probably did not want a cannon ball bouncing the ground to the target for the first shot. The humidity would have an effect. I would first use a 60 Cal flintlock for placement/analysis. The math to figure it out is above me.
Real life? It s computer generated only the people who were there know what really happened all we can do is speculate .
The Scottish Navy sank several Spanish ships of the Armada off the Scottish Northern Sea both Eastern lying and westerly lines.This is ignored by the English historians.
Here in Kansas, I learn of the English penchant for many types of innovation in their ships that fought the Armada. Its like the creative and organized thinking I have seen in my English relatives.
English victory in 1588. But England was also an island. And Spain also made many innovations in every sense.
In 1588 Spain was invading Germany. That is why southern Germany and the Palatinate is Catholic
In 1589 Spain defeats Drake's invincible English fleet, sinking 80 ships. Elisabeth condemns Drake to be a lighthouse keeper
In 1590 Spain invades Paris. That is why France had to accept Catholicism as its official religion.
British innovations were only effective after the Napoleonic Wars, 1815, when all of continental Europe was destroyed.
-1625. Spain destroys 62 ships of the combined fleet of Inglerra and Holland in Cádiz
-1629. Spain defeats the combined fleet of England and France, expelling them from the Spanish Caribbean
-1726 Spain captures hundreds of British ships in the Caribbean and Atlantic
-1741. Cartagena de Indias. Spain destroys 50 Royal Navy ships
-1739-48. Jenkins Ear War. Spain captures 400 British merchant and military ships in the Spanish Atlantic and Caribbean. The British capture approximately 100 Spanish ships.
-1779-82. Naval blockade of England. Spain captures two British fleets of 24 and 55 ships (including 39 war frigates) full of soldiers, weapons and money for the war in the 13 colonies and India. London stock market crash. Spain gives the 8 real or Spanish dollar to the USA. It is also the mother currency of China and Japan
Spain expels the British from Florida, Louisiana, Central America, Bahamas, Uruguay and Menorca
-1797. Nelson loses 3 battles in Cádiz, Central America and Tenerife, where he is taken prisoner. Another British invasion fleet is defeated at Tenerife that year.
The British win in Cádiz 1596, Jamaica (17th century), Cabo Passaro 1718, Gibraltar 1782, Cape San Vicente 1797, Trinidad and Tobago 1797 and Trafalgar 1805.
Spain wins in Argentina and Uruguay 1806-07, capturing the redcoats and British admirals
In 300 years of war, the British only capture 2 Indian fleets, out of 1200 Spanish fleets, 1 out of 400 parts of the Spanish empire.
Spain also improved ships.
In addition, Spain had already invaded southern England 3 times in 1377, 1380-81 and 1411. Plus the defeat of the English fleet at Rochelle in 1372, 48 English ships sunk. 0 Spanish ships sunk. Philip II of Spain arrived in England with a fleet in 1554 and became king of England, upon marrying Mary Tudor, half-Spanish queen of England.
Spain sent another 3 massive invasion fleets to the British Isles, with over 130 ships in 1596, 1597 and 1718. All 3 were stopped by storms. Although 500 and 600 soldiers reached the coast, out of 20,000 soldiers planned. Another Spanish operation also arrived in 1595.
There is no mention specifically of English ships like " The Temeraire"
that despite being smaller than Spanish galleons had crew
with the bravery to out gun the galleons. As the galleons masts were
targeted those galleons became vulnerable to weather and sea currents.
HMS Temeraire was a 98-gun second-rate ship of the line of the United
Kingdom's Royal Navy. Launched in 1798. Her sailors fought for
Queen and country. Never forget that.
The most important point about sailing ships is that the longer the
length of the hull on the water line, the faster that ship is able to sail.
For example, the maximum speed of an 84 foot yacht is 10.6 knots
based on the formula 4/3 times the square root of the the length
of the water line in feet..... and the answer is in knots.
1588. Spain invades Germany. That is why southern Germany and the Palatinate are today majority Catholic.
1589 Spain destroys 80 ships of Drake's invincible fleet. Elisabeth condemns Drake to be a lighthouse keeper
1590 Spain invades Paris, forcing France to become Catholic
1596-97 Drake loses 5 battles in the Spanish Caribbean and dies.
England had very good sailors, no one doubts it, but it was an island.
England at this time was not a “Protestant” country but a Catholic country, just not a “Roman Catholic”. Elizabeth 1st, like her father Henry 8th, was the head of the church, not the Pope!
I just you discuss that theory with Archbishop Cranmer.
the Church of England was created by henry8 cos pope said he could not divorce his first wife and marry his new bird. the C of E is protestant
Dont think philip 2nd thought of it that way. And the aglican church still claims to be both catholic and reformed but not roman catholic.
Fascinating, the beacon early warning system developed by English against the spanish armada parallels the radar early warning system, the RAF enlisted against the Luftwaffe 350 years later.
There is no spanish as unity, until 1812 . There is no spanish language, nor spanish culture, all were forced to abandon their own languages, and you all fall in it, the biggest lie ever said in history ,
In WW2, in addition to radar, there was also an observer corps that was only a technological hop step and a jump beyond those beacons.
Los españoles no robaban en America. Civilizaban, ocupaban y extraian riquezas a traves del trabajo, como infraestructuras, terrenos agricolas, ganaderia, comercio y minas. Lo mismo que el Imperio Romano.😊🇪🇸
Trajano , Adriano, Marco Aurelio y Teodosio, Carlos I y Felipe II grandes Emperadores Hispanos.
Hard to believe the troop deployment from northern Europe had not been thought through
"Oh...just thought...the Spanish are a day away from us , here in Holland , but we've no deep ports...can you pick us up in Oslo? "
This film is from 2003. Computer simulations and theories probably changed a lot since then.
true. we now live in a simulation. funny old world.
Thank you for an interesting tale. Interesting to find out that about half of the Armada was destroyed when it floundered on the Irish west coast as the result of the North Atlantic sea drift. The English did not destroy them.
The English pushed the armada into stormy cold waters they knew nothing about.
Not one English ship was sunk.
in Ireland we see descendants of Spain, that is why you see dark hair brown eyes, from the Armada
That;s not what genetics say
Goosebumps! ❤🎉
It’s all in these things called book…but you have to read them.
Yes, they had trouble navegating, but don't forget many of their ships were damaged. It's hard to believe that they weren't aware of the Gulf Stream, as they had regularly crossed the Atlantic for nearly 100 years. Also, for around 20 years, the Netherlands had been part of the Spanish Empire, so they would have travelled that far north.
They knew about Gulf Stream further down in Atlantic. But since they did not sailed so up north, they were unaware that Gulf Stream extend as further north as Ireland and Scotland.
Yes, Netherlands was part of the Spanish Empire, but Gulf Stream is on the other side of British Isles. West of Ireland and Scotland.
Everyone forgets that Phillip was the rule king of England
First my compliments for this interesting and good story and very well illustrated with film material. The info about the infuences of both weather and Gulf Stream was partly new forme.
But it's also rather chauvinistic. The Dutch also did their part in dealing with the Spanish. We were busy with fighting our 80-year War of Independence. Indepence from Spain. The Spanish king Philip II was also our very hated king then. Parma and his army were in the Lowlands too to bring us back under the reign of Philip II.
The Dutch fleet did everything possible to hinder the Spanish army to board the Armada. The fireships which were used against the Armada were from Dutch origin. In the Dutch history lessons at primary school this is always mentioned as a success of our countries together, with the main part for the British fleet.
I've always read and heard that they were defeated rather than lost and run ashore.
Same! Duped by propoganda it seems 🤨
Sir Francis Drake was also a man of deep Christian faith. His parents had homeschooled him in an abandoned ship where they took up residence because of their strong religious beliefs. Some of his descendants are the Hagin family in ministry in Broken Arrow, OK... Kenneth Hagin Ministries.
It's not that difficult, is it? When you shoot, go with the wave. The chance of shooting too low is also smaller. Greetings from Spakenburg, Netherlands.
I don't think I have ever seen modern weather analysis applied to something that long ago before.
Excellent doco, really good piece of work.
England's enemies fell into the hands of England's enemies when they landed on Ireland's shore.
The only untold story here is ? They didn't check the tides & they didn't pick-up their alleged Dutch couterparts for an invasion because the tides weren't on their side and then they got smashed -Up all around the coast that ended this debacle of idiocy. Bye bye Armada.
THE MYTH OF THE INVINCIBLE ARMADA
The Spanish fleet that Philip II mustered is described as an 'invincible' Goliath against the little David of England's navy.
Actually, it was the opposite.
It was not even the largest fleet to have attacked England.
The Spanish used around 130 ships, from war galleons to messenger ships and supply ships.
Although the English navy was smaller, a large number of private and merchant ships were called up to create a force equal to that of the Spanish.
And anyway, the invading fleet had been in trouble long before facing their English enemies.
Shortly after leaving Lisbon, diseases attacked the crew, their food supplies rotted and they had very bad weather at sea.
"We are very weak"
All this forced them to stop in La Coruña to make repairs and provisions.
The fleet commander wrote to Felipe confessing that "almost none of the members of the Navy have the knowledge or the ability to perform the tasks entrusted to them... we are very weak."
But Philip said that the attack must continue anyway.
The plan was for the Navy to sail down the English Channel to its narrowest point.
There he was to meet an army of soldiers from the Netherlands led by the Duke of Parma, who were to be transported by barge to invade the county of Kent.
However, before that the Spanish had to reach the Channel.
Here they began to experience more problems.
The first major casualties were self-inflicted: a crash and explosion led to the loss of two ships.
Once the Spanish gained entry to the Channel, the next narrative stretch in the most popular accounts of history is Elizabeth I's moving speech to her men at Tilbury, on the north bank of the Thames.
That famous piece of oratory, in which the queen tells the assembled troops that she may "have the body of a weak woman, but the heart and stomach of a king," has been dramatized in countless movies.
Elizabeth is often shown riding a horse, dressed in white velvet or even armor. "I'll be her general," she tells her men.
Elizabeth had devised the plan to address the troops while the Spanish were still in the Channel.
However, when she did, the Navy was already facing defeat.
Eleven days earlier, English warships had attacked the Spanish fleet while it was waiting in France to meet the Parma army.
These burning ships caused the Spanish to panic, causing more accidents and losses.
So when Elizabeth spoke her famous words at Tilbury, what was left of the Armada was already in retreat, racing to Ireland and Scotland so they could return home.
And there, in the north, the mortal enemy of the Spanish was not Drake, Elizabeth I or the brave English sailors, but bad weather.
Interestingly, the content and timing of Elizabeth I of England's speech have also "evolved" over time.
The sources do not mention the famous "heart and stomach of a king" line until more than three decades after the event.
But historians aren't sure she actually used those words.
On the one hand, the defeat of the Armada did not bring victory in the war with Spain.
In fact, that conflict lasted until the 17th century.
On the other hand, the Spanish never saw what happened to the Armada as a significant setback.
And that's because, in 1589, the English suffered an embarrassing
or own naval disaster.
That year, Drake led an attack known as the invincible English or Counterarmada, with the aim of destroying the rest of Felipe's fleet while it was undergoing repairs in Santander.
It was a fiasco, in which 15,000 Englishmen were killed, and many of the 86 ships used in the attack were lost.
Very interesting
Excellent work!😊
Brilliant!
Outstanding! Thx a lot!
« England’s heroic victory », England doesn’t control the weather, where is the « heroic » victory?
turning up for work in the rain is heroic. especially when your clothes are made of soot and your shoes are slabs of dried cow dung...as they were back then.
Oi, mate my guy the sky is so much more brilliant than your guy in the sky! Let's fight over it! 😅
Ad infinitum
Queen Elizabeth 1 was one of our greatest Monarchs and will always be looked up upon by us true British natives.
Amazing analysis of what likely happened... thank you.
Great
Come out 9dys ago with computers dating back to the 90s well done CZcams !!!!
Right
LOL, yep Windows 98 SE
Yes, I strongly feel CZcams should post the creation date or at least the first 'showing' date (wherever it is shown - tv, cinema etc) of a video/film, along with the date of posting on CZcams.
Agreed. But "CZcams" didn't post this video. It's posted ON youtube by a channel named "our history". But yes, they could have provided some sourcing information.
@@sldjfkjasdlfj Good points. I hadn't thought about how this works, thanks.
we weren't told, that the dutch, also protestant, had a bop a them first, and it wasn't us, that defeated them, it was the weather, and, the trecherous rocks, around our coastline
I believe there are or were, but too treacherous conditions to find.
No you must have been reading the wrong books, it was Noddy and Big Ears.
You aint or we....
Thats not true. At the battle of the gravelines the english destroyed some spanish ships and made the rest of them have to sail around the british isles crashing on the rocks. Without the english navy england would have been invaded like it was by the romans, saxons, vikings and normans.
@@freneticness6927 that would be Britain and Ireland.... But as usual it was only the English who had the minerals fighting off a foreign invasion, whilst the other tribes hid in their hills instead of Uniting? , and by the time they did decide to pull their fingers out it was to late and the whole islands was lost..
Felipe II ruled England and ireland