Random variables | Probability and Statistics | Khan Academy

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  • čas přidán 5. 12. 2012
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    Basic idea and definitions of random variables
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    Probability and statistics on Khan Academy: We dare you to go through a day in which you never consider or use probability. Did you check the weather forecast? Busted! Did you decide to go through the drive through lane vs walk in? Busted again! We are constantly creating hypotheses, making predictions, testing, and analyzing. Our lives are full of probabilities! Statistics is related to probability because much of the data we use when determining probable outcomes comes from our understanding of statistics. In these tutorials, we will cover a range of topics, some which include: independent events, dependent probability, combinatorics, hypothesis testing, descriptive statistics, random variables, probability distributions, regression, and inferential statistics. So buckle up and hop on for a wild ride. We bet you're going to be challenged AND love it!
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Komentáře • 126

  • @Barnekkid
    @Barnekkid Před 11 lety +453

    Why didn't they explain it this way in school? No, instead they turned it into some great big effing mystery until three fourths of the class lost interest.

    • @reinforcer9000
      @reinforcer9000 Před 3 lety +33

      you didn't get it back then cuz you didn't have interest in it. you get it now because you're prepared and interested in it, which is evident in you searching for it on youtube. I'm willing to bet both instructions were more or less similar.

    • @hambonefakenamington69
      @hambonefakenamington69 Před 3 lety +2

      @@reinforcer9000 wow that makes sense

    • @andrii5054
      @andrii5054 Před 3 lety +39

      @@reinforcer9000 That's not true, I've just heard a lecture on random variables. The instructor hasn't given us a single example, just abstract definitions. On the other hand, Khan's video has taught me the intuition in 5 minutes.

    • @TheLynLyn57
      @TheLynLyn57 Před 3 lety +19

      @@reinforcer9000 Wrong.

    • @manas1743
      @manas1743 Před 3 lety +15

      Because, most probably ,they didn't know it that well themselves.

  • @WateryIce54321
    @WateryIce54321 Před 9 lety +242

    Well, we're at a high enough level at this point. I'm sure others can agree by now when I say - looking forward to another great semester with you Sal. In Calculus 1 you were my backup teacher. But, ever since multi dimensional Calculus its like my actual professors are the backup. Truly, I envy your ability to explain topics so clearly.

    • @pranavjain9799
      @pranavjain9799 Před 2 lety

      best comment ever

    • @university3403
      @university3403 Před rokem +1

      what's up with you now? :)

    • @WateryIce54321
      @WateryIce54321 Před rokem +2

      @@university3403 Every 2 years I find a use for the binomial probability calculator and still eagerly await a real-world problem that justifies years of memorizing calculus formulas alongside this random variable magic.

    • @university3403
      @university3403 Před rokem

      ​@@WateryIce54321 that is scary to me and I'm now in a crisis, AGAIN. :")

    • @WateryIce54321
      @WateryIce54321 Před rokem +1

      @@university3403 Oop, sorry! A less critical view - you're challenging yourself to think in different ways, working on your ability to memorize things, and it leaves more options open for the future! There's engineering and physics problems in the world being modeled with these tools.

  • @abhirawat1889
    @abhirawat1889 Před 8 lety +118

    I have logged in just to say "thank you for the wonderful lecture".

  • @danielcohenemail
    @danielcohenemail Před 2 lety +25

    as a senior in engineering i come back to khan academy occasionally after years of listening to sals voice it now has become quite nostalgic

  • @mayurp3958
    @mayurp3958 Před 11 měsíci +9

    How I understand randomness is that it's a measure of knowing that an event will occur but being unsure about its outcome. Hence, we use random variables to map out (or quantify) the outcomes of those random events.

  • @brco2003
    @brco2003 Před 11 lety +26

    A lot of people struggle with probability because they skip over this introductory concept, dismissing it as basic and taking it for granted. However, a solid grasp of this concept will pay dividends when one encounters the core concepts of probability theory and statistics. Thanks, Sal!

  • @aregayteklay1267
    @aregayteklay1267 Před 7 lety +7

    very impressive explanation

  • @DrCycotic
    @DrCycotic Před rokem +2

    I am so glad you exist. Thanks for such a nice and clean explanation

  • @BoZhaoengineering
    @BoZhaoengineering Před 4 lety +9

    Khan academy is like a video Wikipedia in academic.

  • @jessicafessler
    @jessicafessler Před rokem +18

    you're literally the only reason why I'm managing to get through my business degree

  • @kamolaablazova8444
    @kamolaablazova8444 Před 4 lety +10

    Hello, I always listen to your lessons, I like your speech, you explain the lesson, Please send me simpler textbooks on probability theory and mathematical statistics, from Uzbekistan, teacher Kamola

  • @anshpradhan1954
    @anshpradhan1954 Před 3 lety +8

    Voice is too dope 🔥🔥🔥

  • @fuzzywuzzyangel7646
    @fuzzywuzzyangel7646 Před 6 lety +31

    You're literally my life saver through college.

    • @priyanshuyadav4438
      @priyanshuyadav4438 Před 2 lety +1

      in college??
      we have this in high school in India

    • @conversation2581
      @conversation2581 Před 2 lety +1

      @@priyanshuyadav4438 we do to. But you need to understand the basics, before you can start solving complex examples that come in college or university

    • @w0nnafight
      @w0nnafight Před rokem

      @@priyanshuyadav4438 who cares about india

  • @djganit
    @djganit Před 4 lety +2

    Very good explanation

  • @KeyserTheRedBeard
    @KeyserTheRedBeard Před 2 lety +6

    excellent video Khan Academy. I smashed the thumbs up on your video. Maintain up the solid work.

  • @neenaji1
    @neenaji1 Před rokem +1

    The question is about variables.
    We would say that “height” is a variable. In my mind, “height” does not just represent different values, like 2, 45, or 75. It represents values + units: 2 feet, 45 feet, or 75 feet.
    However, when we work with variables mathematically, I believe that we think of them as solely representing values / numbers. For example, we will say statements such as:
    height = 2
    weight = height + 4
    weight = 6
    It seems confusing to me to have to think about variables in 2 different ways. Could you explain if I’m thinking correctly? How do you recommend thinking about variables so that I can do statistics most effectively?
    Please reply.
    Thank you

    • @Tubemaster32
      @Tubemaster32 Před 11 měsíci

      "height" is not a variable but a geometrical concept
      a variable in math simply stands for anything, it is a placeholder
      variables can be anything, so you can assign some value with a unit or way more complex things, to a single variable
      think of variables as a placeholder that allow you to generalize a problem's parameters, so you can provide a more purposeful solution. The variable does represent every/any element out of a given set. They are very handy.

  • @Fennecfox10
    @Fennecfox10 Před 4 lety +5

    A random variable is the same an event? My book tends to use capital X as 'random variable' for probability problems and they use capital A, B, C for Events, subsets of a sample space.Furthermore, capital omega is random space for probability and sample space when discussing events.
    Sorry if I made poor distinction, but I don't understand why they is a distinction.
    Perhaps a random variable is a specific kind of Event where it is a 'real valued function, and similarily for random space being a type of sample space.

    • @CathyZhang
      @CathyZhang Před 2 lety +5

      Random variables are functions that map events to the real number line.

    • @chadchad6531
      @chadchad6531 Před 2 lety

      yes. I'd add to this that by events, we usually mean a text or sth. I used to think that random variables looks sth like this: when rolling a dice the domain={1,2,3,4,5,6}, and the value of a given point is how many times we rolled the given number. NO!! Random variable looks like this- a random point in the domain is "rolling a 6" and you ASSIGN a 6 to that. This is what I didn't understand, just writing it down differently if someone happened to still not get it.

  • @helenpark175
    @helenpark175 Před 3 lety +2

    Better than my uni prof

  • @poornimas620
    @poornimas620 Před 7 lety +1

    please upload problems related to it and discrete probability distribution function

    • @nakulsharma748
      @nakulsharma748 Před 3 lety

      poornima please contact to me nakul_vats_052 insta id , i`ve no ida about that please help me

  • @jonathanmulugeta6807
    @jonathanmulugeta6807 Před 5 lety +1

    thanks

  • @haneyguitarinstruction6260
    @haneyguitarinstruction6260 Před 8 hodinami

    This is THE holy grail to trading

  • @ceonchoga
    @ceonchoga Před 4 lety +1

    Nice one

  • @pillsberrydoughboy4542
    @pillsberrydoughboy4542 Před 6 lety +15

    him shaking the mouse like that is making me nervous irl

  • @pedrogaleano6722
    @pedrogaleano6722 Před 4 lety +5

    Very clear explanation! Thank you very much

  • @FatCat-lr2yq
    @FatCat-lr2yq Před 2 měsíci

    What a fruitful topic

  • @mosels9339
    @mosels9339 Před 4 lety +2

    I liked this video. it's so helpful

  • @11-berkeleyroyyuriahkelly89

    what my teacher taught us is this
    ex. Number of tails in tossing a coin thrice
    ans. {0, 1, 2, 3}

  • @MindfulSapient
    @MindfulSapient Před 3 lety +5

    Hi! Is this the engineering level Probability and statistics course? I need a place to revise all my engineering mathematics courses including differential and integral calculus, multivariable calculus, linear algebra, differential equations, probability and random variables, numerical methods. Kindly let me know if the maths section here on Khan Academy covers these courses.

    • @danielcohenemail
      @danielcohenemail Před 2 lety

      if your too dumb to go on his website and check the topics yourself then your prob not cut off for all that math

    • @mechickenburp4927
      @mechickenburp4927 Před 10 měsíci +1

      ​@@danielcohenemailthats absolutely not too brother, dont be so quick to judge. People much smarter than us have discovered much more mathemtical formulas without ever using technology. We never know anyone's condition but instead should motivate each other to keep pursuing knowledge

  • @SivaKumar-rv1nn
    @SivaKumar-rv1nn Před 3 lety

    Thankyou sir

  • @malteeaser101
    @malteeaser101 Před 5 lety +1

    Did it make sense to find the expected value of X when it is assigned by the first method, where you arbitrarily choose random numbers to enumerate heads and tails?

  • @vladimirprotein3275
    @vladimirprotein3275 Před 4 měsíci

    Khan Academy to the rescue!!

  • @balakurna8336
    @balakurna8336 Před 4 lety +1

    Let A and B be disjoint events and such that p(A)>0 and p(B)>0 are they dependent or independent??

  • @Rocks740
    @Rocks740 Před 2 lety

    Example mixed Random Variable

  • @ghaith99000
    @ghaith99000 Před 3 lety +1

    what is the difference between random variables and events?

    • @shrutimanimegalai3541
      @shrutimanimegalai3541 Před 3 lety

      I'll try to explain using the first example. Here the event is the coin falling heads or tails. The random variable is the value you assign to the event before it happens, using a function.

  • @arbertmateotambong2691
    @arbertmateotambong2691 Před 5 lety +1

    Very helpful this video..

  • @nazltel4794
    @nazltel4794 Před 8 lety +6

    help

  • @schannerashid89
    @schannerashid89 Před 2 lety

    So the random variable is similiar to substitution?

  • @krishnakrmahto97
    @krishnakrmahto97 Před 6 lety +2

    how is a random process defined? on the basis of outcomes?

  • @jagritichanda982
    @jagritichanda982 Před rokem

    I'm confused. The number should be Y

  • @fuckooo
    @fuckooo Před 11 lety +2

    Random variables are what Donald Rumsfeld called 'known unknowns'.

  • @user-mh3tp8gw7q
    @user-mh3tp8gw7q Před 8 měsíci

    it is important vedio

  • @hughjazz4736
    @hughjazz4736 Před 4 lety +2

    I should just give my tuition to you

    • @cashele
      @cashele Před 3 lety

      lmaooo right! he's the only one actually teaching us!

  • @selvam5788
    @selvam5788 Před 5 měsíci +2

    why do we need random variable in first place?

  • @victorreloadedCHANEL
    @victorreloadedCHANEL Před 7 lety +6

    I don't understand one thing:
    If you see random variable as function from sample space into Real number , the first example is okay , but how about the second one ? What would be the function there? It seems as sometimes random variables might be seen as the experiment itself ... like in the second example.. I hope I have made myself clear ..
    Thank you

    • @chuchucat7387
      @chuchucat7387 Před 7 lety +3

      A random variable can be defined as a function of 1 or more other random variables. This is what he was illustrating with the variable Y. Y is defined as sum(X_i) for i = 1,...,7. There is a whole algebra of random variables that lets us understand functions of random variables as random variables themselves. The case illustrated here is very well understood. X is what we call a Bernoulli random variable and Y is a binomial random variable.

    • @lolvivo8783
      @lolvivo8783 Před 2 lety

      @@chuchucat7387 How different is random variable from sample space? I think they are both same but otherwise they wouldnt have been named different.

    • @chuchucat7387
      @chuchucat7387 Před 2 lety

      @@lolvivo8783 the sample space is the set of values a random variable can take. Essentially, It is a property of a random variable.

  • @alakumar4480
    @alakumar4480 Před 8 lety +1

    how about non-random variable ? anyone can explain ?

    • @AForAsh
      @AForAsh Před 7 lety +1

      eg for non-random variables - Flavour topping a customer chooses, ethnicity of customers, mode of payment etc. These are non-numeric values and there is no randomness in it and hence non-random variable. Please do correct if I am wrong.

    • @Myndir
      @Myndir Před 6 lety +2

      "Non-random variables" are just "variables".
      Random variables aren't really variables, but functions.

  • @jouzamujtaba7262
    @jouzamujtaba7262 Před 2 lety

    Done

  • @fayolamaulida1663
    @fayolamaulida1663 Před 3 lety

    Thank you so much!

    • @nakulsharma748
      @nakulsharma748 Před 3 lety

      hey please gie me overview of this theory please help me

  • @juanpablodt
    @juanpablodt Před 11 lety +1

    My teacher used half a class to teach this and no one unterstood anything. He should have just put this video and it would have been way clearer.

  • @FilmBuffBros
    @FilmBuffBros Před 9 lety +21

    Sooo confusing. What do dice have to do with coin flips?
    So many undefined terms too.

  • @mirueofblackdesertonline2504

    not clear to my current situation, maybe i dont personally take this as serious as my prof. What i want is direct lesson ( formulas, examples, solution, discussion on how to get this and etc) somehow i dont find this helpful but tnx

  • @yashwantsingh5328
    @yashwantsingh5328 Před 7 lety

    how to find expectation of reciprocal of random variable

  • @mayssa8790
    @mayssa8790 Před 2 měsíci

    tomorrow is my exam wish me luck

  • @aybaws
    @aybaws Před rokem

    Are these “random variables” in the room with us right now?

  • @sakhafadilah4037
    @sakhafadilah4037 Před rokem +1

    gg bang

  • @mhlee6739
    @mhlee6739 Před 4 lety +4

    Rolling 7 dice, why not less than 42 but 30?? Somebody help me

    • @anirudhkannan9
      @anirudhkannan9 Před 4 lety +2

      Arbitrary example. Can be less than 42 as well.

  • @raflalink
    @raflalink Před 9 lety +1

    Question, that has nothing to do whith the subject. What software do you use to write?!?!?

  • @user-gi8fs6xl5o
    @user-gi8fs6xl5o Před 6 lety +1

    I absolutely dont like the black bg

  • @pajeetsingh
    @pajeetsingh Před 2 lety

    upward face lol

  • @dollydread8274
    @dollydread8274 Před 5 lety +29

    I still dont get it. Lmao

  • @simplypevey5278
    @simplypevey5278 Před 2 lety +1

    Can you teach at my school in every class I have for math you literally teach me everything my teachers can't explain anything clearly I took Stats in senior year of Highschool and that teacher was better then my senior year of college SMH

  • @clickandlogin
    @clickandlogin Před 3 lety +2

    i thought it was corpse husband at first 😳

  • @SainathKrishnamurthy
    @SainathKrishnamurthy Před 11 lety +1

    six

  • @davedavesnothereman2515

    Be easy to learn if your voice didn't put people to sleep

  • @Pages_Perfected
    @Pages_Perfected Před 3 lety

    so if i watched this am i going to get a 100 ?

  • @nazltel4794
    @nazltel4794 Před 8 lety

    İ want turkish video

    • @nazltel4794
      @nazltel4794 Před 8 lety

      +cevelry I understand turkish . how the learn english ?

  • @atiqasafdar9103
    @atiqasafdar9103 Před 5 lety +1

    Its not so clear 😑😤

  • @syed5867
    @syed5867 Před 4 lety

    Explain in hindi

  • @ganeshvalsalasanal4337

    please stop shaking the pointer all the time

  • @abhishekadhikari6469
    @abhishekadhikari6469 Před 5 lety

    Please talk hindi

  • @stephenprice3357
    @stephenprice3357 Před 6 lety

    i always lose interest while watching khan academy