CN 5: Trigeminal Nerve (Scheme, Divisions, Pathway) | Neuroanatomy

Content:
Introduction: 0:00
Trigeminal nerve scheme: 01:05
Trigeminal nerve nucleus: 08:19
Course of the trigeminal nerve: 09:57
Ophthalmic Nerve (V1): 10:49
Maxillary Nerve (V2): 14:07
Mandibular Nerve (V3): 19:05
Clinical Relevance: 22:40
Recap: 23:26
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Course of the trigeminal nerve:
Distribution of nuclei in the brainstem:
- Mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal nerve (nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini) receives proprioceptive information from the masticatory, mimetic and extra-ocular muscles
- Principal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (nucleus principalis nervi trigemini) receives information about fine touch, vibration and some proprioception
- Spinal nucleus of trigeminal nerve (nucleus spinalis nervi trigemini) receives information about crude touch, pain and temperature
- Motor nucleus of trigeminal nerve (nucleus motorius nervi trigemini) innervates the muscles of the first pharyngeal arch: masticatory muscles (masseter, temporalis, lateral and medial pterygoid), tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, anterior belly of the digastric and the mylohyoid
Trigeminal nerve course:
- Leave the anterior aspect of pons
- Sensory root from trigeminal ganglion, motor root goes with the mandibular branch.
Ophthalmic nerve (nervus ophthalmicus) (V1):
- Tentorial Branch (ramus tentorius)
- Lacrimal nerve (nervus lacrimalis)
- Frontal nerve (nervus frontalis)
○ Supratrochlear nerve (nervus supratrochlearis)
○ Supraorbital nerve (nervus supraorbitalis)
§ Medial branch (ramus medialis)
§ Lateral branch (ramus lateralis)
- Nasociliary nerve (nervus nasociliaris)
○ Communicating branch with ciliary ganglion (ramus communicans cum ganglio ciliari)
○ Long ciliary nerves (nervi ciliares longi)
○ Posterior ethmoidal nerve (nervus ethmoidalis posterior)
○ Anterior ethmoidal nerve (nervus ethmoidalis anterior)
○ Infratrochlear nerve (nervus infratrochlearis)
Maxillary nerve (nervus maxillaris) (V2):
- Meningeal Branch (ramus meningeus)
- Zygomatic nerve (nervus zygomaticus)
○ Zygomaticofacial branch (ramus zygomaticofacialis)
○ Zygomaticotemporal branch (nervus zygomaticotemporalis)
- Infraorbital nerve (nervus infraorbitalis)
○ Inferior palpebral branches (rami palpebrales inferiores)
○ Superior labial branches (rami labiales superiores)
○ External nasal branches (rami nasales externi)
○ Internal nasal branches (rami nasales interni)
- Posterior superior alveolar branches (rami alveolares superiores posteriores)
○ Superior dental branches (rami dentales superiores)
○ Superior gingival branches (rami gingivales superiores)
- Anterior superior alveolar branches and middle superior alveolar branch (rami alveolares superiores anteriores et ramus alveolaris superior medius)
○ Superior dental branches (rami dentales superiores)
○ Superior gingival branches (rami gingivales superiores)
- Posterior nasal branches (rami nasales posteriores)
- Greater palatine nerve (nervus palatinus major) and lesser palatine nerves (nervi palatini minores)
- Pharyngeal nerve (nervus pharyngeus)
Mandibular nerve (nervus mandibularis) V3
- Meningeal branch (ramus meningeus)
- Buccal nerve (nervus buccalis)
- Auriculotemporal nerve (nervus auriculotemporalis)
- Inferior alveolar nerve (nervus alveolaris inferior)
○ Mental nerve (nervus mentalis)
- Lingual nerve (nervus lingualis)
Sources:
- Singh, I. (2017). Human neuroanatomy (10th ed.).
Helwany M, Bordoni B. Neuroanatomy, Cranial Nerve 1 (Olfactory) [Updated 2022 Aug 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-
- Kozlowski, T. (2017). Memorix Anatomy: The Complete Study Guide. 2nd ed. Thieme Medical Publishers.
Pictures and visuals:
- Complete Anatomy
- Biorender
- Powerpoint
- Camtasia 2021

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