Hehe scientists always pretend that there is a bigger cause behind their work as a main reason. Of course its because they are cool as F**K. Its like storm chasers. They always say they want to help humanity with finding out more knowledge about weather, and then they drive inside a Tornado.. Bullshit, we all know why..
"They're like the fire-breathing bat-winged vampire rainbow zebra unicorns of astrophysical phenomena." How have I been able to get through life without this image in my head?
Are you trying to show of saying that you have read or are interested in space matters saying your thirteen, otherwise why would you have afirmed that. Pathetic kid that wants to brag on the internet cause in his real life has nothing to brag about
David Wührer what's this about? will there be a quasar activity starting in the Andromeda galaxy soon? or it's already started and the light will reach us soon and we will be able to see it?
Golam Murshed he's talking about the possibility that when the Milky way and the Andromeda galaxies fuse, the combined black hole might become a quasar again. It was even mentioned in the video...
Astrophysics grad student here. It is doubtful that Milkomeda (the merged galaxy of the Milky Way & Andromeda) will be able to form a quasar. The resulting central black hole will be far less massive (and hence less able to power greater luminosities) than those measured for quasars, and by the time the two galaxies merge most of the interstellar gas in both will be used up. Quasars require a large input of gas, as well as a supermassive black hole that is large enough to accrete really luminous matter without letting it get flung away by radiation pressure. It is possible that Milkomeda will have an AGN, but it won't be a quasar. The quasar era is long since past.
When my dad was in college he needed one of those easy classes for credit so he took a class on quasars & black holes in the universe. He was not a science student, and he took a class on astrophysics because he thought it would be easy. (facepalm)
Everyone thinks that about stuff they don't know. Any kind of sport is just kicking a ball around, video games are beep and boop noises, writing a novel is just a lot of typing and of course science is just memorizing a textbook.
This is true. I first got into astronomy in grade school, a lot of the "facts" from back then have been corrected over the 30 years since. My texts were from the 70's and earlier and it seems like they hardly knew anything at the time. They definitely treated black holes and quasars as completely separate and wholly unrelated objects. But then again, we are only 100 years removed from the notion that our own galaxy is part of a much larger universe.
Matt, whatever they're paying you, it's not enough.The topics are well-written, thorough and presented clearly in a relaxed manner. You always do an excellent job. Thanks!
This confidently and concisely answers one of the questions from the Space Core entrance exam: "What does the red spectrum tell us about quasars?" It also delves into some of Mr. Rimmer's further questions, "What is a spectrum, what is a red one, why is it red, and why is it so frequently linked with quasars?"
" i selfmedicate whit marijuana beacuse i am un-happy and the only way i can get trough a day is to get high. But don't worry, i tell my self im not addicted everyday so its not a problem" I went ahead and Translated that from stoner to normal for you. Stoner : you cant get addicted to weed man!!!!! Normal person: Then why are you smoking every single day ? Stoner: beacuse i want too!! Normal person: you want to sit at home isolated from society instead of being outside whit the rest of uss? Stoner: whatever il go get high and forget this conversation! Peace 420.. ( and the cycle repeats it self untli the stoner realise its a looser)
It certainly does but considering the power just one star puts out I doubt that any civilization would need or even be able to manipulate the power of millions of them. Nevertheless I would like to see it depicted in a movie in the near future.
I imagine the hypernationalist aliens of Galaxy A guzzling their galaxy's power with a "Hummer" Jersey Shore lifestyle, and eventually saying they were "forced" to go to war with energy-rich Galaxy B as a holy quest to gain "energy independence"
1:28 [Insert joke here about something being considered metal from an astronomer's point of view not being all that impressive because it only implies it's not just hydrogen or helium.]
This video reminded me of a book I read as a child. It was the '92 edition of the book, originally published in '87. On a page called 'Galaxy's that look like stars' was an illustration of a blurry white/blue blob. They called it a quasar, though the style of writing suggested there was still some speculation about exactly what that meant at the time. I remember the thought of what that big, bright, high-speed blob actually was always gripped me.
Excellent presentation! Your videos are the best place to absorb some high level views of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, quantum mechanics, and so much more. You are a treasure to all who thirst for knowledge about the Cosmos...
I can just imagine being a sentient life form several billion years from now after the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies collide and looking up to the night sky to see a giant quasar beam coming from a visible galactic center, carving the entire night sky in half, from horizon to horizon.
Dude just called out "wrong picture of astronomical phenomena" by name- +100 player points are being added to your life-resume, you can exchange them for cool prices in the afterlife 😀
When my interest in the cosmos began as a young boy, black holes were theoretical but I don't think anyone knew quite where to find them. Pulsars, neutron stars and quasars were the strangest and most exciting thing we knew of, again there were lots of theories about them. This is a nice update on how much our knowledge of the cosmos has increased since I was a child. Of course gravity waves is another exciting thing to have been detected and confirmed.
I love how this channel has a real "no bullshit" -attitude: no drama, no clickbaiting, no hyping, no over mystifying weird phenomenon, actual science... There are so many other science channels that just feel like a shitty Hollywood movie compared to this.
Teth47 oh yeah I know right...I watched a video where a guy argued that science is just a stepping stone towards religion...I lost a few gray cells with that
sasandora ah yes this takes me back though ,because I remember when Discovery Channel was about science once, now we have ghost Hunters and ufologists...jebus christ
Can you show me the video?... Religious gurus trying to understand science let alone make theory of there own always made me laugh. If you want the finest of those, search Zahir Naik theory of evolution. Beware though you'll lose some brain cells!
Imagine a planet that is lit by the light of a Quasar instead of a star. Or both at the same time, resulting in a wonky day/noght cycle where sometimes there’s shortened or no night at all or a day-time with a star and the quasar.
I think you underestimate the size of a quasar. But at any rate you'd be fried if you stood on that planet, and any solid planet would be stretched and torn by tidal forces.
@@georgeparkins777 I think if the quasar is reasonably far away there would still be a lot of light but no damaging tidal forces. I'd be more worried about nasty sunburns or worse. Quasars put out everything including ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.
@@georgie3 I'm sure if life were to evolve in such a circumstance, the inhabitants of the planet would develop some immunity to the electromagnetic radiation. But yeah, if humans tried to go to the planet we'd get rekt
seriously, why would anyone 'dislike' this video? these guys are just trying to educate you ffs, and unlike many other educational youtube vids these guys are actually experts in the field of their subject matter.
Not for long. Looks like Trump will shut down funding for PBS to stop this horrible Satanic stuff from corrupting minds of innocent, pure Americans. From now on they will only have Bible Time.
First off, I love this channel. Keep doing what you do. Second, would it be possible to do a video on Verlinde's Theory of Emergent Gravity? I've been combing through the paper on and off and some of it is a bit mind boggling, and I'd love to know your opinion and critiques on it, as I do not have the necessary background (yet) to substantiate any critiques myself.
I was extremely fascinated by Quasars when I was very young (Pulsars and others could not grab as much attention and interest as Quasars and their extreme Giga-light-year distances from us back in the day).
Rouge Planets ejected from systems doomed to travel in the darkness only ever being viewed for a glimpse as they pass beyond the light of fellow travelers.
Imagine a thing that travel so fast at 99.99999999...% the speed of light, it will get a lot of mass and become a black hole, now you have a massive black destructor of galaxies that you will never see or feel, because you will die, that is one option for the flying robot narwhal of the space
Just wondering, if you could do an episode about time crystals? Really love your channel, thanks for giving me a new insight to our universe everytime I watch your videos.
An orbit anywhere near the accretion disk of a quasar would be disrupted and the matter there would be thrown into the swirling chasm that is the black hole center. Time dilation would only be in affect feel-able as you got closer to the black hole.
Quasars are putting out enough energy to sterilize half their host galaxy. Technically you could orbit it stably anywhere in the galaxy in the same way that our sun is orbiting a black hole as we speak, but to experience significant time dilation you'd want to be somewhere in the 'solar system sized lump of gas shining as bright as a star' which is... not the most hospitable of places.
Yes it is. The time would flow about 4 times slower for you, than the rest of the Universe. So if 5 years pass for you, 20 years pass in normal space. You could travel in time pretty easily (only forwards). However, if you want to get closer, you'll get even more time dilation, until you get to the Event Horizon, where time stops completely. But if you pass that point, there's no turning back. All your future paths merge into the singularity, way before you reach the Event Horizon. I believe PBS Space Time talked about this in its last couple of videos.
Oh, they're called quasars after "quasi-stellar radio sources?" I thought, since the black holes are actively feeding, they got queasy from eating too much... queasy-stellar radio sources. ;)
Pablo Uriel Porchakis DNews, SciShow, SciShow Space are the ones I try to always comment on. But sometimes also: minute earth, it's okay to be smart, physics girl, vsauce1-3, thoughty2. You can look at my subscriptions on my channel, if you're really that curious ^_^
Feynstein 100 Yeah, I've watched a few of Eugene's videos, they're really good. I love the animations. I should give them another look and maybe subscribe. I recently subbed to Isaac Arthur, you might like him ^_^
Master Therion, I see you a lot too. Just to throw in my two cents, check out Nerdwriter1 and Crashcourse, and if you haven't Gordon White's Rune Soup, Radio Free Golgotha and Blazing Star O.T.O ;)
i heard that from hawking radiation you can work out what was in the black hole, 2 questions: should hawking radiation fall back into the black hole immediately or join the accretion disk? and, how do you know what the black hole is made out of inside the event horison from looking at the hawking radiation?
Cake InFlames Information being conserved by a blackhole doesn't mean we can identify anything based on it. It simply means that a black hole could evaporate over time due to pairs of virtual particles (hawking radiation) popping into existence right on the event horizon so that one will be pulled in while the other escapes. Basically matter continues to exist in some form inside the event horizon.
Quasars are the best things in the universe. a super massive black hole billions of times larger than our sun and trillions of times brighter. if I were to be a celestial object I want to be a quasar.
Something occurred to me. Gravitational waves (GW) we detected came from two merging black holes (BH) and the BH shed many suns worth of mass (turned into GW) in the process of merging. But how did that mass "escape" if nothing, not even light can? And how can the GW themselves, which also travel at the speed of light get out into the universe?
maybe its about "Hawking radiation"? I don't really know what that is tho. I didn't know mass can be turned into gravity wave...hopefully someone answers, there was a grad student few comments above!
I'll give it a try. You need to consider the two black holes as a system. So let's just assume to keep this as simple as possible that we have two mass points orbiting each other. At a certain moment in time the two points are a certain distance D away from each other, this distance can be seen as gravitational potential energy. It is this energy (the binding energy sort of speak) that gets radiated away via the gravitational waves. As they lose their potential energy, the distance D keeps on getting smaller and smaller till the point that they merge when we have a last flurry of gravitational energy blast that was detected by ligo. So the energy isn't coming out of the black holes or from hawking radiation since that is too small to generate gravitational waves that are felt till here but from their systems gravitational energy. I hope this was clear enough?
A great Video with a beautifull subject!!!!Hopefully i willl be able to study my self these phenomena and to post them on my channel....!Thank you guys you are an inspiration!!!I am studying physics and made a channel myself. Keep up the good work
I've watched hours of your videos and I finally found an error! The correct plural of radio antenna is antennas, not antennae. Antennae are biological.
Is the radius of the event horizon of a black hole equal to its Schwarzschild radius? Also, can you explain what the photon sphere is and what kind of strange properties it has?
Kai Widman yes to the first, schwarzchild radius and event horizon radius are the same thing. Can't help with the second though, sorry. Good luck on your homework
Kai Widman [Disclaimer: This post may be (and probably is) unreliable, it's been a while since I last checked Wikipedia and such.] The Photon Sphere is a hypothetical spherical (obviously) region around the horizon of a black hole, far enough away from the horizon such that it allows for a photon (or any other massless particle) to orbit the black hole, because of the nature of space time and gravitational distortion. I believe the exact distance is the Schwarzchild radius multiplied by a small constant, though I have not bothered to memorize its actual value. I think I read something that stated that the orbit of a photon at the photon sphere would never be truly stable, because of tiny fluctuations in the horizon, which would either force a photon into the black hole or off into space. [Disclaimer: Again, I could be wrong about all of this.]
The Schwarzschild radius is equal to the radius of the event horizon of an uncharged, non-rotating black hole. Real astrophysical black holes are rotating quickly, so the Schwarzschild metric is usually not a very good approximation. Instead, the Kerr metric must be used. This metric is much more complicated and has unusual features like an "ergosphere" outside the event horizon in which all bodies must co-rotate with the black hole. It does still feature a true event horizon (shaped like an oblate spheroid, with axis aligned with the black hole's axis of rotation) and a physical singularity, although the singularity is not a point at the center but rather a "ring" (a circle) around the center. True black holes might not only rotate but also be electrically charged, in which case the more general Kerr-Newman metric is required. However, since the bulk of the material forming a black hole is expected to be electrically neutral, any total electric charge should be negligible, and this appears to be true based on observation of accretion disks. So in practice, the Kerr metric is sufficiently accurate.
The photon sphere of a Schwarzschild black hole is the surface below which stable orbits are impossible. Specifically, on the photon sphere, light can orbit the black hole in a circular orbit, with orbital speed _c_. The radius of this sphere is 1.5 times the Schwarzschild radius (radius of the event horizon). Between the photon sphere and the event horizon, it is still possible to escape the black hole by applying a force directly away from the black hole (like firing a rocket), but nothing will just passively escape because it is moving so quickly (the way a comet might skirt by the sun without falling in). A Kerr black hole has two photon surfaces: an oblate spheroid for observers orbiting the black hole in the opposite direction as its rotation and an inscribed prolate spheroid for observers orbiting the black hole in the same direction as its rotation. This means you can orbit a rotating black hole closer around its equator in the same direction as its rotation than you can in any other orbit.
That's actually a very good question. I was thinking about that when wondering whether or not Quasars were actually metal enough to create, well... metals.
haha you know so much about them? I bet the average temperature is... but im almost positive near the event horizon, where particles are slung near light speed, are bound to fuse with others.
This video explains everything that How The Universe Works episode on Quasars does and far more, but far more clear and in 1/4th the time. Best science show on the internet.
after watching all these space channels, i kinda understand why life is so rare. space is bad for life. we are pretty lucky that we made it this far. i do think how ever that there is more life in the universe, but there is a big chance we are the only intellegent life(read space faring) in the galaxy. we might find some bacteria and single cell organisems or even plants/animals. but dont get your hopes up. the more reason to keep our earth livable. and also populate the rest of the local group. but lets focus on the solar system for now.
I hate to use the word "feel" in a science based channel, but I am getting the same outlook. Lifeforms like humans (sentient and technological) need to evolve on a planet that is large enough to hold on to an atmosphere, but not too large to become a water world or gas giant. It needs to be in the habitable zone, but most star systems we have observed include Hot Jupiter exoplanets which would fling earth sized planets out of the solar system. Our sun is NOT a common star.. Most are red dwarfs with very active solar flares blasting its habitable zone. A planet needs a magnetic field to keep solar wind from blasting the atmosphere away.. And a large moon to stabilze the axis of spin.. And these are only the some of the issues my limited knowledge sees as necessary.. Life like bacterium might be pretty common (Say, One in a million solar systems), but a civilization at least as technologically advanced as humans in the late 20th century?? Perhaps there is only a handful in an entire galaxy at any one time. And we are on a clock.. Once the planet loses its magnetic field or we allow Nationalism or Tribalism to destroy us..
Not to be overly critical, but space and time is far too vast, the empahsis that has been placed on black holes as of late is a bit repetitve, the episode on the emdrive was a welcome break from this subject, and i would really enjoy a more balanced tour of the many areas of the physics concerning space and time.
Check again, there have been 5 videos discussing black holes in the last 4 months, far above other topics, and physics is so cool, vast, and ever changing, i dont think you can ever run out of interesting topics to talk about.
PBS *Space Time*. I would urge you to be more specific about what physics of/related -to space to which you are referring. Personally I have been asking for an episode on Quasars and Blazars since around 6 months ago when I found this channel and there was a different host. I really appreciate this episode actually.
Man you just got a subscriber alot of space education is interesting but can be a pain trying to process and understand everything. This video is very good and chill.
Cutest of sexy bearded monsters, I have a question for you - Can you give me an educated estimate for (a) a dormant galactic mass black hole and (b) a very active dormant galactic black hole of respective accretion disk (ring system?) (1) thickness (2) greatest possible wideness, (3) mass distribution along the disk (4) how close matter "piles up" close to the central event horizon, (5) the state of matter, in tangible terms over the disk (6) radiation in the disk across varied distances from the black hole, (6) state of turbulence of the material orbiting the black hole, (7) coagulation of matter in the accretion disk system, i.e. planets, brown dwarfs, stars ...
"But I don't just study them because they are cool."
Let's be honest, that is the main reason, though.
Hehe scientists always pretend that there is a bigger cause behind their work as a main reason. Of course its because they are cool as F**K. Its like storm chasers. They always say they want to help humanity with finding out more knowledge about weather, and then they drive inside a Tornado.. Bullshit, we all know why..
Bingo! Ya hit the nail on the head.
@@Haxmaxxen Goddamnit they’re on to us! Launch the mobile quasars!!!
@@Haxmaxxen
And a literal laser
"They're like the fire-breathing bat-winged vampire rainbow zebra unicorns of astrophysical phenomena."
How have I been able to get through life without this image in my head?
And when will they offer a tee shirt with this saying on it? Shut up and take my money.
*Quasars*: Making the Death Star look like an ant fart since 2,000,000,000BC.
lol at the "BC", I don't think a couple of thousand years is relevant here
Mario D. Zmaj so you wanted him to say 2,000,000,000? we got a little ways to go til then
That was before the big bang
No 9,999,999,999,999,999,999,999 B.C
L.O.L.
Thank You !
i have no clue what he is even saying 90% of the time but i love it!
Thanos lol
And u call ur self the most powerful being in the universe
Read the Cosmos my favorite book in the thirteen years of my life
@@Jasan_todd what does strength have to do with any of this
Are you trying to show of saying that you have read or are interested in space matters saying your thirteen, otherwise why would you have afirmed that. Pathetic kid that wants to brag on the internet cause in his real life has nothing to brag about
*_Milkdromeda: The Last Quasar_*
_Coming soon._
An epic nineteen milliard years in the making, coming to a radio telescope near you really soon now.
David Wührer what's this about? will there be a quasar activity starting in the Andromeda galaxy soon? or it's already started and the light will reach us soon and we will be able to see it?
Golam Murshed he's talking about the possibility that when the Milky way and the Andromeda galaxies fuse, the combined black hole might become a quasar again. It was even mentioned in the video...
Marik Zilberman oops sorry I has having dinner while watching might have missed him saying that
Astrophysics grad student here. It is doubtful that Milkomeda (the merged galaxy of the Milky Way & Andromeda) will be able to form a quasar. The resulting central black hole will be far less massive (and hence less able to power greater luminosities) than those measured for quasars, and by the time the two galaxies merge most of the interstellar gas in both will be used up. Quasars require a large input of gas, as well as a supermassive black hole that is large enough to accrete really luminous matter without letting it get flung away by radiation pressure. It is possible that Milkomeda will have an AGN, but it won't be a quasar. The quasar era is long since past.
When my dad was in college he needed one of those easy classes for credit so he took a class on quasars & black holes in the universe. He was not a science student, and he took a class on astrophysics because he thought it would be easy. (facepalm)
From the videos stand point, depending on how old your dad is they didn't know much back then so his text book was probs like 10 pages (14point font).
Everyone thinks that about stuff they don't know. Any kind of sport is just kicking a ball around, video games are beep and boop noises, writing a novel is just a lot of typing and of course science is just memorizing a textbook.
This is true. I first got into astronomy in grade school, a lot of the "facts" from back then have been corrected over the 30 years since. My texts were from the 70's and earlier and it seems like they hardly knew anything at the time. They definitely treated black holes and quasars as completely separate and wholly unrelated objects. But then again, we are only 100 years removed from the notion that our own galaxy is part of a much larger universe.
"Astrophysics can't be that hard." famous last words.
Reads introduction...
*Puts gun in mouth*
Matt, whatever they're paying you, it's not enough.The topics are well-written, thorough and presented clearly in a relaxed manner. You always do an excellent job. Thanks!
This confidently and concisely answers one of the questions from the Space Core entrance exam: "What does the red spectrum tell us about quasars?" It also delves into some of Mr. Rimmer's further questions, "What is a spectrum, what is a red one,
why is it red, and why is it so frequently linked with quasars?"
If the universe decides to destroy earth by quasar, I would be okay with it.
Nope, you'd be dead.
Breanna Thompson well, nothing can be done about such a fate. So who cares if puny humans are okay with it or not lol
Impossible.
Damstraight68 Why?
Blazars can only kill us, there is always a name for more terrifying than usual.
420 blazar
LMAO
Dank
Blazar? I barely even met her! BADUM TSS
" i selfmedicate whit marijuana beacuse i am un-happy and the only way i can get trough a day is to get high.
But don't worry, i tell my self im not addicted everyday so its not a problem"
I went ahead and Translated that from stoner to normal for you.
Stoner : you cant get addicted to weed man!!!!!
Normal person: Then why are you smoking every single day ?
Stoner: beacuse i want too!!
Normal person: you want to sit at home isolated from society instead of being outside whit the rest of uss?
Stoner: whatever il go get high and forget this conversation! Peace 420..
( and the cycle repeats it self untli the stoner realise its a looser)
@@megsinzoa7424 lol I go outside and smoke with the rest if them. I'm am what you would call a functioning pothead
"The most METAL of all the space things!" :D
I think he meant "the most mental", which I guess is Australian slang for "crazy" ...
@@jimmyb998 Um... are you deaf? It is extremely clear that he meant "metal." Even the subtitles say so...
"Quasars are the most metal of all the space things"
Well they orbit around The Heaviest Matter of The Universe
Neoclassicalblackenedprogdeathdjazzmetal
3:56 Aliens harnessing the power of an entire galaxy sounds cooler tbh.
It certainly does but considering the power just one star puts out I doubt that any civilization would need or even be able to manipulate the power of millions of them. Nevertheless I would like to see it depicted in a movie in the near future.
I imagine the hypernationalist aliens of Galaxy A guzzling their galaxy's power with a "Hummer" Jersey Shore lifestyle, and eventually saying they were "forced" to go to war with energy-rich Galaxy B as a holy quest to gain "energy independence"
Holy shit, I forgot how big our universe is.
idk
Giggle smith well it's easy to realize that the universe is big but to truly grasp its magnitude is mind boggling
pfft, I haven't even yet grasped its immensity
Holy shit, I forgot I had a pen jabbed into my leg.
Every single time I watch PBS space time
Did... did you say "close to my *HEARTS*"?
Are you saying you are a time lord!?
1:28
[Insert joke here about something being considered metal from an astronomer's point of view not being all that impressive because it only implies it's not just hydrogen or helium.]
What's even more metal are the transition (iron) and alkaline earth (magnesium) metals in our sun.
I think he meant metal in a "musical" sense 🤘🤘
fire breathing bat winged vampire rainbow zebra unicorn
But is it a shiny?
Tiara Ultima?
Not quite sure what 'zebra' adds to that combination :)
Stripes!
that can breath under the water and LAVA!
This video reminded me of a book I read as a child. It was the '92 edition of the book, originally published in '87. On a page called 'Galaxy's that look like stars' was an illustration of a blurry white/blue blob. They called it a quasar, though the style of writing suggested there was still some speculation about exactly what that meant at the time. I remember the thought of what that big, bright, high-speed blob actually was always gripped me.
Death Star: I am the most powerful weapon in the universe.
Quasars: This tiny death star popcorn tastes good.
A quasar's not a weapon. A black hole is!
@@SovereignStatesman a quasar is a blackhole
0:27 The whole series in 4 words! :)
Excellent presentation! Your videos are the best place to absorb some high level views of astronomy, astrophysics, cosmology, quantum mechanics, and so much more. You are a treasure to all who thirst for knowledge about the Cosmos...
I can just imagine being a sentient life form several billion years from now after the Andromeda and Milky Way galaxies collide and looking up to the night sky to see a giant quasar beam coming from a visible galactic center, carving the entire night sky in half, from horizon to horizon.
“Space stuff is awesome”
- that’s as much as I was able to follow
9:35 that's the jet from M87, not 3C273. otherwise amazing video!
Here's an x-ray image of 3C 273 taken by the Chandra X-ray Observatory: chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2000/0131/ . Not much difference.
Dude just called out "wrong picture of astronomical phenomena" by name- +100 player points are being added to your life-resume, you can exchange them for cool prices in the afterlife 😀
Yep. Downloaded it from nasa.gov.
" Your own, Personal, Spacetime Quasar is in the mail. Expect it in 2 to 4 Billion Years!"
Lol
"late relic from a more violent time" he should have been an astro poet
When my interest in the cosmos began as a young boy, black holes were theoretical but I don't think anyone knew quite where to find them. Pulsars, neutron stars and quasars were the strangest and most exciting thing we knew of, again there were lots of theories about them. This is a nice update on how much our knowledge of the cosmos has increased since I was a child. Of course gravity waves is another exciting thing to have been detected and confirmed.
"Fire-breathing bat-winged vampire rainbow zebra unicorns" If this isn't on the next PBS t-shirt, I'm going to scream.
I don't know what I would do in times like these without Matthew's eyebrows.
I just finished watching a terrible video. I needed this.
The struggle is real
I love how this channel has a real "no bullshit" -attitude: no drama, no clickbaiting, no hyping, no over mystifying weird phenomenon, actual science... There are so many other science channels that just feel like a shitty Hollywood movie compared to this.
Teth47 oh yeah I know right...I watched a video where a guy argued that science is just a stepping stone towards religion...I lost a few gray cells with that
sasandora ah yes this takes me back though ,because I remember when Discovery Channel was about science once, now we have ghost Hunters and ufologists...jebus christ
Can you show me the video?... Religious gurus trying to understand science let alone make theory of there own always made me laugh. If you want the finest of those, search Zahir Naik theory of evolution. Beware though you'll lose some brain cells!
10:26 ''We even had a cook play chess while becoming photographer''
Man I ought to sign up! These guys sound great
love this episode, quasars were my high school thesis subject and it was really interesting to study a bit of them
6:05 No that's not called a blazar, it's called a beyblade.
On the spectrum of awesomeness, PBS Space Time = Quasars + unicorns 🦄
Omg imma ur vids look interesting.
Imagine a planet that is lit by the light of a Quasar instead of a star. Or both at the same time, resulting in a wonky day/noght cycle where sometimes there’s shortened or no night at all or a day-time with a star and the quasar.
I think you underestimate the size of a quasar. But at any rate you'd be fried if you stood on that planet, and any solid planet would be stretched and torn by tidal forces.
@@georgeparkins777 I think if the quasar is reasonably far away there would still be a lot of light but no damaging tidal forces. I'd be more worried about nasty sunburns or worse. Quasars put out everything including ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays.
@@georgie3 I'm sure if life were to evolve in such a circumstance, the inhabitants of the planet would develop some immunity to the electromagnetic radiation. But yeah, if humans tried to go to the planet we'd get rekt
Thank you very much for the content that you provide, it is very helpful and it seems that you do this out of real genuine passion.
Very clear explanation of these amazing objects. Thank you.
*sees video has exactly 420 views*
*suddenly a rainbow firebreathing bat unicorn zebra appears* (1:00)
I must've blazed it without even realizing it
11/10 blazars approve
You've no idea how much fun I have watching these videos
Brilliant video. I have never enjoyed watching an 11 minute video this much even when I didn’t understand one single thing!
I gotta say, this is the best episode of PBS Space Time I have seen! Good job Matt!
Pulsars, by extension of metaphor, would be a fully-armored Griffin with a trident-pronged tail and laser talons
seriously, why would anyone 'dislike' this video? these guys are just trying to educate you ffs, and unlike many other educational youtube vids these guys are actually experts in the field of their subject matter.
Not for long. Looks like Trump will shut down funding for PBS to stop this horrible Satanic stuff from corrupting minds of innocent, pure Americans. From now on they will only have Bible Time.
One of my favorite videos you have ever made. I learned a lot. Thank you.
you should watch it again sometime
very nice and simple to understand video, thanks a lot for your effort, i hope more people start to watch the show! its so darn good
the most metal
lmao as a physics kid im already sold
I had a quesadilla for dinner, what a coincidence !
Keltic Sage he is if he went to taco bell
yes the similarities are impeccable
Finally! something escaping a black hole!
Sounds like he's got a mud rocket heading for Uranus.
schadenfreudebuddha - TELL ME HOW to escape from my ex wife.
Wonderfully elucidating Presentation!
This nice, relaxing video was much needed. My brain was in overdrive for the past few weeks.
First off, I love this channel. Keep doing what you do. Second, would it be possible to do a video on Verlinde's Theory of Emergent Gravity? I've been combing through the paper on and off and some of it is a bit mind boggling, and I'd love to know your opinion and critiques on it, as I do not have the necessary background (yet) to substantiate any critiques myself.
The Zebra needs to be on a shirt
haha fr
I was extremely fascinated by Quasars when I was very young (Pulsars and others could not grab as much attention and interest as Quasars and their extreme Giga-light-year distances from us back in the day).
Best channel on CZcams..... it contains everything that I’m extremely interested in.
If quasars are the fire breathing unicorns of space, then what are the flying robot narwhals of space?
Rouge Planets ejected from systems doomed to travel in the darkness only ever being viewed for a glimpse as they pass beyond the light of fellow travelers.
What about rogue black holes flung at near light speed by bigger bully black holes.
Given how few of them I've encountered on Earth, I'm pretty sure the flying robot narwhals are the flying robot narwhals of space.
Imagine a thing that travel so fast at 99.99999999...% the speed of light, it will get a lot of mass and become a black hole, now you have a massive black destructor of galaxies that you will never see or feel, because you will die, that is one option for the flying robot narwhal of the space
Sergio Loza I don't think that's how it works. At least, it would require a lot more 9's after that dot. Like, hundreds of 9's.
Just wondering, if you could do an episode about time crystals?
Really love your channel, thanks for giving me a new insight to our universe everytime I watch your videos.
Best video yet, imo. Truly amazing
Is there some spot near a quasar where a stable orbit could be created? What would time dilation be like there?
An orbit anywhere near the accretion disk of a quasar would be disrupted and the matter there would be thrown into the swirling chasm that is the black hole center. Time dilation would only be in affect feel-able as you got closer to the black hole.
That is what I assumed. I just woundered if there was any zone where something not apparent would make this different.
Quasars are putting out enough energy to sterilize half their host galaxy. Technically you could orbit it stably anywhere in the galaxy in the same way that our sun is orbiting a black hole as we speak, but to experience significant time dilation you'd want to be somewhere in the 'solar system sized lump of gas shining as bright as a star' which is... not the most hospitable of places.
Yes it is. The time would flow about 4 times slower for you, than the rest of the Universe. So if 5 years pass for you, 20 years pass in normal space. You could travel in time pretty easily (only forwards). However, if you want to get closer, you'll get even more time dilation, until you get to the Event Horizon, where time stops completely. But if you pass that point, there's no turning back. All your future paths merge into the singularity, way before you reach the Event Horizon. I believe PBS Space Time talked about this in its last couple of videos.
Technically it doesn't have to be an active black hole.. There are plenty of inactive ones you can try.
I think I'm going to have to name my firstborn son Blazar.
Nice
That is actually pretty epic.
or Quasar
MIND BLOWN!!!
Thank You
Amazing hair "redshift" @ say 3:58 and excellent hypotheses unafraid to imagine!
Hey at least we won't be alive when the universe is about to end.....
I will also never have my hoverboard.😅
Oh, they're called quasars after "quasi-stellar radio sources?" I thought, since the black holes are actively feeding, they got queasy from eating too much... queasy-stellar radio sources.
;)
Pablo Uriel Porchakis DNews, SciShow, SciShow Space are the ones I try to always comment on. But sometimes also:
minute earth, it's okay to be smart, physics girl, vsauce1-3, thoughty2.
You can look at my subscriptions on my channel, if you're really that curious ^_^
+Masterion Therion Thoughty2 is meh, Therion-sama. I recommend Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky. He's really underrated.
Feynstein 100 Yeah, I've watched a few of Eugene's videos, they're really good. I love the animations. I should give them another look and maybe subscribe.
I recently subbed to Isaac Arthur, you might like him ^_^
Master Therion I've been hearing that a lot. I'll check him out. Hmm. Poor choice of words. Btw do you think maybe we could talk on Skype?
Master Therion, I see you a lot too. Just to throw in my two cents, check out Nerdwriter1 and Crashcourse, and if you haven't Gordon White's Rune Soup, Radio Free Golgotha and Blazing Star O.T.O ;)
Nice - Thanks and Greetings from Jawor - Poland / Daniel
This is my favorite space time episode yet. It's just... poetry. Goddamned poetry. (tears).
So this is what Starbursts are?
That and a pretty decent candy.
i heard that from hawking radiation you can work out what was in the black hole, 2 questions: should hawking radiation fall back into the black hole immediately or join the accretion disk? and, how do you know what the black hole is made out of inside the event horison from looking at the hawking radiation?
Cake InFlames
Information being conserved by a blackhole doesn't mean we can identify anything based on it. It simply means that a black hole could evaporate over time due to pairs of virtual particles (hawking radiation) popping into existence right on the event horizon so that one will be pulled in while the other escapes. Basically matter continues to exist in some form inside the event horizon.
Very well presented.
I m so passionate about astrophysics...and this channel is the one for me....I m giving this channel 10/10😁🙂 ..
You put all other space videos on CZcams to shame, congrats! :)
Quasars are the best things in the universe. a super massive black hole billions of times larger than our sun and trillions of times brighter. if I were to be a celestial object I want to be a quasar.
I love the new BG in these videos.
The visuals are so beautiful 😍
This guy looks like lord farquaad from Shrek haha 😂
Quasars are secretly controlled by TheLegend27. That's why they are so awesome.
Thank you for sharing this, that was very interesting.
"Close to my heart" loooooollllll
Great video.
Something occurred to me. Gravitational waves (GW) we detected came from two merging black holes (BH) and the BH shed many suns worth of mass (turned into GW) in the process of merging. But how did that mass "escape" if nothing, not even light can? And how can the GW themselves, which also travel at the speed of light get out into the universe?
maybe its about "Hawking radiation"? I don't really know what that is tho. I didn't know mass can be turned into gravity wave...hopefully someone answers, there was a grad student few comments above!
I'll give it a try. You need to consider the two black holes as a system. So let's just assume to keep this as simple as possible that we have two mass points orbiting each other. At a certain moment in time the two points are a certain distance D away from each other, this distance can be seen as gravitational potential energy. It is this energy (the binding energy sort of speak) that gets radiated away via the gravitational waves. As they lose their potential energy, the distance D keeps on getting smaller and smaller till the point that they merge when we have a last flurry of gravitational energy blast that was detected by ligo. So the energy isn't coming out of the black holes or from hawking radiation since that is too small to generate gravitational waves that are felt till here but from their systems gravitational energy. I hope this was clear enough?
Gert Willems potential energy gets turned int grav. waves? good easy to follow explanation, thanks.
I want a t shirt that says "Quasars are the most metal of space things"
at 8:00, I become so engaged watching the star-formation animation I miss track of what is being said. I've watched it 6 times now
A great Video with a beautifull subject!!!!Hopefully i willl be able to study my self these phenomena and to post them on my channel....!Thank you guys you are an inspiration!!!I am studying physics and made a channel myself. Keep up the good work
I've watched hours of your videos and I finally found an error! The correct plural of radio antenna is antennas, not antennae. Antennae are biological.
willis936 ........ Wow dude, what if they ban you now?
Also, he said, "100,000 times smaller than...," which is illogical. Nothing can be "n times" smaller. Only "n times" larger.
@@PhDyMy
Then tell me: What number is 2 times smaller than 100?
@@PhDyMy
Let's suppose that 25 is 4 times smaller than 100. Even if that were correct, 25 is not 4 times LESS than 100...
@@PhDyMy
Look at it this way. 100 is 4 times 25, or 400%. But 100 is only 300% LARGER than 25.
Is the radius of the event horizon of a black hole equal to its Schwarzschild radius?
Also, can you explain what the photon sphere is and what kind of strange properties it has?
Kai Widman yes to the first, schwarzchild radius and event horizon radius are the same thing. Can't help with the second though, sorry. Good luck on your homework
anotsosubtlenerd thank you!
Kai Widman [Disclaimer: This post may be (and probably is) unreliable, it's been a while since I last checked Wikipedia and such.]
The Photon Sphere is a hypothetical spherical (obviously) region around the horizon of a black hole, far enough away from the horizon such that it allows for a photon (or any other massless particle) to orbit the black hole, because of the nature of space time and gravitational distortion.
I believe the exact distance is the Schwarzchild radius multiplied by a small constant, though I have not bothered to memorize its actual value.
I think I read something that stated that the orbit of a photon at the photon sphere would never be truly stable, because of tiny fluctuations in the horizon, which would either force a photon into the black hole or off into space.
[Disclaimer: Again, I could be wrong about all of this.]
The Schwarzschild radius is equal to the radius of the event horizon of an uncharged, non-rotating black hole. Real astrophysical black holes are rotating quickly, so the Schwarzschild metric is usually not a very good approximation. Instead, the Kerr metric must be used. This metric is much more complicated and has unusual features like an "ergosphere" outside the event horizon in which all bodies must co-rotate with the black hole. It does still feature a true event horizon (shaped like an oblate spheroid, with axis aligned with the black hole's axis of rotation) and a physical singularity, although the singularity is not a point at the center but rather a "ring" (a circle) around the center.
True black holes might not only rotate but also be electrically charged, in which case the more general Kerr-Newman metric is required. However, since the bulk of the material forming a black hole is expected to be electrically neutral, any total electric charge should be negligible, and this appears to be true based on observation of accretion disks. So in practice, the Kerr metric is sufficiently accurate.
The photon sphere of a Schwarzschild black hole is the surface below which stable orbits are impossible. Specifically, on the photon sphere, light can orbit the black hole in a circular orbit, with orbital speed _c_. The radius of this sphere is 1.5 times the Schwarzschild radius (radius of the event horizon). Between the photon sphere and the event horizon, it is still possible to escape the black hole by applying a force directly away from the black hole (like firing a rocket), but nothing will just passively escape because it is moving so quickly (the way a comet might skirt by the sun without falling in).
A Kerr black hole has two photon surfaces: an oblate spheroid for observers orbiting the black hole in the opposite direction as its rotation and an inscribed prolate spheroid for observers orbiting the black hole in the same direction as its rotation. This means you can orbit a rotating black hole closer around its equator in the same direction as its rotation than you can in any other orbit.
The universe freaks me out and comforts me at the same time.
That is why space is so fascinating
OK but the 'Everything Book' published by my 'Invisible Sky Man Cult' does not talk about these so how can they exist?
Do accretion disks have atomic fusion inside of them? Maybe that's how lots of the heavier elements are fused...
That's actually a very good question. I was thinking about that when wondering whether or not Quasars were actually metal enough to create, well... metals.
+maxwell simon
To an astrophysicist, everything but hydrogen and helium is a metal.
No. The temperature of a typical accretion disk is only about 100000 K, which is far too cold for fusion.
haha you know so much about them? I bet the average temperature is...
but im almost positive near the event horizon, where particles are slung near light speed, are bound to fuse with others.
+Mike Cammiso
Let's see your calculations, then.
This video explains everything that How The Universe Works episode on Quasars does and far more, but far more clear and in 1/4th the time. Best science show on the internet.
Beautiful
after watching all these space channels, i kinda understand why life is so rare. space is bad for life. we are pretty lucky that we made it this far. i do think how ever that there is more life in the universe, but there is a big chance we are the only intellegent life(read space faring) in the galaxy. we might find some bacteria and single cell organisems or even plants/animals. but dont get your hopes up.
the more reason to keep our earth livable. and also populate the rest of the local group. but lets focus on the solar system for now.
rubikfan1 when you stay the local group, you mean it as the multiple Galaxy local group?
Correct. This is pretty much the limit of exploration.
rubikfan1 It's a long way down the road. Let's finish our own galaxy first...
"Space is bad for life"? But then why did Jesus make so much of it ?
I hate to use the word "feel" in a science based channel, but I am getting the same outlook. Lifeforms like humans (sentient and technological) need to evolve on a planet that is large enough to hold on to an atmosphere, but not too large to become a water world or gas giant. It needs to be in the habitable zone, but most star systems we have observed include Hot Jupiter exoplanets which would fling earth sized planets out of the solar system. Our sun is NOT a common star.. Most are red dwarfs with very active solar flares blasting its habitable zone. A planet needs a magnetic field to keep solar wind from blasting the atmosphere away.. And a large moon to stabilze the axis of spin.. And these are only the some of the issues my limited knowledge sees as necessary.. Life like bacterium might be pretty common (Say, One in a million solar systems), but a civilization at least as technologically advanced as humans in the late 20th century?? Perhaps there is only a handful in an entire galaxy at any one time. And we are on a clock.. Once the planet loses its magnetic field or we allow Nationalism or Tribalism to destroy us..
Not to be overly critical, but space and time is far too vast, the empahsis that has been placed on black holes as of late is a bit repetitve, the episode on the emdrive was a welcome break from this subject, and i would really enjoy a more balanced tour of the many areas of the physics concerning space and time.
Check again, there have been 5 videos discussing black holes in the last 4 months, far above other topics, and physics is so cool, vast, and ever changing, i dont think you can ever run out of interesting topics to talk about.
PBS *Space Time*. I would urge you to be more specific about what physics of/related -to space to which you are referring. Personally I have been asking for an episode on Quasars and Blazars since around 6 months ago when I found this channel and there was a different host. I really appreciate this episode actually.
You are correct, sorry for any confusion.
No problem, I just want to explore more of the vast world of space and the physics that governs it, take care.
k1 Truth Read the Atlas of peculiar galaxies by Halton Arp
I absolutely LOVE quasars they are scary awesome and absolutely badass
Man you just got a subscriber alot of space education is interesting but can be a pain trying to process and understand everything. This video is very good and chill.
When your brows are bigger than your eyes
Eyebrows ftw
u soyboys with your plugged eyebrows wouldn't know how a man's supposed to look.
Cutest of sexy bearded monsters, I have a question for you -
Can you give me an educated estimate for (a) a dormant galactic mass black hole and (b) a very active dormant galactic black hole of respective accretion disk (ring system?) (1) thickness (2) greatest possible wideness, (3) mass distribution along the disk (4) how close matter "piles up" close to the central event horizon, (5) the state of matter, in tangible terms over the disk (6) radiation in the disk across varied distances from the black hole, (6) state of turbulence of the material orbiting the black hole, (7) coagulation of matter in the accretion disk system, i.e. planets, brown dwarfs, stars ...
Thanks so much!
I wait until the perfect time to watch these videos, so I derive the most satisfaction.
If you really think of it everything in space makes 0 sense and shouldn't exist
Or perhaps, from another perspective, we and the Earth don't make any sense.
That's because we're still uncovering mysteries about space let alone planet earth
CoolGuyMcBadass it does exist so it does make sense
Great show!! That one was awesome!
Amazing, thanks!
Hey I saw an ad for you on CZcams today, but I'm already subscribed ;)
The galaxy formation animation was brilliantly done