The Albigensian Crusade
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- čas přidán 7. 04. 2019
- In 1209, the assassination of a Papal representative spurred Pope Innocent III to declare a crusade against the Cathars in Southeastern France. The next twenty years changed the map of Europe. This is the forgotten history of the Albigensian Crusade.
This is original content based on research by The History Guy. Images in the Public Domain are carefully selected and provide illustration. As images of actual events are sometimes not available, images of similar objects and events are used for illustration.
This episode covers a period of historical violence. All events are portrayed in historical context and for educational purposes. No images or content are primarily intended to shock and disgust. Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it. Non censuram.
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Script by JCG
#militaryhistory #thehistoryguy #crusade
A young priest asked a bishop, "Which orders is the best, the Jesuits or the Dominicans?" The Bishop said, "The Dominicans were formed to combat the Cathars. The Jesuits were formed to combat the Protestants." The young priest said, "So which is the best order?" The bishop smiled and said, "Seen any Cathars lately?"
Answer lies in "Understanding the Council of Nicea" the truths on the goals of Constatine and the Priests he selected - this would require a further history of the era from 100 BC to 400 AD
A very worthy task !
Gnostics - the more true Christians.
The Victors write history and thus made accusations of their enemies that aren't accurate. - That statement is absolute in all events in history.
💫
@Mr T
Most appreciative -
Thank you.
Wow a joke about murder and torture. Nice
Tom Fisher ....The damn heat and humidity of the Mediterranean coast drove alot of folks crazy it seems. LOL.... still does. I joke about it with my husband who makes a point of saying his grands were Sicilian....not Italian, while mine were Northern French and Italian. Somewhere along the line, there may have been a bit of Israeli in there on my side, but it doesnt matter to me. I am born n bred and will die in America, like my Father. Mom left France at 23, with Dad....and my older brothet in tow. She couldnt wait to come to the U.S., as far as the story went.
Tom Fisher ....Hey, if cant laugh, what is the use of living.? Truly.
The Albigensian Crusade is the start of the French conquest of Occitania
I have no Occitan heritage at all, the closest is Catalan (my surname comes from there) and I live very far away in Uruguay BUT, I would like an independent Occitania.
I hope that one day you can break Paris' yoke. Normandy, Brittany, Picardy, and others as well!
It’s great when you bring maps into your videos.
Tom N. Yes, but maps are limited unless the regions and cities mentioned in the narration are highlighted.
Above par and excellent visual adaptations we are bestowed, Amen.
2nd Bn 26th 1968-1970
I like it too, BUT he tends to zoom in too far and it hurts my old eyes being so far out of focus.
I studied the economy of Languedoc for O-level Geography back in the mid 80's. It never appeared on any exams for some reason, but our practicing alcoholic geography teacher seemed quite keen to talk about the region's wine industry.
Hi Dean,
At one time I was married into a British family, until my wife died. She was young.
Anyway, I am one of very few Americans who knows what the term, O level, means. Could you put in a wee word about that please.
The Gin Breath and Drunken professors were the very Best. I recall when a professor could light up a cigarette during his lecture. Better days back then you fools.
Anyway as a frenchmen i can tell you its a beautiful region to visit, held between mountain to south, mediterranean sea to the east and atlantic ocean to the west
Give it a go once in your life if you could :)
@@michaeldougfir9807 General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level (taken at 16) and Advanced Level (taken at 18 if you stayed on at school). Both could be taken by adults later in life. If you weren't clever enough to do O-Levels you did CSEs (Certificate of Secondary Education) which could only be taken the age of 16. A CSE Grade 1 was classed as an O-level pass.
O-Levels and CSEs were replaced by a combined exam, the General Certificate of Secondary Education in 1988, which can be taken by anyone. A-levels are still in existence though.
Outstanding! I love history, and I always look forward with great anticipation for your next video. Thank you. Cheers, Shannon
Thank you for teaching me about more, little known history. As someone who is passionate about history, I truly appreciate your videos.
I've become a big fan of these new lectures/videos...keep up the good work sir!
Thanks HG for another piece of forgotten history. Don’t know how you do it, but keep up the great work! Love seeing your numbers continue to rise.
Excellent, have never heard of this. Thank you!
Bravo! Well done. Thank you again dear sir.
Glad I found your channel on CZcams, your doing a great job keep up you hard work
When this was mentioned in a book I was reading I decided to hit CZcams to find out more about it. I was very pleasantly surprised to find HG at the top of the search list.
Well done again HG!
that was a great episode !
you have teach me a bet of my own country history better then no one here have done yet on that subject, im from Valenciennes in the top north of France but I have seen those castles when traveling and never yet understood the history of them, to me "cathare" was the name of an architectural style of castle of the south of France, I thank you sir for it as well as your wife for her latest episode.
im looking forward to see more from you guys, a bientôt !
Thank you for another interesting video, I'm passionate about history and learn a lot from you. Regards to you and your family from the UK
You need your own tv series
Nooooooo... This is better than anything on TV
Too much crap with TV, he would have to tailor everything to fall within the censure of the broadcasters.
Isn't that what this is?
@@TheHistoryGuyChannel ur awesome i mean it be great to see you mondays on the history channel...sorry for being a fan
TV is a medium of the past. Long live CZcams.
Man they sure take that "thou shall not kill" thing seriously.
in the words of Staff Sergeant Sykes, "fuck that shit"
Tell that to Jeep Gurl/Leasing Agent where I reside.
God doesn't take it seriously either. He ordered the Israelites on numerous occasions to go into villages and kill EVERY LIVING BEING.
This began happening when they started entering the promise land after 40 years of wandering in the desert.
God called for absolute slaughter of men, women, children, and livestock.
Now if that is a god you wish to worship then be my guest.
Just remember whenever children and adults are raped, tortured, murdered, and starved to death around the world somewhere EVERY day, that this god of love, who is all powerful and knows EVÉRYTHING....DOES NOTHING!! That's why anyone with critical thinking abilities and a thimble full of common sense comes to the inevitable conclusion that religion is a scam older than prostitution.
There is no god; never was.
.
I think you don't understand how Christianity works, or what we really believe. Maybe you should try to get informed.
Another great piece of work! Keep em coming! More pirates!
Curious fact; the Simon de Montfort mentioned in this video as a leader of the crusade had a son of the same name. This younger Simon de Montfort would go on to be the favourite, and later the nemesis of King Henry III of England, the instigator of the Second Barons' War and - depending on your view of the man - the founder of the Parliament of England. Like his father, he would go on to meet a grisly end at the Battle of Evesham in 1265.
Great as always.
You make history interesting and fun. I would have liked to have you as my history teacher in the 90's.
Very interesting video. Keep them coming
Thank you for the presentation. One of my history teachers also taught us that since the cathars renounced material wealth, they accepted lower wages than catholics. So this made them a cheap source of manpower that the lords and merchants of Languedoc were keen to protect.
You should do one on the USS Bullhead, the last American ship sunk in WWII. Great content, keep up the great work!
The best most informative channel on CZcams.
Pope Innocent now that's a real oxymoron when you hear the death count.
Pope Innocent the not.
@@fnorgen Pope Hilarious the Only
Innocent...like an alter boy.
Thou can't have a faith better than I, by God....
Your faith should be within , not forced into public....is that not vanity?
Why let the Pope's name get in the way of a good crusade?
@Findlay Robertson There can be such a thing as a religion of peace, but the sinful nature of man always comes through to ruin it. As in this example you have the Pope and the the upper levels of the church deciding they alone can pass judgement on the faith and practices of such by others. Not by Holy scripture, but by their own thoughts. The greed of power and riches and the desires of such led them away from the peace they were to share with others. Man's greed and desires has, through history, led us down many dark paths of wars and other sad calamities. We have destroyed much in history due to our dark desires, be it a single person or a whole large identity such as a nation. It is the nature of man and not an identifying integer such as a church, nation, religion, political party, race, sex, or any such thing. Man himself is responsible for his lot!
I just finished reading Eric Hoffer's 'The True Believer'; what a revelation on so many fronts.
Now I know what the line 'combattit les Albigeois' refers to in the song Dominique by The Singing Nun. But for this History Guy video I doubt I would ever have discovered it's significance so comprehensively. Plus it's a well narrated and fascinating tale - but they always are. Big thumbs up from me👍
A fun fact, I hope, it was after this crusade that walled cities were outlawed and cities had to remove their walls. Great Video. Have read much about this crusade. A fascinating period in history. At Toulouse, the Count was killed by a mother-daughter team using a catapult and hit him with a rock in the head. Love your videos. Keep them coming.
Another gem , H.G.👍
As soon as I heard and watched this episode, I dug through my papers and found both the French and the English version of Dominique, the song made popular by the Singing Nun, from back during the 1950's to 60's. In the original French text, she sings of Dominique combatit les Albigeois. But the English version, as sung by so many, simply said that Dominique was fighting sin like anything. Please forgive me if I have stepped on the copyright.
I had a history teacher in college - the guy was an old Mainer, thick accent.
I’ll never forget the way he would say Albigensians.
Marvellous episode and a particularly nice bow tie.
I love that you covered this! It's a time and place that doesn't get enough press, to my liking. The best writing I've seen on it is not Ladurie though- it's Zoe Oldenbourg. She wrote extensively about the Crusades,. and had an entire volume on the Cathars- _Massacre at Montsegeur_. Quite a bit of her fiction is set there too, my favorite being _Cities of the Flesh_. A book of what I like to call 'terrible beauty'- it is delicious, but it will rip your heart out. Worth looking it up.
Very well done. Church history (good and bad) is intertwined with history in general and has had a profound impact on our world today. I enjoy all types of history. Ryan Reeves has a channel that focuses on historical theology, similar to the content of this video. He and the History Guy are two of my favs.
There is no good!
Very fascinating information. Thank you! Have you done a clip about the Lithuanian Crusaders?
wow that was fast!
and i have read on this subject , awesome , thankyou
Wonderful! Love the crusades, but glad I wasn't alive for them. How about a video on Ernst Shackleton's ill fated journey to the South pole?
First one, thanks as always!! Always fascinating, I stop what I’m doing to watch your videos!!
Thumbs DOWN and the First One whatever is so annoying. Please spare us.
Backatcha, learn to speak only for yourself. Maybe there is a YT channel for that.
I love your French pronunciation, it is very ......... individual. :-) The Cathars left some stunning castles behind which are well worth a visit. I'm proudly wearing my History Guy T-shirt as I type.
History Guy T-shirt, money well spent.
@The History Guy
I often admire the backdrop of your setting. With all of the military themed 'covers' on the shelves behind you, I have one question. Have you one from WW2 Merchant Mariner's with the 3 bladed propeller badge? I have a photo of my father & a crewmate which features this badge on the cover. My father passed on when I was but four years of age, in 1960.
Best regards,
Ken
Inquisitor_of_Toulouse…….just discovered my new computer gamer name.
Savage.
Remember_the_cathars, would be a better name.
How about Pope_Innocent
See you in Mordhau!
A particularly well done piece ... studying and traveling in this region one can get a sense of the discontinuity imposed by this butchery ... and the scale of the disruption the conflict imposed ... as far as Northern Europe and actually affected the projection of European power into the new world .... recently there has been an attempt to reconstruct the art and music of the Cathars ... a tiny window into an extinguished culture ...
Dang! That's a lot of folks dying due to these events. Especially considering the population back then.
Thanks for another well made & interesting video History Guy!
Love your channel! I had to chuckle a bit at the mispronounced city names.
fascinating, great lesson.
Excellent history, HG. Although the commandment keeping church had many names throughout the remote mountain regions of Europe and elsewhere they held synods and were united in all essential doctrines, rejoicing through tears and song their mutual deliverance “in Christ.” Their Latin Vulgate Bible, the Itala (dating from the 2nd century), played a large role in producing the King James Version Bible. Here are a few names of these noble Christians that “the books” of heaven recorded: the Albigenses, the Arnoldists, the Berengarians, the Celts, the Claudians, the Henricians, the Insabbatati, the Jacobites, the Leonists, the Lollards, the Messiahans, the Nazarenes, the Passagians, the Paterines, the Paulicians, the Petrobusians, the Runerians, the Saint Thomas Christians, the Subalpini, the Vaudois, and the Waldenses.
These Bible-obedient brethren lived in the mountain regions throughout Europe and the British Isles, extending even throughout Asia. It was their missionary work and sacrifice that preserved the Apostolic Gospel until the Reformation movement when the great Waldensian missionary, Lollard, a Sabbath keeper, enlightened John Wycliffe, who from that moment forward became “the Morning Star" of the Reformation.
I'd been wondering about the Bad Neighbor hero unit Trebuchet in Age of Empires II for a long time. So thanks for that.
There were several other Catapults/Trebuchets with the same name. The more famous one (i believe) was made by French King Philip at the Siege of Acre during the 3rd Crusade.
Oh, that's right. What's the other? God's Own Sling? I must have gotten those two mixed up.
So people just really liked naming their trebuchet/catapults? That is a little odd right?
Does anyone remember "The Singing Nun" from back in the 1960s? Her international hit "DOMINIQUE" was actually a celebration ballad of the masacre of the Albegensians led by Dominique Guzman , founder of "the hounds of God " (domini canes)
i do not know why dominic was made a saint seeing he led a crusade of genocide against people who did not have the same beliefs as him
I studied this crusade in a class on Gallo-Roman history. It well does deserve to be remembered. Many thanks!
Outstanding!
War never changes. And as long as we keep pursuing it, neither will we.
Never heard of the cathars before, that's very interesting part of Christianity. What an amazing amount of death for almost nobody in the modern day to know about it. Thanks for another amazing bit of forgotten history.
It didn't happen accidentally. The Crusades and the Holy Inquisition are particularly bad PR for the Roman Catholic Church. Catholic educators were motivated to self-censor. The political power of the church on local American school boards made sure that if you heard about it at all, it wouldn't be until you got to college or university. I did some independent reading by the time I was in high school, so I knew about the Inquisition but not the Albigensian crusade. I'll never forget the conservative priest at the parochial high school I went to. After I asked him a direct question about it, his response started, "The Inquisition was supposed to be a good thing..." He then went on to talk about all of the "heretics" walking around in those days. I looked him up a few years ago and discovered that the diocese "retired" him for pedophilia.
@@16denier The Cathars left some stunning castles (chateaux) behind, well worth a visit.
I am a heretic today. I hope they don't burn me.@@16denier
@@welshskies They did leave some, though a lot of what they call Cathar Castles today were never used by the Cathars.
@@joshgeiger9090 I remember climbing up to Château de Peyrpertuse in 1991 with my 18 month old son in a backpack baby carrier, it was in June (30 degrees C), I vaguely recall the site didn't have any visitor facilities of note back then. We had a picnic gazing out over the spectacular valley and re-hydrating with some Pschitt. :-)
An interesting piece of European history that I never knew before. Thanks.
I love your videos! So much information I usually watch parts twice and still don't comprehend it all. There seems to be a lot of history in Europe around this time but how about more on north america? I'm guessing it's not as well documented but the only thing we ever hear about native Americans is after white man comes. If you could find the information you could probably do a series on it
Top of the morning to ya my history dude
I learned so much from the history guy thank you 😘❤️🇺🇲
Can your please make a video on the Yellow Fleet? It's history that deserves to be remembered.
Here is a suggestion for you: "Butte de Vauquois" from the 1916 Battle of Verdun. Butte de Vauquois is about 15 km away from Verdun, but overlooks the train lines into Verdun. The French and German were very close to each other and blasted each other with mines constantly. There are apparently 17 km of tunnels still under the hill who has been blasted into 2 parts, evaporating the original village completely. On first glance, it looks like a "Tom and Jerry" story where 2 opponents keep through-ing bigger and bigger things at each other in a near-comical fashion. However, suddenly you realize that at least 8,000 people are still missing in this unassuming hill in the middle of nowhere. Now, staying on this hill becomes a very chilling experience. Definitely "history worth to be remembered".
If you get to go to Southern France, visit Carcassonne obviously but also the nearby medieval hilltop village of Minerve, which was a last redoubt of the Cathars.
5:02 The origin(?) of the infamous "Kill them all and let God sort them out!"
Yes. Besièrs, 1209.
One of my favorite of your bow ties.
thank you! made me wanna watch the Name of the Rose film again
Next up John Paul Jones please or the swamp fox, both are interesting characters.
Heidi Marchant / BONHOEFFER !
‘The History of the Crusades’ podcast has a very in depth series on the crusade against the Cathars, I highly recommend it to anyone who’s interested in the characters and narrative of this particular crusade!
I noticed, at the end of the video, instead of “Aragon” you said “Aragorn”.
I made the same slip during a history conference back in college, but since nobody seemed to notice except for my professor, I continued my presentation and used “Aragorn” as often as I could. My professor was rolling with laughter and had to leave the room!
What was your final grade and the end of the Fall and or Spring Semester?
HighSpeedNoDrag In all my history courses, I got A’s, since it was my major.
However, I never let my GPA get above a 3.4, because then people might think I was taking college seriously.
In my research, Lawrence Gardiner in his book on Mary Magdalene said the Albigensian crusade plan was not put into motion until after Eleanor of Aquitaine died. No other explanation, but the papacy had continually put pressure on Henry II which is one of the reasons he locked her up for so long. She had strong ties with her relatives in these regions. (curious choice to use Vezelay where MM's relics were said to be as the place where crusaders took the oath)
Good video. Were you ever a prof.?
A comment I made on your mints post that may have gotten burried.
1. You forgot our mint in Manilla
2. The mint in Oregon was built in "The Dalles" (silent e), not Dallas City.
The U.S. had a mint in the Philippines?
"1. You forgot our mint in Manilla"
You make some excellent folders there, too.
We specifically didn't do Manilla for a couple of reasons. It might get its own episode.
@@joshgeiger9090 Thanks for the reply and keep up the good work!
*How did the French take over the Occitan principalities?* The crusade against the Cathar heresy was above all an opportunity for the crown of France to annex a large part of Occitania, starting with the viscounties of Albi de Béziers and Carcassonne, then the entire county of Toulouse.
A friend mentioned the War of Jenkins' Ear to me today, asked me if I'd ever heard the story. I didn't know anything about it, so looked it up on Wiki. Perhaps you could do a History Guy presentation about this war.
Brutally knows no boundaries...
I'd love to see a video on the Aragones Crusade one day...
Could you do one on Old Hoss Radbourn?
I'm glad to see this coming out. I never learned the name of the crusade, or that it indeed was a crusade, but I had read about the pogrom against the Cathars and how cruel the "Good Christians" could be and were. The sad fact is that the more I've learned, the more I've come to dislike Christianity and left that religion years ago. (I still sometimes respect the person they miscall "Jesus", but also know that enough words were put in his mouth that we cannot trust the 'source' - the only written account based on writings from generations after he'd been crucified.)
If you'd like to talk more about the crusades, you could mention how many of the Good Christians often got their wealth and position by despoiling (and murdering) Jews on the way to the Mideast... when they went through countries where Jews were tolerated or accepted. (Also how the depiction of the Jews in the Bible was... inaccurate. There are adequate resources for these topics.)
Their campaigns against other religious minorities should also be brought up - for instance the way the churches have used the law to force their forms of religion on others and how they try to micromanage and dictate the lives of others. For instance, Native Americans did not have freedom of religion in most of this country until AFTER 1980... years after I'd graduated from High School. The more militant fundamentalist forms were our biggest enemies... they did NOT want people to learn how we weren't as portrayed and wanted us 'kept in our place'. I remember several very hostile sermons directed at us and our religion - years before I learned I wasn't white and the truth about what my ancestors believed and a few years after I'd learned the truth.
Every time we traveled to visit our grandmother when I was younger, we were in jeopardy in Georgia... state law demanded that any Native American found in most of the state be thrown in prison at hard labor "until their debt to society is paid" - and that applied to men, women, and children alike. I've got copies of some of those laws (repealed in 1980/81, after we gained freedom of religion) which also made access to the courts impossible, and I've been searching off and on for a copy of a law (repealed about the same time) making it legal to shoot us after dark in some counties in the Southeast. Indeed, any Native American in the southeast was in dire danger from the Klan, because most of us could pass as white or black (if we wanted to). Most people never heard of laws like those.. but a little digging will ferret them out (every state had some version of laws repressing us). America likes to proclaim itself to be so great... but the TRUE history... is not.
The way it has been described - my ancestors had five choices. (1) Go to Oklahoma, (2) try to escape into other states and pass as white (my ancestors), (3) try to stay and pass as white in their homeland (and if caught, the usual punishment was being burned alive by the Klan), (4) accept third-class citizenship and convert to Christianity (and be "properly submissive to their betters"), or (5) be put to death. That was it. The Cherokee (and a couple of others)... got their reservation so they had a sixth choice. Many tribes weren't so lucky.
I'll have to watch this again. It is complicated.
It’s important to note that of those 120 Perfects killed, all but four had taken the vow of perfection the day before. Vows identical to those of a priest, but Cathars didn’t have recognize any religious hierarchy. They saw it as an opportunity to let their martyrdom speak for itself, as they’d been denied a voice.
I bet the Cathars weren't expecting that.
Fascinating time and region.
Should we should thank the History Cat for this episode ? I am always amazed at the barbarism associated with religions in ancient as well as modern times, thank you for presenting history in it's true form as an educational tool and not a political means.
Umberto Eco's novel 'The Name of the Rose' deals with, at least in part, the aftermath of these events.
Greetings and thanks from Carcassonne
How do you decide what your next topic is?
And also what would you say one of your favorite areas of history is?
Assassinating inquisitors - what a great idea! Thanks for the great presentation on the Albigensian Crusade.
I didn't realise they held out for so long.
And still there are people who argue that the Church of Rome has been and is today a force for good in the world. Yet it is difficult to believe that there is another organization that has sanctioned more death & genocide down through the ages than this one.
10:54 I didn't realize Languadoc and ties to Aragorn! Was Strider a Cathar?
The incident is the basis for the novel The Name of the Rose.
A brilliant book and an excellent film!!!
When you brought up Simon de Montfort, I thought things were about to get really complicated...
The punishment of Ramon the VII included being flogged and humiliated in Notre Dame in front of the King and having his hereditary castle in Toulouse torn to the ground.
Another salient point that put the Cathars at odds with Rome was their adherence to a vegetarian diet as the other Gnostic sects who proscribed the ritual practice of animal sacrifice as contrary to spiritual integrity. A second part of this fascinating history would connect the events of Monsegur 1244 with the Visigoth sacking of Rome by Alarick nearly a millenium earlier in which allegedly the treasure of Solomon was spirited from Rome back to the L'angedoc region which also ties into the Rennes le Chateau mystery. Cheers
The Roman Arena in Verona was reputedly where the last mass burning of Cathars took place. The largely intact arena is now a opera venu. Catharism clung on longer in northern Italy.. The last sizeable refuge for the southern European Cathars was among the fishing communities on southern shores of Lake Garda. The dramatic Scaligeri Castle at Sirmione served as what we would now regard as a concentration camp until the were herded naked over the drawbridge to meet their fate in Verona. Both the castle and arena are well preserved and visitors can follow in the footsteps and remember the terrible fate of these harmless innocent people.
Trivia. (1) The Cathars were also called "Bougres" (Bulgarians), from which we have the word "bugger", originally meaning "abominable heretic." (2) Simon de Montfort's son, also named Simon, became the first Earl of Leicester, after whom de Montfort Street and de Montfort University in Leicester are named.
PREEE FECTS Your dizylexia is showing. Alwaysa like.
The Perfects were a special class of the Cathari.
"Neca Eos Omnes--Deus Suos Agnoscet" Supposedly said by a Gothic Knight....Pope "Not Guilty III"was the mystic mainspring behind this so called crusade.
4:01-4:04 What’s happening in the lower right corner of this image? Can I join in?
Whatever it was, I _suspect_ they were *_"not happy campers."_*
THG, thanks for covering this fascinating, tragic episode in Church history.
Thank God for the Reformation, which broke the monopoly stranglehold that a single entity had on Christianity, the Catholic church. Faith in Christ is a matter to be derived from Scripture + Conscience, never a "holy bureaucracy" - that's the lesson I draw from your enlightening presentation, good Sir !
FWIW: I think Jesus is himself said something to that effect...😊
I have always wondered why the Aragon region became strictly French. Thank you for the video.
Love your channel but you may want to look up "rule of thirds" as it applies to your camera work.
Good people do good things, bad people do bad things. But to get good people to do bad things, you need religion. - Stephen Weinberg