T Cell Development and Maturation - T Cells are COOL!
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- čas přidán 20. 07. 2024
- T-cells play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response - our ability to recognize specific antigens on foreign invaders like pathogens. In this video, we’re going to look at how they develop.
RESOURCES:
- Blog Post - www.interactive-biology.com/017
- Patron - www.interactive-biology.com/p...
00:00 Intro
00:19 T Cells in Bone Marrow
01:07 In the Thymus
01:55 CD4, CD8
02:42 Positive Selection
03:17 Negative Selection
04:24 Helper and Cytotoxic T Cell
05:29 Summary
05:39 Outro
Man you’re saving me once again, my notes couldn’t help after countless hours but 5 minutes with you and it’s clear as water. Love the videos 🙌🏻
I'm so glad the videos are helping you out. That's awesome.
No FIVE minutes in the world can be more helpful !! Thank you sir
I'm so glad you found it helpful, @user-rn6ds5he6q. You are welcome. If you haven't already, make sure to subscribe to the channel because I have a lot more content like this coming to help you understand how the human body works.
Was looking for a good video that summarizes this process to pass on to my students... this video is short, to the point, and not overcomplicated. Great job!
I'm so glad to hear that Jeffrey. I hope your students enjoy it (and learn a lot). Also, make sure to subscribe to the channel, because I have a lot more content like this coming to help your students understand how the human body works.
You are so much better than my professor at explaining things. I've been lost and confused all semester until I found you. Thank you so much!!!!
Yayyy. I'm glad you found the video helpful, Michelle. That's why I make them. Thanks for following along and thanks for taking the time to comment.
I love your personality and animations! This is very easy to understand, thank you :)
Why thank you 😃
@@InteractiveBiology😊😊😊😊
Been studying for the MCAT and as someone who is not a biology major these videos have been life-saving. Thank you!!
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Thank you so much man!
It was so tough for me to understand all these concepts from textbooks but you explained them so easily.
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Best explanations ever for T-Cell Development!
CZcams needs to pay you top dollar. Your videos explain these complex processes so well, THANK YOU.
Haha - well if you get a chance to speak to the higher ups at CZcams, make sure to let them know that 🤣.
But seriously though, I' just glad that the videos are helping you. Thanks for the encouragement. Stay tuned for many more like this 👍🏾
I wanted to come back to the page and personally say, thank you!!!! Your video made so much more sense in 5 minutes. I had been refreshing on this for a week for class. You made it click, instantly. Thank you very, very much!!! (I passed my exams). Do you have a video on the Humoral (B cell) side of this? You're amazing!!!! Thank you for what you do. Many blessings.
Wow, Vee. I'm so glad to hear that. Thanks for the comment. That's the reason I make these videos - to help people like you. CONGRATS on passing your exams.
I don't have any videos on Humoral immunity, but I'll add it to my list of topics to cover in a future video. Maybe sooner than later.
Amazing video! Your enthusiasm is so contagious :D
Thank you so much Leslie!! You're saving my final exam! This is what good biology teaching should be, instead of reading aloud a textbook like my professor did.
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thanks im studying for usmle and you ace the explanation of the complement system... appreciated
That was a great and brief explanation. Thank you so much ❤
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How wonderfully you put all the stuff in anyone's mind ... Salute to you
This was so clear! Thank you!!!❤
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Thank you for explaining such a complicated process that I try to understand in just 5 minutes 😭 I love your content, please don’t die ❤
Happy to hear that. I will try my best not to die 🤣
I just saw 2 of your video.I REALLY LOVE YOUR VIDEOS! Plus your enthusiastic demeanour and your bubbly character , it made me giggle!
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Bro, thank you for the simple explanations. Great video.
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This Mr. Makes biology fun and simple to understand. Thus is helpful in my undergraduate program
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amazing work, I understand so well now!! thank you!!
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Man u don't know what phenomenal job u r doing for people.. Keep it up. Love from Bangladesh 💙
Thank you very much, Neel.
Wow, great summary! Thanks 🙏
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Thank you, sir! Amazing work!
You're welcome 👍🏾
Your explanation was top notch, thank you maestro
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Greatly explained. Thank you so much.
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Thankyouu. It was helpful AND enjoyable💕
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That's a nice video! I'm just a little bit confused in the progress of the events. You said that the negative selection happens in the medulla, that's right, and after you said that the T cells are exposed to other body cells to determine if they are going to be CD4+8- or CD4-8+, but that does not happen in the medule, because only single positive cells arrive at the medula. So when are the T cells expose to these other body cells to determine theyir type if not in the medule, and does it happen after the negative selection?
thanks for very clear explanation... very helpful for my immunology exam
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Will be recommending this channel!
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this topic was such a head ache... thank u for making it this simple
So good animations! Thank you teacher.
You're very much welcome.
You shared the most Information thanks
You're welcome.
Perfect, as always.
Thanks, Kevyn
You are amazing your animations are amazing keep this lectures going👍😊
Thanks. Glad you're finding value in the content. I'll definitely keep them going 👍🏾
That was perfect. Thank you❤
You are very much welcome @Ayda Zarei. Glad you got value from it. Make sure to subscribe to the channel, because I have a lot more content like this coming to help you understand how the human body works 👍🏽.
That was a great explanation! I didn't realize that during the 3rd phase, what causes them to become T helpers vs T effectors depend on their encounters - almost like the point of a switching choice in development whether they will be female or male on the functional level (not great analogy perhaps).
Question though, once they are released from the bone marrow, how long do they typically take to reach the Thymus, and go through processes within and thus released as a defined Tcell type?
That's a great question. From what I've found, it seems it takes about 3 - 5 days for the entire process. Hope that helps. Make sure to subscribe for more content like this.
@@InteractiveBiology Thank you for the response. Subbed to you! Just read some of the comments below, and one person asked an interesting question about how the process of which, say a killer Tcell (CD8), would then lose its remaining CD4 receptors previously expressed through the 1st phase.
If I were to guess on that, I'd imagine that the 1st phase was limited in TCR's overall, but enough to get through the last two phases, and then to be initialized to express either CD4 or CD8 based on the random selective hookup - meaning the Tcells would still have a small percentage of the CD4's left over once determined to be a CD8 type.
Or some other process takes place that cleve's off the remaining CD4 receptors on a CD8 type T cell?
Great explanation. Lots of questions. Love it.
Glad to hear it.
love the energy man
Why thank you. Stay tuned for more like this.
very good explanation.... keep going.
Glad you found value in it. I will definitely keep going. Stay tuned for more.
*THANK YOU SO MUCH, AMAZING VIDEO!!!!!*
I'm so glad you found it helpful, Inga. You are welcome. If you haven't already, make sure to subscribe to the channel because I have a lot more content like this coming to help you understand how the human body works.
thanks for the video,the best explanation on CZcams so far,tho from 5:48 going forward I did not understand most of it, what is that process? is there another video you can refer me to read more about it
5:48 is the end of the video. So I'm not sure what you're referring to. Was that a typo?
Well done 👏
Thanks.
OMG thank you so much! your videos are helping me with my microbiology class! I was having a hard time trying to understand T-cells. I wish you were my professor lol
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Thank you
man this was very helpful , love from algeria
Thank You So Much
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Amazing lesson
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Great video - one small mistake though I think. The cells in the medulla don’t bring antigens in from the rest of the body - the cells which exist there just express loads of other body proteins, so it’s not cells entering from the periphery that causes this. I think. They’re called mTEC cells and they’re really really cool.
Great vid though
Thanks 👍 A great and consise video
You're welcome 🙂
You are AMAZING ❤
Amazing video 👏💯
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Why I don't see your videos before
Wow
You are explaining the difficult processing in simple and easy way
Thank you so much sir
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I am from Pakistan I appreciate your video
And I subscribe already your video
Sir you’re brilliant and areal superhero 💜Such a great explanation
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Man the way u explained this difficult concept>>>
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Thank god I found this channel!!
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These videos that you are doing about cells in the human body are interesting.
Glad to hear it 😃
Thanks so much,,,,,,kindly can you make a video on MHC
Very informative
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Thank ya dude❣️
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Well done
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great job man
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Thank you sir what a lovely method wao ❤
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Wow! Thank you.
You're welcome.
Thank you so much you are the best 🌸 Could you do for B cell please
You're very much welcome. Hmm, I'm surprised I hadn't done one for B cells. I'll add it to my list. Thanks for the suggestion.
Thank you so much!!! this is incredibly clear and helpful, thanks to you imma hopefully crush my immunology exam :)
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oh you helped me soo much thank uu :)
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Thank u
Thanks!
Just realized you left a "Super Thanks". Wow, I'm so grateful. Thank you very much.
thank you
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U r amazing bro❤❤❤❤
I love the way u teach, am from India,become fan of u
Thank you very much, mls. I appreciate the compliment. My main goal here is to be helpful. If you haven't already, make sure to subscribe to the channel because I have a lot more content like this coming to help you understand how the human body works.
Love this 😮😊
Thanks, Suryam. Glad you enjoyed it!
I'm a biology professor and I have a hard time understanding all the complexities of t-cell development. This video made it so easy to understand those complexities. lol
Yayyy. That's exactly what I was going for, Lyle. And hey - I understand how it is being a professor and not understanding something fully. Always an interesting challenge. Glad I was able to support you on that. Make sure to subscribe for more like this.
amazing!!!!
I'm so glad this was helpful for you, @ShayanKhan-yp5yx. My goal is to make biology as clear as possible. If you want more explanations like this, make sure to subscribe - I have a ton more on the way!
Definitely Subscribed :)
You're awesome.
Thx
You're welcome!
At the end when u said they will be released as a mature t helper and t cytotoxic cells. So they still a naive t helper and naive t cytotoxic cells circulating in the blood, right?
Yes, you're right! When T cells leave the thymus, they are indeed released as mature T helper cells (CD4+) and T cytotoxic cells (CD8+). But they are still considered 'naive' at this stage. This means they are fully developed but have not yet encountered their specific antigen. Once they encounter their specific antigen in the body, they become activated and can fully perform their immune functions. So, these naive T cells circulate in the blood and lymphatic system, constantly surveilling for their specific antigen to initiate an immune response.
Can we develop an organoid that duplicates the thymus?
Great question, but I have no idea 😃
amazing this is all what I can say
I'm so glad this was helpful for you, @LopLo-vb3lq. My goal is to make biology as clear as possible. If you want more explanations like this, make sure to subscribe - I have a ton more on the way!
Pls how do I get more of videos especially hematopoiesis
Just subscribe to the channel. And here's my video on Hematopoiesis - czcams.com/video/IR3ldABho7o/video.html
👏👏👏👏👏👏👏
Hey,what is the process of losing cd4 or cd8 called?
Did you ever get your answer?
@@TFYS-QA no but i dont care as my project is done
@@no-eb2fr Ah you must be a student. Still, I thought your question was good and has me interested. Lucky for me, I have no tests to prep for. I'm just curious on how these things work.
Best of luck in your exams :)
@@TFYS-QA thanks
Hang on, if the T cells which recognise MHC I become CD8 T cells, but MHC I is how self cells are identified and the T cells are not meant to identify self cells..... I don't get it. Isn't it contradicting itself?
Good question and I'm glad you asked it. Let me try to clarify. MHC I has more than 1 purpose. Yes, it's a way of identifying "self". But it's also a mechanism for cells to display the proteins that they are producing internally in the immune system. This can include proteins from viruses or other pathogens if the cell is infected.
So, even though MHC I molecules are "self" molecules, the fragments they present can be "non-self" if the cell is infected. And that's where CD8 T cells come in. They are designed to recognize the "non-self" protein fragments displayed on the MHC I of an infected cell.
When a CD8 T cell recognizes a "non-self" fragment on an MHC I molecule, it triggers the T cell to kill the infected cell. It's not contradictory, but rather a sophisticated way that our immune system can recognize when our own cells have become infected and deal with them accordingly.
Hope that helps.
mantap
Me and haseeb are listening this😂❤ yaayyy🎉
❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
👍🏾
❤❤❤❤❤❤❤ wow wow you are wonderful .
Thank you very much, @bezamengesha8515. I appreciate the compliment. My main goal here is to be helpful. If you haven't already, make sure to subscribe to the channel because I have a lot more content like this coming to help you understand how the human body works.
What about smuge cells what is that
Smudge cells are a kind of white blood cell that appears "smudged" when you look at them in a microscope. They are often seen in people with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
@@InteractiveBiology I have smudge cells but I'm terrified
I recommend taking it one step at a time. Smudge cells are even seen in healthy individuals. So it's not necessarily an indication that there's a problem. I would check with your physician for further evaluation.
Are they t cells?
They can be B or T cells
Can you suggest a textbook or me
Textbook for which subject? A great place to find free textbooks is pulse.ly/y7tdy6n3kk
@@InteractiveBiology Immunology
I'm actually not sure which Immunology textbook to suggest because I haven't looked at any in so long.
Ah my man again❤❤...hoo😅
👍🏾
Before birth hematopoeisis occurs in the FETAL LIVER (sorry my prof really wants me to remember that)
Moi da den
I still can't understand the diagram although I understand cycle complety..wasted time
You're such a cutie. Where is your accent from?
Thanks. I'm from St. Maarten, but have been living in the U.S. since '97. So my accent is a watered-down St. Maarten accent 🇸🇽🤣
🤍