Can a Boat Float In Supercritical Fluid?
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- čas přidán 23. 05. 2024
- In this video I turn CO2 into a supercritical fluid with a boat floating on it to see what happens when the fluid passes its critical point!
Here is the motion stabilized version for those who don't like the shaking: • Can a Boat Float In Su...
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For those who didn't like the shaking, I motion stabilized the entire video and posted it on my second channel. Here you go! czcams.com/video/acFkZiELN2g/video.html.
Sorry for shaking it so much! I thought one of the most interesting things is watching how the liquid waves change. And also when the meniscus is almost gone, you can’t really see anything unless it’s moving. But point taken if I ever do this again, I will do less shakes, lol.
Dumb question maybe but why if it is 1000 psi the Styrofoam not crush?
Make sure the table wont screak so bad next time 😂
it was a little bit annoying to watch, but reading your explanation makes it less annoying. so maybe being more descriptive with your actions would help next time. thanks for doing what you do.
Shakes were cool btw
I liked them. Please do it as you did, cause this is the reason we are here!
I didn't mind it honestly :D
"scientist shakes a bomb for 9 minutes"
Scientists write stuff down, he's more like messing around
@@Neuro_nActivation They say the difference between science and screwing around is writing down your results
@@Neuro_nActivation recording it on video is kind of a way of writing stuff down
@BelieveandrepenttoJesusChrist8feel better for writing that down?
Him holding a bomb moving it around up and down shaking it and playing with it lol
Buddy I think I've got bigger problems if I'm on a lake thats going supercritical
🤣
lmfao
Like instantly dissolving/oxidizing in the supercritical water!
Thats an US moment
That's probably why he's testing boats and not humans lol
"I'm kinda nervous about using this much pressure" proceeds to shake the apparatus over and over. :D
do you think a gentle shaking will dislodge loads of very long bolts? lol
@@KarldorisLambley I do not. But it's amusing to see someone go from nervous to confident with the equipment. Less funny when you explain the joke.
Proceeds to heat it, which weakens the material
@@Qermaqwhat joke. him shaking it is not going to raise the pressure. he just wants to make the layers combine faster and to show the liquid surface disappearing.
@@HuyVhe heats it to raise the pressure. its part of the experiment and what the chamber is built for XD
Good to know I'm not the only one who couldn't handle the shaking.
Everyone is supercritical about the shaking.
Yes, I got motion sick.
*hypercritical
Yeah. I kept thinking about how he said that that pressure makes him nervous, and then he keeps shaking it, lol.
The problem is the whole table appears to shake at a low enough intensity that everything on screen moves a LOT but there inst much affect on the actual container relative to the movement. Which is very disorientating.
@@drb0mb ._.
My boss: "This report is super critical."
Me: "Ah! So much pressure!"
"This report is super critical, if you don't do your job in time, you'll sink."
ah
Here dammit, take my like. Sucker for dad jokes.
Read this comment and immediately thought of mark normand.
A missing observation here is that the styrofoam got absolutely crushed. While it's in there you can tell the surface that was mostly smooth at the beginning is dimpled inward significantly. But then at the end 7:51 when he's handling it, you can see that the former half sphere is now a bowl. Styrofoam is normally less than 100 g/L density, so for it to sink in a 400 g/L fluid means that it must be squished to less than a quarter of its original volume.
You could basically get the same result here with regular water and compressed air, I remember a children's science experiment where you can make a toy submarine dive and surface just by squeezing the bottle it's in... Foam gets a lot of its buoyancy from the air trapped in it, increasing the pressure around it and compressing the trapped air in it reduces it's buoyancy
The real answers are always in the comments. The videos are shaky at best.
@@user-lb9cd2dx5l Ha! Nice pun, have my like.
This needs to be done with something that isn't a foam. And then the question is easy, and just depends on how dense the object you choose is - is it more of less dense than the mass of the CO₂ you use divided by the volume of your chamber.
@@user-lb9cd2dx5l haaa
Shaky
I only thing I thought during this entire video was: "STOP SHAKING THE DAMN THING!".
wow so many people apperently got distracted by that XD
he was shaking it to show the effect, otherwise youd just be watching a line slowly disappear which wouldve been far more boring, the number of people complaining about this is insane
@@SpydersByteyou really believe everything you read on the Internet... Lmfao clown
@@SpydersByte Shake it every once in a while. Not continuously. Was so irritating
That's the coolest demonstration of a supercritical fluid I've seen. Kudos
Have you seen NileBlue's video? I think that one is on the same level, maybe a little better in some places.
wouldn't you mean, hottest?
I just had a job interview for a company that uses supercritical CO2 as a solvent in industrial processes, I wish I had seen this video before my interview, very cool to actually *see* the phase transitions! Note that both liquid and supercritical CO2 are compressible, so those density figures are pressure and temperature dependent.
don't swim in it
Was it super-critical CO2 or just liquid CO2? It's pretty easy to have industrial quantities of liquid CO2 but a real PITA to have even relatively small amounts of super critical CO2.
If they use knowledge of supercritical phenomenon as a hiring filter, they are fucking idiots. That's about as job-specific as it gets and it's THEIR job to teach you any pertaining knowledge.
@@GilmerJohninsightful question! The company currently has commercial processes that use supercritical CO2, but the owner just got a patent for a new process that will use liquid CO2, for precisely the advantages you cite, much lower costs for pumps, pipes, and containers.
Did you get the job?
The sound of that shaking table was painful.
So is the voice.
Cope
the shaking wouldnt be as bad if you either stabilized the footage to the tank, or mounted the camera directly on it, so we just see the liquid moving, and not the whole tank. BUT i didnt mind it that much and it was a very interesting demonstration!
3:14 MY GOD MAN STOP SHAKING THE THING!!!
Pi timestamp
Why? Do you think a little shake will cause it to explode or something? Or is it just annoying to see? As he points out in his pinned comment, that's the best way to see it.
@@kindlinnk, that's just annoying, you can still clearly see it wave because of the right side becoming supercritical and Moving around the whole "liquid"
@@mif4731 so? he need to make a bad experiment just because you think it is annoying?
Super cool idea, but I need to criticise some things:
- you covered the thing with your hand at the beginning when releasing the pressure;
- stop shaking it please;
- the word you're looking for is "interface"; the meniscus is the bending or "climbing" of the liquid along the walls of the container.
Well he was shaking it to make the line visible. I guess most people don't want to see that part of transition?
Interesting thing on Google: meniscus seems to be the bending of the liquid on the surface directly. In the middle not the walls.
@@sszone-yt6vb The definition I got was simply "the liquid-gas boundary".
@@caydennormanton9682 The word comes from the Greek for "crescent" and refers to the curved part of the surface of the liquid where it meets the container, not the centre of the surface. Unless there is very little surface and it is all curved, as in a capillary tube. The OED has: "The convex or concave upper surface of a body of liquid resulting from the effects of surface tension and capillarity where the surface meets the walls of a container."
@@pattheplanter I looked into this further, and the definition you provided is the most accurate, and my simplified definition is incorrect:
"A meniscus is the curved surface of a liquid in a container, influenced by the interplay of cohesive forces within the liquid and adhesive forces between the liquid and the container. The meniscus forms at the interface where the liquid contacts the container walls. If the adhesive forces between the liquid and the container are stronger than the cohesive forces within the liquid (as with water in glass), the meniscus is concave, curving upwards at the edges. Conversely, if the cohesive forces are stronger (as with mercury in glass), the meniscus is convex, curving downwards at the edges. This phenomenon is a result of surface tension and capillarity, and it is particularly pronounced in narrow containers like capillary tubes."
@@sszone-yt6vb I could see the line just fine when it wasn't shaking.
Every time he shook it I couldn’t help but think the sound it made was the same as my bed while doing a certain activity.
@@dasfoot ...or together...
Careful. You'll get calluses on your palms.
Now call Styropyro and shoot some lasers in there
You sir, have just made the best idea ever!!!!
I...must....see ....this....
Probably should be done in a separate shielded room for safety reasons
@@Nulley0 The Action Lab and Styropyro should be in separate shielded rooms for safety reasons
literal styropyro
put a hollow black sphere inside to shine the lasers on
state of peace became supercriticical listening to those shakes
i too came to the comments to complain about the shaking. god damn that was annoying 😭
XD
Glad to know I wasn’t the only one
ARRRRRRR STOP SHAKING IT !
You promised a yellow boat but all I see is a semisphere of styrofoam.
Please, i cant take the shaking anymore i cant do it
then go to the motion stabilized video that he linked in his pinned comment
I don't even like it when he shakes it in the motion stabelized video either. it's just annoying me as much with both x.x
I think it would be interesting to find a material which has lower density than supercritical CO2 but greater density than gaseous CO2. This means it should rise up to the top when it becomes supercritical.
Perhaps some hollow gas filled glass spheres. I agree that it would be fun to watch. It was lazy to use the foam as it doesn't have a well defined density. Glass spheres would have different densities and we would expect some to go to the top and others to sink. Maybe he will try getting those spheres for a future video. Among other things he could go back and forth and watch the same balls sink or rise.
yew
@@GilmerJohn Yes; glass (while brittle) is very strong. And a sphere is an inherently strong shape.
Couldn't you get that to work with this very setup, by just using more CO2? The more mass you pack into the chamber, the denser it will be.
aerogel
That shaking and squeaking was driving me crazy.
you're not the only one there
"Damn the earthquake, I've gotta get this filmed, edited, and uploaded by tonight!"
A rear screen of black & white stripes would have made the liquid/gas interface easier to see (due to refraction).
The shaking made me really uncomfortable
thank you! it was killing me
I guess I'm the only one that disagrees. I liked seeing how the surface moved when shaking. I was also watching in fast speed though.
The shaking was super annoying
@@DANGJOS it was the kreeking table.
Wow, I have never noticed 39 likes before, well, think I relate to some of you.
Excellent work with the photography to show us such a clear view of the meniscus! I for one appreciated the shaking to see the waves move and visualize the transition.
This really paints a great picture of what’s going on in a supercritical fluid. Thank you!
The question is, would you drown in supercritical oxygen? Accounting you survived the rest of the inhuman conditions lol. I think it's time for a bigger pressure chamber...
My guess is the opposite - you’d die from oxygen toxicity. Oxygen becomes toxic when its partial pressure is greater than 1.4 atmospheres
No, you'd die from the toxicity.
oxygen becomes toxic under high pressure
@@brooksbryant2478 You would die regardless of the pressure as it would be too much oxygen for you.
There's actually a good chance you'd catch on fire. High pressure oxygen is extremely unfriendly to organic compounds.
Action lab is always in action
very practical tip, thank you
i was on a lake the other day and the pressure coming from all sides of life nearly turned it supercritical, thank goodness i calmed down a bit afterward
This whole video was full of amazing shots. The way the meniscus of almost supercritical CO2 moves is fascinating
42 seconds in, I would think whether it floats or sinks depends on its density. Most objects are more dense than supercritical CO2 so they would probably sink. But something of low enough density should float.
A bot copy pasted your comment
20:56 (6) 24/05/2024
The problem is how to manufacture something that is solid, doesn't compress to much under pressure and is then less dense than 0,464 g/cm³?
Cyclopentane or CO2 is used to produce styrofoam. You'll more need a foam, that contain Helium or Hydrogen. But Hydrogen might react when you try to press it into hot liquid Polystyrene to get a foam. And the very small Hydrogen molecules and especially Helium atoms will just be squeezed out of styrofoam when it is set under pressure.
It should also depend on the ratio of air and CO₂ in the chamber. More CO₂ would mean a higher density which can more easily float a sufficiently light (relative to volume) object to the top.
@@seneca983 I honestly didn't even think about the air, but it should make a very small difference to the overall density. 99+% of that chamber should be CO2
@@DANGJOS It would've been possible to cram a lot more CO₂ into the chamber and that would've made a difference. I think he wanted the liquid surface to be about halfway in the chamber which makes sense because then it's easier to see.
Makes sense. things float in something because they have lower density than the surrounding medium. When something goes supercritical, the gas density increases, and the liquid density decreases. When their densities are the same, you are at the supercritical stage. This means that your boat was floating on something whose density was going down. As a consequence, its buoyancy was going down as well.
Definitely one of the neatest videos I’ve ever seen on your channel A++
Your channel has taught me so much over the years! Thank you 😊
Where is the yellow toy boat from the thumbnail?
sadly he photoshops the thumbnail putting in a fake situation
Gone. Reduced to atoms.
That was the best demo of something supercritical I've ever seen. Seeing how the foam moves through it demonstrates its viscosity between the liquid and the gas. It's also a very practical demo for when the lake goes supercritical, which I've never known how to handle in the past :)
Your channel is so good. Every video is so cool and great at explaining the inexplicable.
I've wanted this video for many years!! Thanks.
STOP SHAKING IT!!!
SHAKE IT MOAR!!!
@@holycow666*Mooooo r?
was about to say the same, stop shaking it !
Agree. I don't understand the compulsive shaking and it diminished the experience.
Someone had to say it. So frustrating to see it keep getting shaken.
Even after taking thermodynamics I never really "got" a supercritical fluid. My brain was just too rooted in "solid, liquid, gas". This really helped me visualize the concept!
It's like a liquid and a gas in one.
It's a liqass
@@FleshWizard69420 -- Well, it's more like a liquid than a gas because it displayed great viscosity. In the "experiment" we say, the density of the super-critical fluid was about half that of the liquid part at a lower temperature.
It's a really dense gas
Like how the earth's core is solid due to the immense pressure
There is active research work in determining if a supercritical state is "gas-like" or "liquid-like", so both answers are valid!
@@longemen3000 -- Well, I vote for ... LIQUID.
Awesome video! It's so cool that you thought of an experiment I haven't seen yet. Incredible!!
It's been years since I've been this fascinated by a video. Thank you sir 🙏
at 4:47 the foam reminded me of a lil tardigrade. Go Lil foamy tardigrade dude.
I believe there is an important factor that was ignored in the discussion of the experiment. Styrofoam will compress under pressure and thus become more dense which while it still floats will cause it to sink lower into the fluid. For the most part it it should remain compressed when returning to normal atmospheric pressure (some of the air having been squeezed out of it under pressure). By comparing it's volume before and after the experiment you should be able to explain the amount it sank just before the fluid went supercritical. You could probably ignore the weight of the volume of air squeezed out.
Apparently (I'm no expert, mind you) one of the properties of a supercritical fluid is it's ability to diffuse into/through other substances (like a gas). So my conclusion was that the Styrofoam becomes impregnated with the supercritical CO2, and is thus more dense than the surrounding CO2 (Styrofoam density + supercritical CO2 density = more dense than supercritical CO2).
Actually there is more going on here than just density changes. The styrofoam acts like a nucleation point and the opposite side of the chamber as a diffusion point. So particles are diffusing out everywhere but converging near the styrofoam pushing it against the wall kinda like convection
@@caydennormanton9682 The supercritical fluid behaves like a fluid and gas - it doesn't diffuse better than in it's gaseous state (except for any added diffusion due to extreme pressure). In rewatching the video he starts with a shot of the vessel with the dry ice packed in and then jumps to a view at 200 psi which already is 13-14 atmospheres so the shrinking - sinking is already well underway (in fact he says "the Styrofoam is very squished ...") and the bulk of it may already have happened. Had he left the ball intact instead of ripping it in half I may have been able to compare diameters at various pressures to see if the additional shrinkage was measurable.
Awesome experiment! I always learn something new from your content.
I've seen some great science on CZcams, but this one is the most interesting and well done demos I've seen!👍
Stop shaking it 😭
was worried it would go boom
Exactly this nighore is not stopping at all
Dude I’m glad I’m not the only one.
I like that your styrofoam boat accidentally looks like a brain.
When I first saw it in the video, I didn't know it was just randomly cut, I thought it was intentionally shaped to look like a brain.
Wow! It really stimulated and then satisfied my curiosity. Thank you for sharing this amazing experiment! 👍
Thank you for such an amazing demonstration. The practical tip was legendary.
This has to be one of the coolest videos you have made!
Why are you shaking it... didn't like the shaking
It was driving me crazy! I wanted to see what was going on.
To see the meniscus or not.
@@28th_St_Airbut we can see it just fine without the shaking
I agree fully,I almost stopped the video
It’s true he was shaking the shit out of it
Awesome content! This has been a real learning experience. Thank you!
dude you are amazing . I love your scientific channel. I always wanted to see a critical fluid and you did it . keep it going 😍
How this guy do not run out of good video ideas? Amazing!
Truly is!
Let’s get you to 5M subscribers!🌟
This is the most interesting video about supercritical fluid I've ever seen, thank you a lot!
Thanks for this. Very informative!
Very practical advice. Thanks!
I don't mind shaking, It was indeed interesting to watch how waves become almost indistinguishable. And around 3:59 waves going all around the "boat", even on top of it. Liquid seems to be still under it, but waves look cloudy.
Yeah i think the shaking made it easier to see where the line between liquid and gas was when it started getting hard to tell
Seemed excessive to me.. once pr twice, fine. Also the shaking was too strong as well.
I love many of your experiments but this experiment was definitely next level! Absolutely amazing :)
Next test superfluids?
That was one of the coolest video's I've ever seen. Nice job
The shaking pissed me off an unhealthy amount
please a video about superfluid like helium
Won't be (easily) obtainable... temperature is 5 Kelvin or -268 Celcius (-450.67 Fahrenheit) compared to the 31C of CO2
Thank you very much, you always show us very interesting experiments.
Wow, fascinating video, thank you. As a process engineer, I used to have to design plant handling supercritical fluids - great to finally see what was going on in those vessels.
Love your videos and love the science, but the constant shaking in this one and the squeeking noise it caused make it near unwatchable.
I agree. An occasional shake would b cool but the constant shaking was like dude wtf just stop.
The squeaking noise made me kinda mad
I actually said out loud "stop shaking it!"
Thought i was the only one feeling that 😂
Yeah it was ROUGH. Like, I thought it was neat how the styrofoam was moving to the side and back to the center while the CO2 was equalizing.
NOPE YOU GET AN EARTHQUAKE TO THE TUNE OF A COUCH FOLD-OUT BED! ENJOY!
The boat can float but my overweight self would be drowning fast in acid.
This is one of the coolest experiments I've seen in a long time!
I minored in physics, but this is the coolest demo I've seen regarding state transitions. Awesome video!
STOP SHAKING THE DAMN THING!
The jiggling made me nauseous.
This experiment was awesome! Thanks!
Excellent demo! When I saw the canoe at the end, the first thing I thought of was Lake Nyos in Cameroon, but there the CO₂ was held in supersaturation at the bottom until that fateful morning in 1986.
The shaking was unnecessary and really annoying, we could see the meniscus just fine if you wanted waves put it on a gently moving platform next time.
you can always do the experiment yourse- never mind that could go wrong
Holy shit stop shaking it
You are amazing. I always wondered about this in my Thermodynamics class. Thanks a lot for answering my question.
Your videos are always amazing
i dont like that shaking noise
The shaking of the container is kind of annoying to be honest. Interesting experiment though
Disagree. I was hopeful and glad he did so continuously in order to keep things homogeneous.
Ur the annoying one lil girl gtfoh
Fascinating and fun experiment... Loved it.
Woooooaaa huge thanks to action lab. This finally inspires me to make my own freeze drying riggg. On the DL... the coolest part is the density vs buoyancy as miniscus sublimates (idk what that word means - sounds sort of right and cool).
Anyway next just gotta do the upside down boat floating in a similar 2d planar view vessel (like ant container?). To show that in same container a boat can float right side up and upside down in the same exact fluid if a pressure bubble pushes one area of water to top of vessel and one to bottom. I believe it is surface tension of the water that creates a suction force to hold the boat. So would depend on the friction or Reynolds number of sorts of the boat hull vs the water pressure bubbles into the "sky".
Cool, but the shaking was annoying and unnecessary because the camera was zoomed in
Another really interesting video. More like this, please and thank you! 😄
I've watched dozens and dozens of these videos and this is definitely top 2 of all time
😆🤣 i enjoyed too much of that deadpan delivery of practical tip for boating in supercritical fluids, thanks! 😂👍
Thank you for this super critical information!
Thanks for this very practical tip!
Another great video by Action Lab
this is for sure one of the cooler videos on this channel
Wow. What a interesting experiment. Thank you.
That was way cool seeing it go to different states! Also loved the retro at the end!
Thanks for yet another interesting vid!! this one really took the cake! I love getting to learn something new , Thank you that was actually cool to see as opposed to having to think in my head what this might look like lol glad you were keen to shake the explosive device! hahaha how many time could that vessel be filled and emptied before you wouldn't wanna shake it anymore?? or as long as the seals are good it would be fine? I get you were using it at half its potential.. man I wish I had of seen this in school!
This is like the best science demo i have ever seen. Didn’t know there was a state called super critical
This was really cool, the shape of the styrofoam reminded me of a tardigrade too 😂
Cool demo!
Cool demonstration!
Great experiment , Kudos to you