Exploring The Origin of Runaway Stars Escaping The Galaxy, What Forms Them?
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- čas přidán 6. 07. 2024
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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about fast moving stars in the galaxy with many that are meant to escape
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#stars #astronomy #galaxy
Relevant videos: • Fastest Star in The Ga...
• We Just Discovered The...
• 2019 Discovery of an U...
0:00 Runaway and hypervelocity stars in the galaxy
1:30 What are runaway stars and what forms them?
3:00 Alternative ways they could be created
4:30 Slower moving runaway stars
5:20 Shared mechanism in their formation, but what is it?
6:00 New study and surprises it discovers
7:00 Why do these stars form so frequently?
8:00 Most likely explanations
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Its exciting to imagine these stars as inter galactic seeds for the heavier elements we find on earth. They randomly get flung out from the middle of the galaxy and go supernova in a planetary nebula, causing lots of disturbance which can help kick start star formation
My two comment at Anton's video "Pulsing Star That Changes Nebula Colors Every 4 Years" are relevant here also. There I also answered:
@Book3TheLawofNations
I would love to hear what someone who knows the electric universe model has to say about the colours changing!
==
No problem. I'm quite versed in plasma cosmology, i.e. Electric Universe model.
Plasmas emit various colors of light when,
a] the power input changes, for a number of reasons
b] the concentric layers of the Birkeland plasma conduit/filament are not uniform in thickness and also fluctuate and in their locations within the Birkeland current [a moving plasma] and so interact with each other or with other Birkeland currents or other plasma regions
c] the density of the gas/plasma changes
d] the composition of the gas/plasma changes
Here the most likely candidates are 'a' and 'b' due to the ever changing electron and ion density/flux [change] in the entire Cosmic Web [Anton mentioned this phenomenon before] which interconnects all the galaxies, stars and other celestial objects including 'black holes' [no such thing!]. Birkeland currents are responsible for most of the phenomenon in the universe - auroras, various lightning phenomenon, contra rotation of bands of gases within atmospheric envelopes of planets [most notably Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune but also including Earth (go see the video on Thunderbolts Project Utube channel)] including the contrarotating hexagonal bands on the poles of Jupiter Saturn and Neptune; other rotational phenomenon such as cyclones and tornadoes on Earth and elsewhere including dust devils on Mars. I predict dust devils will be seen on airless bodies like Mercury, our Lunah and other moons. The ringed proto-stellar systems are but our bird's eye view down the center of some Birkeland plasma conduits.
The fluctuating currents [+ and - electric regions of ions and electrons] are directly responsible for nearly >>>ALL
Runaway black holes must be common too. Good thing spaces is vast.
Never thought about it before but even a small black hole could really mess up the sun. Eeeeekkk. 🥶
@@Graeme_Lastname....or planetary orbits. That could be deadly for an existing biosphere.
@@jeffthompson9622 Just about any size BH could eat the sun but it's gunna take one with a bit more mass than a ping pong ball to alter planetary orbits. Eeeekk. Now I'm getting scared. Where's my whisky?
🤣
I guess it would effectively transfer materials from very active regions of the galaxy to less active regions, and may possibly be how a wealth of heavy elements wound up in an area quiet enough to foster our own solar system.
Another great upload, Mr Petrov but I must say that the more of your stuff I watch, the more impressed I become at how seemingly unique our star and solar system is.
Maybe it was created by the aliens that live inside the planet!
You can be less impressed over any sort of "uniqueness" as you are in an infinite universe with infinite copies of everything you can encounter.
Be impressed that more have not been found.
@@pokerbob8039 🤣🤣🤣🤣LOL
@@MapMonkeyTube That's basically my point.
We may not be able to see similar systems with current tech as a lot could be oriented differently for transit and not viable for wobble methods as a significant mass is required compared to star. Hopefully as tech progresses we learn more and find more similar ones... Don't forget we have only looked a miniscule amount of stars in our galaxy alone.
I appreciate you taking the time to share all these discoveries and theories with the public. You provide a constant reminder of the fact that there is room for adventure in this universe, and plenty left to learn!
Just a thought, once there's a fling event, they could in theory keep slingshotting and gaining momentum with other systems. Then the hypervelocity ones manage to encounter these interactions with black holes, central black holes. Very fun. I want one.
Wonderful as always Anton. Thank you. 😁
In a multi-star system, when one of them explodes, the other stars still keep their inertia, and can get slung away like from a spinning slingshot.
Beautiful photos, and possibilities!!
Thank you, Anton
Would be interesting to know study about stars in inter galactic space.
Considering the lifetime of stars, at least the non-O, non-B types who don't live long enough, many of these stars can easily live long enough to visit several galaxies at the rate at which some are traveling. How many of the stars detected have visitors from another galaxy?
Or if an alien race intentionally decided to hitch a ride on a habitiable planet orbiting one of these run away stars. Would make for an interesting perspective; itinerant intergalactic travelers :-)
Not likely, as most Galaxies are too far away to reach at even light speed due to the distances involved, expansion rate if the universe, and time dialation effects.
I'm in a galaxy and close to me are two galaxies that are about to collide and then I'm about to collide into them. So if I was shot from one galaxy and heading towards the other two that were colliding, then yeah I guess it could be.
@@StreamMediaSkepticI'm in a galaxy and close to me are two galaxies that are about to collide and then I'm about to collide into them. So if I was shot from one galaxy and heading towards the other two that were colliding, then yeah I guess it could be.
@@HalfSkullSnr I didn't say impossible, I said not likely.
Babe wake up Anton just dropped a new video.
Brilliant stuff! 😊
Very interesting. Thanks Anton.
Thank you, Anton! Let us hope we don't find one of these escaping stars trying to exit through solar system turnstiles!
Haha absolutely. I have a feeling that would quite literally suck a lot 😮!!
Interstellar travel: Just find a "local" black hole, get a gravitational assist from it to reach a significant fraction of c, then use a distant black hole to slow back down. :)
Really interesting to know, thanks 👍😊
O-B associations are amazing places. Extremely hot and violent... Best viewed from a respectable distance. Some good basic astronomy for the layperson here! Thx Anton.
I've been a regular viewer for several years, so the comment at the beginning about all stars moving at different velocities cane as something of a surprise!
I was dimply aware of the phenomenon of rogue planets and how they might become separated from their place of origin but I never imagined that there was a population of stars that bolted across the heavens at barely imaginable velocities.
When the subject of supernovae was broached as a possible explanation, I was trying to imagine the kind of explosion that could project super planetary sized objects at huge speeds without blasting them to pieces in the way that a shotgun obliterates objects in the path of its projectiles. BTW. I'd love to know more about how the power of a supernova manifests in terms of the material propelled outwards and if the propulsive force is dependent on the materials ejected or even how, in a near vacuum, an explosion actually works.
Personally, the gravitational slingshot effect seems more likely to produce the required propulsion for a large star.
Agreed, it's hard to imagine such powerful events as supernovae leaving anything close by untouched ... to put it lightly.
I mean, just consider the effects of the supposed supernova that occurred 2 million light years away and hit earth October 2022 (discussed in a recent video maybe about 3 or 4 before this one?)
Events as powerful as that can't be very gentle to any nearby star... Rogue or not.
The explosion might as some velocity to the runaway, but you don't actually need that to explain the velocity. When two objects are orbiting closely, they have high velocity. If one of them explodes, it pushes most of the mass away. So even though the total mass is the same, the mass inside the orbit is drastically reduced, and the velocity is not changed, so it could escape from its partner.
Anton, I hope you know that you're a star.
The Be type stars and their rings and the run-away stars seem related if you ask me. I'm no scientist but it sure seems like they could have a relation. One star goes flying and the other ends up with a ring and spins really fast. Makes sense in my pea brain! haha
another great video anton. thanks
i'm wondering do any of these stars have planets? are there smaller stars running away from home?
Runaway only from our perspective. From their perspective, the Universe is running away.
Talk about generational ships, that is the way to do intergalactic travel. Don't just take your planet, take your whole solar system!
You know Anton, You have Us All Spoilt 😉😉 Coming everyday at the Same Time 🥰🍷💙
That would be the best kind of spaceship, a whole planetary system. It reminds me of an old friend who went camping with every convenience, he said that he camped, 'like a Civil War General,' and by the gods, he did.
I don't get it
Pass the Kentucky Cheroots and bourbon please!
@@chilbiyitoI do.
Heheh, we call that '"glamping". 😂
The gravitational slingshots from a star cluster statistically favors escape of lighter objects: small stars, brown dwarfs, even planets. Think about Solar system: Jupiter sometimes ejects comets and asteroids (puts them on hyperbolic orbits after an encounter), not vice versa.
Beautiful bow waves and tails. I wonder how much matter gets blown away by those high speeds in order to create those long tails. It will be interesting to find out what creates those high mass stars in those tight clusters; if you know the mechanism, please let us know. How would the conditions be different from “regular”, main stream stars such as our sun?
I expected that! Confirmed by the Gala Telescope.
when stars go supernova. their density increases and time dialation expands from the centre. pushing low density mass outwards. stars in orbit convert their excess energy from the slower time to increased aceleration. the low density mass they eject. leave a wake behind the direction of movement. like a boat.
I'm really curious to see what a star going supernova at 1000km a second or faster would look like
Every star, is moving at these types of immense velocities relative to something, somewhere. Every part of the nova is moving relative to the initial velocity, in a vacuum.
The effects you might be imagining would only be evident if the star was moving through an 'atmosphere' or dense molecular cloud with a massive relative difference in velocity, when it went nova. But smashing into a dense molecular cloud might just do the trick. That I would like to see modelled... :)
Supernova debris expands at 5000km/s or more. It's much faster than runaway stars' velocities. The SN of a runaway star probably looks as somewhat lopsided expanding ball. If it happens in a gas cloud, one side will probably get much brighter than the other, sweeping up more gas, and at faster collision velocity.
Just a self aware Conscious Star that Knows where it's Goin....
If a star system consisted of 2 or more massive stars closely orbiting, and one of them went supernova (likely the most massive because of mass-vs-lifespan), the one that went Boom would effectively be suddenly removing a great deal of mass from the star system by scattering its mass far and wide. The orbital inertia attributable to the Boomstar's mass would then become a linear vector instead of elliptical, quite possibly altering the orbits of the remaining star enough to give them escape velocity. Add this to the "push" from the Boom and... yeah.
But the resultant debris still has gravity and still acts like a point source at the position of the center. This means that The resultant hyper velocity star would still slow down before he could ever leave the shell of expanding material
@@personzorz Nope. The star would always move slower than the expanding material; a leaf blown by the wind will never move faster than the air that propels it. If the material has enough force to give the star a "kick", it would quickly move beyond the point where its mass has any measurable effect on the star via gravity.
@@personzorz > But the resultant debris still has gravity and still acts like a point source at the position of the center.|
The debris which has moved outward in a spherical shell beyond the former orbital radii of the binary system does not affect the remaining star. (There is a theorem which shows that insides of a spherically symmetric massive shell experience no gravity from the shell). The debris does not even have to move particularly fast - it only needs to move away and be spherically symmetric.
When a star goes supernova, a significant portion of its mass is "diffused" into its surroundings.
If there are bodies very close by, their courses will diverge when much of that signicant mass passes beyond their orbits.
The difference in speed between circular orbit and escape velocity is √2 (1.414), thus if that fraction of mass is strewn by the explosion, bodies orbiting will fly into space.
Urantia Paper 15, section 4 (published in 1955) offers some insights into these recent observations.
"15:4.7 Not all spiral nebulae are engaged in sun making. Some have retained control of many of their segregated stellar offspring, and their spiral appearance is occasioned by the fact that their suns pass out of the nebular arm in close formation but return by diverse routes, thus making it easy to observe them at one point but more difficult to see them when widely scattered on their different returning routes farther out and away from the arm of the nebula."
I first read about these stars while sitting in the waiting room of french dentist in a french science magazine
Binaries are known to orbit each-other at incredible velocities prior to merging; we also know they trade material; so what happens if one star goes nova *just* before they merge? If one star catastrophically destructs under the immense gravitational and centrifugal forces. The orbital velocity of the remaining star is no longer constrained, and instantaneously converted into linear motion; and given a further boost by the energy released by the nova. Until another immense or nearby gravitational body, the magnus effect, warping of space, etc. influence its trajectory. Like 'SpinLaunch', but for stars; and it works...
If a type 1a supernova occurs in a multi star system since the remnant is usually no more than dispersed gas would this not reduce the point source of gravity in the system such that some stars leave, moving there orbital velocity into a somewhat strait line?
🇺🇸 AWESOME, KEEP SHINING ANTON.!. 🌞 🇺🇸
I think what you have in an O type interaction is when you statistically calculate speeds upon ejection you would run from low speed to high speed. In many many clusters you would find occasionally very very high speed. Almost exactly like atoms in a gas. In millions and millions of interactions you will have higher and higher speed the higher the statistical number. It almost has to be this way.
yeah, but what is odd here is the O type stars, the heaviest ones are the one runaway. In a gas you would expect the heavier atoms to be slower.
In densely populated areas you could have two or more kicks if the runaway star passes other clusters.
Ooh!!
White holes
:)
Imagine on a K type star, crossing multiple galaxies. With planets & intelligent life on it, passing the milky-way to Andromeda. At 1000 kph, the night sky would be ever changing, even in our short lives.
Not sure how to fix a cosmic conundrum?
Rub some Supernova on it!
There's the core idea of a great sci fi novel never, what a great way to travel for an interstellar species.
Do the ejected Stars take their planetary solar system with them zooming across the cosmos?
Depends. Take the example of our solar system. The sun weighs about 333000x as much as the Earth, but its surface area is only 12000x as large as Earths. It's a more massive "ship" with a proportionally smaller "sail". So if it got launched by a supernova event, the planets would be propelled away way faster than their star. If it was a purely gravitational interaction that launched it, on the other hand, the planets would be impacted to the same extent as their star. Assuming the flyby with the massive object that accelerated them wasn't so close that the gravity gradient differed significantly over the distance between the star and its planets. But anything that close by would probably rip the star apart instead of launching it intact, as is the case with these runaway stars.
I've always thought these rogue stars would be a great backdrop for a science fiction story.
Germ made such a story many years ago called : the dying of the light.
I meant : GRRM
@@ladydustin7811 I will have to search for that.
survey:
*person:* so how did you form?"
*star:* "supernova. just like most of the other guys"
:D
It looks like there might be some survivor ship bias with the types of stars that have been seen implying that some other types of stars do not survive accelerating event
I love this
Imagine though being on a planet like earth but orbiting one of these rogue stars getting flung out of a galaxy or flying into one. Just all of a sudden no stars or all of sudden just stars appear.
I imagine these stars flying through certain clouds could trigger star formation in a cloud that was already on the brink of starting formation. could just be the nudge it needs?
The only alternative I see to the runaway stars are center of galaxy O/B star interaction, be it with themselves or the black hole. Just wondering if a black hole could sling shot these big babies 😅
I was listening to aerosmith dream on in the background... quite fitting.
If a star i slung out by another star, what would happen to any smaller objects attached to that star, would the planets be destroyed?
like a rail gun effect maybe?
A Denser Star could Throw a Lighter Star from the Clusters in My Opinion.
Like Voyager the Lighter Stars could Travel by 2,3 or4 Denser Stars in the Cluster to gain enough Momentum to be Thrown from the Cluster.
I wonder how far these O class stars can travel, before they go supernova?
The most massive O-types last for 3-4 million years, and the smallest will decay into B-type stars, and have a total lifespan of around 10 million years. At 10% the speed of light, the latter would have traveled 1.005 million light years in our frame of reference in those 10 million years (measured in their frame of reference). So the answer is around 1.005 million light years tops. And in case you're wondering: that's not enough to reach the Andromeda Galaxy, which is the one closest to ours. But it is sufficient to reach one of the Milky Way's satellite galaxies.
@@EvenTheDogAgrees "At 10% the speed of light" is 30000km/s. It's way too much. HVS typically move at ~1000km/s.
@@denysvlasenko1865 didn't feel like watching the whole video again to get the exact numbers, so thanks. I thought I heard him say something about a certain percentage of light speed, so I took an optimistic number to do the math. If it doesn't work under optimistic circumstances, it definitely won't work under realistic ones. Cheers, man, and thanks again for the correct numbers.
More O type runaways as well as from ‘kicks’, (because of their greater surface area - to be ‘impacted’ by the intense powerful forces/ejecta of the supernova?).
Like ejected electrons 🤔
Re. 3:00 Alternative ways they could be created
There is only ONE explanation: Everything formes electromagnetically from the plasma stages.
Re. 7:00 Why do these stars form so frequently?
Because the cosmic formation follows the electromagnetic rules of an electric current inducing perpendicular running magnetic fields.
This formative process takes predominantly place in the galactic centers and secondary in the surroundings of the galactic centers as the magnetic fields induces more electric currents and so on and on.
Lately cosmological scientists have come up with the logical conclusion of having the Milky Way formation going INSIDE-OUT which logically explain the all of the "runaway-stars".
just wondering what happens when two stars are getting closer and closer to each other and moving faster and faster, and then one of them does supernova(explode). I'm guessing the other star keeps its orbital velocity but just head out. anyhow, cool video and info....
Like coming off a merry go round 🌀
Could there be any way to place a space ship in the path of one of these stars to hitch a ride on the gravitational pull of the star so that the ship could reach velocities far beyond what it now possible? Assuming such a star was traveling close enough to the earth, of course. 😀
Grsvity assist😊
On the "extraordinary" spectrum, I'm not sure there's much space between "interacting with stars that will go supernova/become black holes" and "interacting with stars that have gone supernova/become black holes" lol.
I wonder what woul happen one of those "run-away" stars were to enter our solar system?
Beep beep... See ya! Seriously though, it could be catastrophic.
How does the energy exchange work when the relative mass of the star getting the slingshot is close to the one(s) providing the slingshot? Is the galactic orbit/motion of the slower star affected?
Not sure about energy exchange but you'd have to think it would be massive. Just imagine the effects of orbiting bodies in our solar system for example. I haven't heard about any wobbles of our sun due to the planets (which are admittedly much lower mass than the sun) but I have heard about planet's orbits wobbling due to the gravitational effects of their satellites. And I do know that some extra-solar planets were discovered solely due to the gravitational effects they had on the star they orbit.
I forget whether Newtonian laws of physics apply in space, but even if they don't, that's evidence enough that there's some sort of "for every action there's an equal and opposite reaction" going on ...
With high masses and velocities perhaps 2% of the speed of ight, time on these hypervelocity stars should run slow. As this would affect their emmission of light, have any checks been made to see how slow time is running on these stars? There should also be a contraction of width in the direction of motion, but very small. Would it be possible to measure it and thus verify the predictions of Special Relativity?
At 2% c the time would be running at 99.98% of "stationary" clock time.
Even at 20% c the accelerated clock would run at 98% of resting.
You havent included the effect of gravity@@NullHand
@@bernardedwards8461 No prob.
A neat trick is that the time dilation due to "gravity" will be the same as that due to the escape velocity from the field in question.
Let's use our sun, whose escape velocity is 615km/sec.
Thats pretty much 0.002 c. Or 1/10th the velocity you mentioned.
Due to the
Lorentz transform not being linear though, this slows the clock far less than the stars velocity.
The correction due to gravity for the sun will be 0.999998.
@@NullHandAnton mentions a star moving at 10% of c. He didn't say what its mass was, but it must have been several solar masses. On observing such a star, relativistic effects should be easily seen
Chalk up another win for Newtonian Physics.🎉
How fast can a rogue star travel and still hold together ? It would probably be a fraction of the speed of light !
Could small stars,.too small to be detected be escaping from the outer fringe of a.galaxy?
in the 80´s i found a small program that simulated gravity.. so i though i would try to simulate how a star and planetar system was crated..
i placed a lot off equal small points with somehow same space between each other. not presice, because the proogram did not have that feiture. and it would take a lot off time to try to place presice. ii also made them move at same direction. sometimes i also made simulations where none started with movements.
the rocks grouped and made planets. and bigger planets. the smaller rocks and smaller planets made orbits arround the big planets. and because off gravity, some planets got so much up in speed, that few off them got slinged away in high speed. the programe could not make stars like simulators today. but the big planets would have become stars in modern simulators. soo i though: well that is how space expands at the edge off the universe
What would cause stars to "slingshot"out of a galaxy....? How did voyagers 1 and 2 escape our solar system....
For a second there i thought Anton was finally going to say "it's aliens"...
I would think the O type stars eject themselves after engulfing a smaller sister star; something like a shockwave propelling them off in the opposite direction. (shrug)
What is escape velocity for the Milky Way?
I didn't hear you mention the escape velocity of the Milky Way?
It sounds like some O type stars form within the accretion disks of a supermassive black hole interacting with a massive partner binary star system, the theory would be that a binary pair would be dragged through an accretion disk where the larger of the two stars is the leading star that accumulates the majority of the gas within the accretion disk, the idea being that the lead star would collect most of the gas, while the trailing star would form much less, but still become massive compared to when they started; essentially being a part of a tertiary or quaternary star system.
YEET!
could explain why we see some supernova out of host galaxy O and B star do end up in supernova
What if lots of smaller stars are also super accelerated, but they are destroyed (maybe torn apart) in the process?
Any signs of Shkadov thrusters?
will any of them arrive in other galaxies while still on the main sequence? or are they going to die before they get anywhere?
Interesting question.
Try to do the math. It's super easy, barely an inconvenience.
❤️👍
Up to a million ru away stars? So might there there be more than one SMBH in respective galaxies?
All lured by pan-galactic Black Fridays 😂
When stars become hypervelocity, do they keep their planets?
O type stars start in a cluster, as part of a multiple star system, never alone. Such a close mix of stars would make having a planet unlikely and difficult. A goldilock planet like ours would have to be further out than the Earth, making it even more unlikely and easily separated from the home star.
Instead warping past light speed. What about warp to light speed
Might the supermassive runaway stars be explained by one side of the star explode when hit by a supernova?
Maybe some of these stars have been selected by the "Great Attractor?"
Why so many run away O type stars? Maybe Observer bias because of their size.
Part of it is ptobably the galaxy shedding kinetic energy after mergers.
any way to know if these fast stars are accompanied by their planets or if theyve lost them?
Same as how we detect planets around any other star. Which may or may not work, depending on their distance. That said, if the stars were pushed out due to a supernova explosion, my guess would be that the planets, being a lot less massive, would have been accelerated more than their star due to their lower inertia. Their mass to cross-sectional ratio would be a lot smaller than the star, as mass increases cubed with diameter, and cross-section only squared. Of course, I'm simplifying, as the densities of stars and planets are not equal. For example, our sun has a density about 1/4 of Earth. But even so, Sol weighs around 333000 Earths, but its surface area is only 12000 times that of Earth, so it will be harder to "blow away" as it will be a much heavier "ship" with a "sail" that's proportionally smaller.
@@EvenTheDogAgrees thats why it would be so great to make an observation, either way, planet or no planet left, to see hints of what might have happened. Imagine finding an impropable planet around such a star.
@@ZionistWorldOrder could happen if the star wasn't launched by a supernova event, but instead a gravitational interaction. To the best of my knowledge, that would affect the star and its planets equally. Only way to know for sure is to check for star wobble or periodic dips in luminosity, which is how we detect other exoplanets. Not sure if there are other methods; those two are the ones I know of.
When you play Crack The Whip, heavier people have more trouble hanging on. =They get expelled. Fast.
Anyone else notice the face of Guy Fawkes in the middle of that nebula? 2:37
I had to go back and look. I don't see Guy Fawkes but I do see a face. To me it looks like a woman with her mouth wide open, almost like a shocked face.
Do runaway stars loose their planetary systems?
Maybe we can catch one in a net and use it to travel the universe.
Sooo, will they stop? Will they just keep going?
Newton's law of inertia is in control during such events.
Pity any planetary systems in its way.
What about the hyper velocity rogue planets, moons, comets, asteroids, fruit bats...? I'm beginning to get the feeling that the universe is a dangerous place.
D'oh!!