Why do Birds have baby Crocodile skulls?
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- čas přidán 12. 07. 2023
- Throughout nature there are many examples of fully grown adult animals retaining juvenile features making them look like babies. This may make them look cuter but it also conceals an incredibly powerful phenomenon of evolution that allows animals to adapt to their environment with lightning speed.
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I find it wild that the closest relatives of birds that are still alive are crocodiles.
Edit: Yes. I have known for a while that birds are dinosaurs.
Yeah, both are Archosaurs
Bird are just very strange animals. What other animal has replaced all of their teeth and outside of their mouth with what is essentially two sharp plates?
Edot: Ok it's a lot more common than I thought, but it isn't just that.
Birds have feathers, which automatically makes their appearance un-reptilelike. You can argue that feathers aren't that weird because mammal fur exists, but feathers for the sake of flight is. Flight in general is a bit weird, but 2/3 times that it evolved in vertebrates, it's been membrane wings.
Crocodilians, actually. Crocodiles are just the most abundant within the clade.
@@tonydai782 Turtles.
@@tonydai782I’d say their strangest trait is feathered flight. Feathers are a unique and complex structure, and they were never intended for flight, since developing a trait such as membranous wings is much less costly in terms of energy and time. Dinosaurs were wildly successful, so they eventually took to the skies, using their unique plumage to outcompete small pterosaurs, who had gotten far too comfortable in their monopoly of the air.
To summarize for the younger crowd, this is like pressing B when your Pikachu is about to evolve.
You need a thunderstone to evolve Pikachu, why would you cancel it?
The chart comparing archosaur skulls is striking. Bird skulls look almost identical to early archosaurs! For species that are separated by many millions of years, it is amazing how resistant to change the skull shapes are.
if it ain't broke don't fix it
@@blazingtrs6348 especially because for their morphology that's probably the best set-up, if you changed something massive about how birds eat or breathe I bet their skulls would quickly start changing. additionally if birds didn't take care of their chicks, that would probably cause them to lose those similarities early in development
I would love a video about the effect evolution has on determining a species’ level of intelligence. Octopi, corvids, apes, rays, and cetaceans are smarter than most other animals, but why specifically them?
That does sound like an interesting video.
Dinosaurs were extremely diverse because they dominated the planet for such a vast amount of time. During that time, several species of humanoid dinosaurids evolved and went extinct through interspecies warfare. Eventually, these different species agreed to reduce their genetic diversity through genetic engineering in order to stop the constant global warfare. The Chicxulub Impact Event was not an asteroid. It was a nuclear weapon from an extraterrestrial civilization that wiped out the dinosaurids in order to exploit the Earth for its natural resources. After the KT extinction, the Earth's surface was no longer habitable. The few surviving dinosaurids rebuilt their societies below ground where they still live to this day.
rays are intelligent?
@@CaptLuser it was cherry picked I think. There are lots of smart fish out there, they aren't that much smarter than some of the cichlids.
Define smart.
And no, I´m not trying to be a smartass.
But intelligence sciene is faaaaaaar from having any general measurable definition for "intelligence".
On the skull comparison slide, dinosaur and crocodile appear swapped 😅
I had never before thought about the fact that humans look more similar to baby chimps than to adult chimps. But I guess that it makes a lot of sense for a very social species like humans to keep on to more juvenile features as adults, as those features make us look less threatening and more cute and friendly to each other.
trey the explainer made a video on neoteny a few years ago. Definitely worth checking.
The neoteny allowed us to have much, much larger brains than other primeapes
evo-devo
And facial features that make it easier to expres and communicate emotion ea.
Unless you have a bible in your hand then your a threat to babies.
Noticed a little error at 7:25. The labels don't line up with the skulls correctly.
me too
i think you mean 7:10
Yes, juvenile caimans and alligators look surprisingly like ducks. Other reptiles can be neotenic, like geckos. Also not all human populations have the same level of neoteny, although all humans are extremely neotenic compared to chimps.
Not to mention the difference in variation of the gene expression in humans for various neonatal traits
Sexuality, puberty, hieght
Within Britain alone you see tons of variation.
Although it is small compared to most successful mammals
Humans are really cool
@@palebluedot7435
This was made by an Sapient Animal wasn't it?
@@the_blue_jay_raptor *scuttles under rock
Super super interesting! The resemblance of the baby chimp skulls and human skulls is so uncanny, I wasn't expecting that
I wonder if adult chimps think humans are cute!
@@DrSpooglemonthey all think we're cute at first... that's how we get em
@@DrSpooglemonGood question. Might actually be the case.
It never really dawned on me how much some bird skulls look like baby crocodile skulls without teeth. Fascinating.
Am I buggin or are dinosaurs and crocodiles switched up here?
7:09
I think you’re right
No you’re 100% correct. I look at animal anatomy for art and I immediately noticed the swap.
What if dragonfly nymphs could meet a similar condition as axolotls. They become aquatic all their life but still have the potential of becoming mature adults.
More or less. Dragonflies and cicadas spend a LOOONG time but growing up is still part of their life cycle for reproduction, it just happens to be a brief end. They won't reproduce in their larval state.
I tend to prefer the macro evolution of hippopotomus moth over dragonfly nymphs personally.
They need to develop a whole new mating and fertilization system. Axolotls and tiger salamanders mate the same way underwater. It is the same reason why no reproducing neotenic frog tadpoles exist.
@@stefanostokatlidis4861That reminds me of this one pic I saw where a dude in Arizona came across a 3 year old neotenic tadpole that was about the half the size of a newborn baby.
spec evo
Here in Colorado in high attitude lakes we have tons of Neotonic Barred Tiger Salamanders (in lakes above about 2250 Meters/7400ft), so the attitude theory regarding the Axolotl developing permanent Neotony makes sense!
Up here in the Utah mountains, we have a bunch of them, too! In one pond or lake, there are a fairly even number of large, old juveniles and smaller, young adults.
What's your opinion on guinea pigs?
There are also other species of neotenic salamanders in other high-altitude lakes in central Mexico, too
I think there is a mistake in the video @ 7:10. The crocodile tag should sit in the first row instead of the second and be switched with the dinosaur one. Didn't look it up but quite sure - studying paleontology myself and there should be a preorbital fenestration in the skull for all dinosaurs which is lacking in crocodiles.
But good video nonetheless! :)
I noticed it too. Most likely a mistake that slipped through editing. Great vid though!
Yeah, I spotted this too-- video was otherwise awesome :)
@@Volttikoira More like the editor switched them up
I noticed as well.
His voice is soooo soothing and soft spoken and calming, I feel slightly already and listening to his voice is just making me more sleepyer. Also having adhd I am struggling to concentrate on what he is saying because his voice is SO calming.
It makes me sleepy as well so i play it at x1.25 speed 😅
7:08 theres a litle mistake with the skull tags
crocosaurs and dinodiles in the right places but not their labels
I bet you could find plenty of plants that also display neotanous traits. Especially in domesticated vegetable plants where young, tender tissues might be favored. I know Broccoli and Cauliflower florets are a result of breeding B. oleracia to grow tasty, under-developed florets rather than full flowers. A lot of domesticated plants are incredibly hypertrophied instead, though, to get more food from a single plant.
I guess both being archosaurs might have something to do with it.
Neoteny can also be reversed as you can artificially stimulate Axolotl to undergo metamorphosis or specifically breed animals like Dogs & Cattle to regain more ancestral, basal traits. As a microevolutionary process, it doesn't really require mutation for neoteny to occur, only natural selection. People regularly assume that macroevolution is merely scaled up microevolution, but ontogenesis is a perfect example of the difference between changing allele frequencies & spawning new alleles from scratch via mutation. In most instances, many physical changes that were assumed were caused by mutation may actually have an epigenetic origin instead.
Iirc there are studies performed on making the metamorphosis happen because they're trying to figure out if Axolotl has a natural, circumstantial adaptation to land and we just happened to mess it up with human impact.
can you translate to dumb? too many specialized words
Very interesting stuff (i dont understand half the words)😅
@@B18CdelSol96 Neoteny is more so an emergent trait of evolution than it is a product of genetic mutation.
Is there a difference between paedomorphism and neoteny, or are they two words that mean the same thing?
This branch diagram at 6:42 always bugs me a little, i know you are showing the relationship between dinosaurs and birds but it looks like you are showing dinosaurs and birds are seperate animals which is weird since it's like showing bats and mammals as two different branches
birds aren't so highly derived anyway, triassic theropods and dinosaurs looked more like birds than you might expect
I agree that the diagram is a bit misleading, but the word is clade, not animal ;-)
They are definitely different animals, but non-avian dinosaurs do not form a clade.
E.g. Sauropodomorpha form a proper clade among the non-avian dinosaurs.
@@justmy-profilename haha yeah thanks clade is the correct word i was even trying to think of a word for a taxonomic group of animals
Bugging would be an understatement. I'm not sure how you could do even cursory research for this video, and make that diagram any other way than deliberately. Any lick of sense would reveal that you cannot separate birds out of Dinosaurs without making the diagram completely wrong.
@@SophiaAstatine It's not mandatory that such a diagram must always show proper clades, at times a concise cladogram might be very confusing for many people. E.g. most people aren't aware of that we're also fish and "actual" fish are just a collection of proper clades within fish.
Yet a clear indication that it's not a cladogram would be nice, e.g. adding "Non-avian" to "Dinosaurs" and letting two lines branch-off towards it, with "..." in between these lines.
This would at least graphically indicate that non-avian Dinosaurs do not have a single stem but are a forest of multiple trees (branching out of the single-stem tree).
I think we humans tend to overthink certain aspects when it comes to nature. Look at us humans and never forget that we're animals too, we are not divine beings.
We overthink and overdo quite a bit. I wonder how much those will contribute to our eventual downfall, and extinction?
Wonderful video as always!
I think at 7:09 you might have the labels for "Dinosaurs" and "Crocodiles" switched
Really excellent video. I remember noticing the baby chimp / human skull thing as a child, that and embryonic development lead to a lifelong fascination with gene expression, but I never knew there were so many examples of this and how this was related to the selective pressures that lead to smaller versions of animals on islands
I really love your channel. It's my favorite among the similar creators. You do it better, Notably, you narrate much better.
He is good. Dr Polaris is another good channel too.
Tiger Salamanders in my area of West Texas do a similar thing to their Mexican cousins. When in their aquatic juvenile form they can stave off their final metamorphosis for years and only do it for very few reasons. It’s believed why is due to inconsistent water sources when there is a steady one like windmill runoff for a cattle tank the environment is free from any aquatic predators, full of prey, and probably the only water source for miles. It’s just easier to live in the water until sexually mature then metamorphose to finish out the maturity to mate, or the other situation is when the water source dries up and they need to move. It is a very effective strategy and it’s not a rare site to see juvenile tiger salamanders by the dozen nearly a foot long in windmill runoff.
Ooops, at 7:09 you've got the Dinosaur and Crocodiles labels mixed up.
Yes but 20 other people pointed it out. I'm sure you would have seen that just entering the comments
Is the chart displayed at 7:10 mislabeled? It looks the top row was supposed to be crocodiles and the middle row dinosaurs. I could be completely wrong though.
it seems to be so
Axolotls essentially all live in a small pond now in the middle of a huge urban center and I feel like in that environment it makes sense that they would thrive over other salamanders that have to leave the water to survive.
I’ve read that another part of human neotany could be that by resembling younger apes, humans became less aggressive to one another and more likely to help each other and cooperate rather than directly compete for resources. Much like how the features of a baby insinctivelt make us feel more sympathetic and nurturing, if even adult humans resemble infant apes rather than adult apes, we were more prone to being sympathetic and nurturing towards our own kind. This may have been more important earlier in our evolutionary history when we had very recently diverged from chimps and were still getting the whole “high-level cooperation” thing rolling. Some vestige of the effect may still be at play considering the innately sociable nature of humans. We very commonly welcome the company of other humans, even if they are strangers or don’t speak the same language. We may only reject them if we learn that we share some higher-order difference like ideology or nationality (and even then can very commonly put such things aside to socialize or cooperate).
The diagram shown at 6:42 is a bit misleading, that way it's laid out implies that birds are a sister taxon to the dinosaurs, but birds literally ARE dinosaurs. For example, the Velociraptor was more closely related to modern birds than either of them are to the Triceratops.
The phylogeny is fine, dinosaur/bird is used to distinguish non-avian and avian dinosaurs.
@@Dr.Ian-Plect The important part there is "used to", there's a reason we don't consider them two separate groups anymore, because doing so implies that the non-avian dinosaurs are all more closely related to each other than any of them are to birds, and that's not the case.
I've loved your videos for years but this one may be my favorite one yet. Thank you for your consistently awesome posts on evolution!!
trey the explainer made a video on neoteny a few years ago. Definitely worth checking if you like the topic.
Baby hippopotamus are hilariously adorable.
Man I wish you could make more of these videos more often than just monthly. I understand why though.
1:37 tou forgot about the Canadian house hippo which are very much alive. There's excellent footage of them on CZcams
I binge watch your videos now and again. Love the chill voice and atmosphere
Always happy to see there's a new video from this channel
I shit a brick of pure joy anytime this dude posts a new vid
Hi Mr Light,
Filipino here. Tamaraw is pronounced with all of the A’s sounding like the short A sound in apple.
Tah-mah-raw.
Firstly, thank god you are back!
Secondly, do you think you can you do a video on the pelagornithids?
Another absolute banger from Moth Light
If birds and humans have neotenous traits, would it theoretically be possible to induce late stage growth? I know this can be done with axolotyls, but could it theoretically be done with other species?
I think it could be, but I doubt there's much incentive for researchers to actually try it and find out. With humans in particular, the ethics of that would be pretty questionable.
@@dinohall2595I wanna embrace monke, sign me up
There are some people who have disorders where they don't stop growing. And vice versa where they body doesn't grow. The tallest man in the world had this disorder. He died early. Their are genes and hormones in the body that act as stop gaps. Depending on circumstances you can actually induce these effects. But it's only to a certain extent.
Dietary changes causes significant changes to skull structure in humans. Active stimulation of follicle stimulate hair growth
So yes
I love this channel. And the comments are always brilliant too.
I do find it interesting how the creator takes absolutely no interest in his community.
But that's fine, he is under no obligation to do so. And it's certainly a unique aspect to this channel.
You the 🐐 Moth Light Media, thank you!
Yay a new video! I love your content.
Extremely interesting and informative.. I love all your presentations and this is the best yet.
Perfect, another addition to my Playlist of MothLight
Love your videos, very underrated channel. I wish you could post more often
Did I ever tell you i love Moth Light Media?
good to have you back
Another great video keep going:)
I really wanted to hear that Howler Monkey howl. Excellent video!
Mothlight Media dropping that HEAT!!!!
This video is way more amazing than I expected
So fascinating. Thank you.
amazing video as always.
Great video as always
You are easily my favourite CZcams channel!! Can you please do a video on angiosperm evolution!! Or some kind of video on plant evolution
Thanks for yet another fascinating video!
Love this video! The last syllable of "tamaraw" is pronounced like "round" without the -nd. Ta. Ma. Raw (rou'). What's neat is I didn't know it was different from a water buffalo!
Its pronounced differently depending on where you're from.
@@JohnyG29 Oh that's also wild! I was giving the Filipino pronunciation since he specifically geolocated it in the Philippines.
@@JohnyG29 The animal can only be found on that Island, so there is only one correct pronunciation, and he butchered it in this video.
This was a really good video. Super interesting and a bit niche so I feel smart for having watched it.
I never noticed how the birds and other dinosaurs' skulls are so similar to those of baby crocodiles (but they are) and if asked why I'd probably not have been able to fully guess correctly.
wow, long time no see, you have been missed man
I work at a pet store and because of the damned Minecraft some ten year old calls asking for an axolotl every other day
This is a good video (I liked and subscribed), but I can't ignore that it took nearly six minutes for the title's subject to be mentioned. A lot of prelude, but it was still very interesting.
Fascinating! Thank you 👍
Ah the Triassic, Earth's "throw it at the wall and see what sticks" phase. I'll never get tired of all the amazing evolution that came from that period.
Super interesting and well presented video!
Excellent video
Amazing video!
I never knew that we humans had neotonos traits.
Yes, and there's even some evidence that each subsequent generation of humans will continue to appear more child like as time goes on, because most male humans are more likely to be sexually attracted to women that appear younger (which is itself a behavioral survival adaptation because women who are younger are more likely to be fertile and carry children to term without issue).
Great video
I love your videos. Because of you, i became much better in biology❤
Fascinating, absolutely fascinating
7:09 these labels?
What an interesting subject, I loved the video
The Stephen Jay Gould's book The Panda Thumb has a chapter for Neoteny, the retention of infant features in adult stage in some species. The chapter is named A Biological Homage to Mickey Mouse.
I love these so much ❤
some axolotls can still morph to look like terrestrial salamanders under certain conditions
The way you deliver information is better than nat geo for me
so interesting the connection of humans, chimps and neoteny!
No way, literally just watched Trey's video on Neoteny yesterday and now you upload this?
Good video!
As much as I love makeup videos, psycology studies and how chainmail is formed, your videos captivate me first
Very interesting. I'm fascinated at neoteny It's interesting to see that other animas have their neotenous versions, not just us..
the way he pronounced "tamaraw" has me dying 😭
it was always amusing to me how silly baby birds look, with giant heads and sizes of adults. the part about their skulls makes so much sense!
There's a fascinating hypothesis that compares the earliest examples of chordates to the larva form of tunicates. Specifically they compare Pikaia, one of the earliest found fossil chordate with the free swimming larva of tunicates. Basically saying that the entire group of the chordates, which includes all vertebrates like humans, mammals, reptiles, etc, are a neotenous group. It's insane and fascinating.
the hypothesis is that larval tunicates, invertebrate chordates, gave rise to the vertebrates, but yeah it's a fascinating hypothesis. Interestingly Appendicularia are group of tunicates that are bascially this (stay as a fish-like larvae their whole lives isntead of metamorphosizing into a sessile adult)
@@cookieman2028 this! This is what I was looking for. Thank you!
Also, I edited my original comment so as to not spread incorrect ideas
Dwarf chameleons are also neotenic for another example.
I love this video. All animals are long life.
The new thumbnail is a huge upgrade!
My dissertstion at uni was on this exact topic ❤
Thank you @mothlightmedia1936 for uploading a new video ❤One of the best channels out there!
OHHH so that's why old people look like apes so much!!!!! 😱 Great video!
OMG I LOVE YOUR UPLOADS 💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞💞
That's why Croc don't eat birds. And Birds tend to them by removing leftover from their teeth
crocs do eat birds, opportunistically
Fascinating stuff.
Many years ago my friends and I were swimming in a lake when we accidentally dropped a bottle of expensive booze to the depths. Now we really didn’t care about the bottle, but we thought it would be fun to try and dive down to get it so we bought an air pump for a mattress and a length of tubing. We wrapped a flashlight in a ziplock bag and went for it but of course we couldn’t reach the bottom. I went first(I actually had some dive experience) and quickly realized that even with the air pump the 15’ of hose was just not getting it done. So to this day there is a bottle of Louis XIII waiting for some Explorer to find one day.
Omnivory would be awesome in your video format
The diagram @7:09 should read: crocodiles-dinosaurs-birds.
Loved the video❤
New MLM video! This is my happy day!
first comment! love your vids, keep it up !!!