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Trachea || Anatomy; Location, Relations, Clinical Correlations
## Anatomy of the Trachea
### Location and Relations
****The Trachea in the Neck**** 🌟
- The trachea begins at the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage (C6 vertebral level) and extends inferiorly into the superior mediastinum.
- In the neck, the trachea is covered anteriorly by the isthmus of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid veins, the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles, and the cervical fascia.
- Laterally in the neck, the trachea is related to the common carotid arteries, the thyroid gland lobes, the inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent laryngeal nerves.
- Posteriorly in the neck, the trachea is in contact with the esophagus and the vertebral column.
****The Trachea in the Thorax**** 🌟
- In the thorax, the trachea lies in the superior medi
## Anatomy of the Trachea
### Location and Relations
**The Trachea in the Neck** 🌟
- The trachea begins at the inferior margin of the cricoid cartilage (C6 vertebral level) and extends inferiorly into the superior mediastinum.
- In the neck, the trachea is covered anteriorly by the isthmus of the thyroid gland, the inferior thyroid veins, the sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles, and the cervical fascia.
- Laterally in the neck, the trachea is related to the common carotid arteries, the thyroid gland lobes, the inferior thyroid arteries, and the recurrent laryngeal nerves.
- Posteriorly in the neck, the trachea is in contact with the esophagus and the vertebral column.
**The Trachea in the Thorax** 🌟
- In the thorax, the trachea lies in the superior mediastinum.
- Anteriorly, the trachea is covered by the manubrium of the sternum, the remains of the thymus, the left brachiocephalic vein, the aortic arch, the brachiocephalic trunk, the left common carotid artery, and the deep cardiac plexus.
- On the right side, the trachea is related to the pleura, the right vagus nerve, and the brachiocephalic trunk near the root of the neck.
- On the left side, the trachea is related to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, the aortic arch, and the left common carotid and subclavian arteries.
- The trachea bifurcates into the right and left main bronchi at the level of the sternal angle (T4-T5 vertebral level), forming the carina.
### Structure 🔬
- The trachea is a tube-like structure composed of 16-20 C-shaped cartilage rings that occupy the anterior and lateral aspects of the tracheal wall.
- The posterior aspect of the trachea is a flat, membranous wall containing the trachealis muscle (smooth muscle).
- The tracheal lumen is lined by a mucosa of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
- The tracheal cartilage rings are connected by fibroelastic tracheal annular ligaments.
### Arterial Supply and Venous Drainage 💉
- The proximal half of the trachea is supplied by tracheo-esophageal branches of the inferior thyroid artery.
- The distal half of the trachea and the carina are supplied by the superior and middle bronchial arteries.
- The trachea drains venously into the inferior thyroid venous plexus.
### Lymphatic Drainage 💧
- The lymphatic drainage of the trachea is to the pretracheal and paratracheal lymph nodes.
### Innervation 🧠
- The trachea receives sensory innervation from the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
- Autonomic innervation is provided by the anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses, originating from the sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
### Clinical Correlations 🏥
- Tracheal anomalies, such as tracheal bronchus ("pig bronchus"), tracheal diverticulum, and tracheal buckling, can occur and may present with respiratory symptoms.
- Tracheal deviation or shift can occur due to mediastinal masses or other pathologies, which can be clinically relevant.
- The carina, the ridge of cartilage between the openings of the two bronchi, is the most sensitive area of the trachea for triggering the cough reflex.
### References
[1] [Elsevier: Respiratory System - Trachea](www.elsevier.com/resources/anatomy/respiratory-system/lower-respiratory-system/trachea/17685)
[2] [TeachMeAnatomy: Tracheobronchial Tree](teachmeanatomy.info/thorax/organs/tracheobronchial-tree/)
[3] [Medscape: Trachea Overview](emedicine.medscape.com/article/1949391-overview)
[4] [Radiopaedia: Trachea](radiopaedia.org/articles/trachea)
[5] [ScienceDirect: Trachea](www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/trachea)
[6] [NCBI: Trachea](www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4775257/)
[7] [Slideshare: Anatomy of Trachea](www.slideshare.net/slideshow/anatomy-of-tracheapptx-260527257/260527257)
Time Chapters
00:00 Introduction
00:50 Location
04:36 Comparative features of adult and child trachea
06:42 Relations in cervical region
10:02 Relations in thoraxic region
13:13 Blood supply
14:14 Nerve supply
14:28 Clinical correlations
zhlédnutí: 69

Video

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The Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve X) 🧠 Anatomical Course and Branches The vagus nerve, the 10th cranial nerve (CN X), is the longest and most complex of the cranial nerves. It originates in the brainstem's medulla oblongata and extends from the head down through the neck, chest, and abdomen. In the Head - The vagus nerve exits the skull through the jugular foramen and the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) ...
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The vestibulocochlear nerve, also known as cranial nerve VIII, has two main components: the vestibular nerve and the cochlear nerve. Each has distinct pathways and functions. Vestibulocochlear Nerve Pathway Vestibular Pathway 1. Origin: The vestibular nerve fibers originate from the vestibular ganglion (Scarpa’s ganglion), which contains the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons. 2. Pathway: The p...
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Komentáře

  • @user-hd7nr8lj8h
    @user-hd7nr8lj8h Před 4 dny

    Ffrbrbz5 said the decision was 974😂584

  • @letsmakemedicineeasy
    @letsmakemedicineeasy Před 24 dny

    The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) has a complex pathway and innervates muscles of facial expression, as well as some functions in taste and salivation. Understanding its pathway and the difference between upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) lesions is essential for accurate diagnosis in clinical practice. Pathway of the Facial Nerve Origin:The facial nerve arises from the facial nucleus in the pons of the brainstem. Intracranial Pathway:From the facial nucleus, the nerve travels laterally, looping around the abducens nucleus (internal genu) before exiting the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction. Intracanalicular Pathway:It enters the internal acoustic meatus with the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII).It then travels through the facial canal in the temporal bone, where it has three segments: labyrinthine, tympanic, and mastoid. Extracranial Pathway:The nerve exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen.It then divides into five major branches (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical) within the parotid gland to innervate the muscles of facial expression. Differentiation Between Upper and Lower Motor Neuron Lesions The clinical presentation of facial nerve palsy depends on whether the lesion is in the upper motor neuron (UMN) or lower motor neuron (LMN): Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) Lesion Location: Lesions are located in the central nervous system above the facial nucleus (e.g., in the cortex or corticobulbar tract). Characteristics:Contralateral lower face weakness: The forehead muscles are spared due to bilateral cortical innervation, so the patient can still wrinkle their forehead and close their eyes on the affected side.This is because the upper portion of the facial nucleus, which controls the upper face, receives bilateral input from both cerebral hemispheres, while the lower portion of the facial nucleus, controlling the lower face, receives only contralateral input. Common Causes: Stroke, brain tumors, multiple sclerosis. Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) LesionLocation: Lesions are located in the peripheral pathway of the facial nerve after it exits the facial nucleus (e.g., within the brainstem, facial canal, or after it exits the stylomastoid foramen). Characteristics:Ipsilateral whole face weakness: Both the upper and lower parts of the face are affected. The patient cannot wrinkle their forehead, close their eye, or move the muscles of the lower face on the affected side.Additional symptoms may include hyperacusis (due to stapedius muscle paralysis), loss of taste sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and decreased salivation and tear production if the lesion is proximal enough to affect the nervus intermedius. Common Causes: Bell’s palsy, trauma, tumors, infections (e.g., Ramsay Hunt syndrome), Lyme disease. Summary UMN Lesion: Contralateral lower face weakness with forehead sparing.LMN Lesion: Ipsilateral complete facial weakness affecting both upper and lower parts of the face.Recognizing the differences in clinical presentation helps in pinpointing the location of the lesion and guiding appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic measures.

  • @VernonRhem
    @VernonRhem Před 28 dny

    I had bad stroke on right side, eye and ear on right is bad if not for that i could deal

    • @letsmakemedicineeasy
      @letsmakemedicineeasy Před 27 dny

      Sorry dear I couldn't understand what you are trying to say, can you clarify a little bit.

    • @VernonRhem
      @VernonRhem Před 27 dny

      I had what I think is a brainstem stroke I fell on right side. That side my eye sees double only to right but left is unstable which I can't drive if for that I could deal easy.

  • @jathyav
    @jathyav Před 29 dny

    App eka mkd akke

  • @letsmakemedicineeasy
    @letsmakemedicineeasy Před měsícem

    For further explorations: Trochlear Nerve czcams.com/video/q83Y8F1YK88/video.htmlsi=E4Y_R-xOrAzhLRqc

  • @SerenaShiloh
    @SerenaShiloh Před měsícem

    Nice explaination😊

  • @user-fz5di3uw8i
    @user-fz5di3uw8i Před měsícem

    5th left intercostal space mid clavicular line

  • @ZinaweZewege
    @ZinaweZewege Před měsícem

    Where are u from u wante u to aske question give me your email

  • @letsmakemedicineeasy
    @letsmakemedicineeasy Před 2 měsíci

    Watch the video "Posterior Triangle of the Neck" for more Clarity!!!! czcams.com/video/lFHTrBwqo6Q/video.html

  • @worldaround6520
    @worldaround6520 Před 2 měsíci

    Langerhan vs. Foreign body. In Foreign we are dealing with non living thing so killing it is easy while to kill a living thing you need a regular organisation nuclei like you would in millitary parade. 🪖 In summary: in Foreign body giant cell the nuclei are arranged in haphazard way while in Langerhan where we have to kill bacteria and all that we have a very nice pattern of nuclear organisation.

  • @user-qg8wx1fr2w
    @user-qg8wx1fr2w Před 2 měsíci

    ❤

  • @sasithanupama5378
    @sasithanupama5378 Před 3 měsíci

    it was really helpful

  • @letsmakemedicineeasy
    @letsmakemedicineeasy Před 3 měsíci

    Watch the video on the external carotid artery for more clarification! czcams.com/video/REOEb3UxCxI/video.htmlsi=VCAN_xvbIP-TuL6q

  • @jathyav
    @jathyav Před 3 měsíci

    really helpfull ❤

  • @jathyav
    @jathyav Před 3 měsíci

    tnx 😊

  • @jathyav
    @jathyav Před 3 měsíci

    really helpful 🙂

  • @SongoulFranklin
    @SongoulFranklin Před 3 měsíci

    Radius

  • @veenakakkayyagol4587
    @veenakakkayyagol4587 Před 3 měsíci

    it's very helpful, make more video😊

  • @BrunoKapinde
    @BrunoKapinde Před 3 měsíci

    I think the transverse cervical artery gives 2 branches deep and superficial..not as illustrated in your initial diagram

    • @letsmakemedicineeasy
      @letsmakemedicineeasy Před 3 měsíci

      Yes I agree.Some books says transverse cervical artery gives superficial branch and deep branch.According to my knowledge there are some controversial points in anatomy.It depends on the book you refer. here the two diagrams were taken from standard anatomy text books snell's and gray's but there is a little difference in the 1st diagram.

  • @user-fz5di3uw8i
    @user-fz5di3uw8i Před 3 měsíci

    You clearly described the anatomy of the sciatic nerve❤ It was helpful

  • @user-hs7vc2ww7l
    @user-hs7vc2ww7l Před 3 měsíci

    ❤

  • @user-hs7vc2ww7l
    @user-hs7vc2ww7l Před 3 měsíci

    Clear explaination❤

  • @SongoulFranklin
    @SongoulFranklin Před 3 měsíci

    You are clearly explaining the things that we should know about intercostal nerves...

  • @pixpatria3855
    @pixpatria3855 Před 4 měsíci

    ❤ clear explanation

  • @chamudinethra2981
    @chamudinethra2981 Před 4 měsíci

    ♥️♥️

  • @sasithanupama5378
    @sasithanupama5378 Před 4 měsíci

    😍

  • @sasithanupama5378
    @sasithanupama5378 Před 4 měsíci

    😍

  • @nethadihandunhewa
    @nethadihandunhewa Před 4 měsíci

    ❤❤❤

  • @fathimahamnah1390
    @fathimahamnah1390 Před 4 měsíci

    This is some great work Sashika Akka ❤

  • @senelidesilva6193
    @senelidesilva6193 Před 4 měsíci

    ❤️❤️

  • @senelidesilva6193
    @senelidesilva6193 Před 4 měsíci

    ❤️❤️

  • @santhushikaveesha3085
    @santhushikaveesha3085 Před 4 měsíci

    ❤❤

  • @nishadiapsara6443
    @nishadiapsara6443 Před 4 měsíci

    ❤

  • @user-ix4gf5jh3w
    @user-ix4gf5jh3w Před 4 měsíci

    great❤

  • @sahanchamikara5311
    @sahanchamikara5311 Před 4 měsíci

    💖🖤

  • @ravindiprabhasi5215
    @ravindiprabhasi5215 Před 4 měsíci

    ❤️❤️

  • @user-uj3gm2nc5e
    @user-uj3gm2nc5e Před 4 měsíci

    ❤

  • @user-uj3gm2nc5e
    @user-uj3gm2nc5e Před 4 měsíci

    ♥️

  • @nishadiapsara6443
    @nishadiapsara6443 Před 4 měsíci

    ❤