FesZ Electronics
FesZ Electronics
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Cavity Filter Basics
#227 In this video I look at another constructive type of filters that moves from the world of lumped elements to the world of distributed elements, what I'm referring to is cavity filters. I look at some of the basic operating principles as well as some constructive types and next time I will be performing some measurements on a set of practical devices.
Filter series:
Ep1 - Intro : czcams.com/video/Zipbm27LoZ4/video.html
Ep2 - Passive RC Filters: czcams.com/video/NBLCqqmvy0A/video.html
Ep3 - Active RC Filters: czcams.com/video/FQYtOj_4kbw/video.html
Ep4 - More Active RC Filters: czcams.com/video/H_DiGSNaFyg/video.html
Ep5 - Introduction to LC Filters: czcams.com/video/KECCpj1Qpn0/video.html
Ep6 - LC filter limitations: czcams.com/video/DYJkmq5xUlc/video.html
Ep7 - Piezo-Electric Filters
Ep8 - Crystal Filter Measurements and Design
Ep9 - Cavity filter Basics
Further reading:
w6nbc.com/articles/duplexer.pdf
lea.hamradio.si/~s53mv/cavity/cavity.html
k5tra.net/tech%20library/filters%20-%20general/Cavity%20and%20combline%20filters,%20combiners,%20and%20duplexers/Cavity%20and%20combline%20filters,%20combiners%20and%20duplexers.pdf
Special Thanks to all my supporters on Patreon!
If you liked this video be sure to check out my other videos and you can also subscribe to be up to date with all the new ones!
If you want to support the creation of more and better videos please consider checking out: www.patreon.com/feszelectronics
zhlédnutí: 7 027

Video

Crystal Filter Experiments
zhlédnutí 3,8KPřed dnem
#226 In this video I continue looking at crystal and ceramics based piezo-electric filters, by performing some measurements and experiments on a set of filters I've previously built. I take a look at a few stand-alone filter components - like a saw filter and a ceramic resonator but also observe how a crystal ladder filter can be designed and what are some of the things to keep in mind with it....
Piezo-Electric Filters
zhlédnutí 4,7KPřed 21 dnem
#225 In this episode I start looking at piezo-electric based components that can be used in filter circuits. Things like ceramic resonators, quartz crystals and SAW or BAW filter components can all be categorized into a wider class of piezo-electric components. I first look at what are the principles used by such a component and then continue by looking at the equivalent electrical model. Final...
Limitations of LC Filters
zhlédnutí 5KPřed 28 dny
#224 In this video I look at some of the issues faced by filters build around inductors and capacitors - although a widely used type of filter, the LC filter is not a universal solution - main limitations that it faces will be the losses and thus the limited Q factor and the other big issue is the components actually keeping their values - in certain usecases, the components will just change th...
Introduction to LC Filters
zhlédnutí 6KPřed měsícem
#223 In this video I continue looking at filters by analyzing implementations that utilize reactive only passive components - inductors and capacitors. I look at the main building blocks - the exact arrangements in which individual or groups of components are commonly used but also look at specific calculation tool that makes designing filters a bit more easy. Filter series: Ep1 - Intro : czcam...
MORE Active RC Filters
zhlédnutí 3,5KPřed měsícem
#222 In this video I continue looking at the topic of active RC filters by first of all analyzing the All-Pass filter and then looking at some other active circuits that can be used in the building of filter. In particular I look at the negative impedance converter and the general impedance converter. After analyzing what the circuits are supposed to do, I try out some simulations to see how it...
Active RC-filter Basics
zhlédnutí 6KPřed 2 měsíci
#221 In this video I continue looking at filters, by exploring how the basic RC filter can be enhanced by using active, amplification, elements. I look at the various limitations that are brought on by the amplification element but also the benefits and some of the special configurations that can be implemented. Active elements will allow the creation of all the types of filter response, but al...
Passive RC Filters
zhlédnutí 3,8KPřed 2 měsíci
#220 In this video I start looking at one of the most basic forms of filters - the ones implemented as resistor-capacitor networks. Contrary to their apparent simplicity, these filters can be made to have a wide variety of response shapes and are usually used in low frequency applications. Filter series: Ep1 - Intro : czcams.com/video/Zipbm27LoZ4/video.html Ep2 - Passive RC Filters: czcams.com/...
Intro to Filters
zhlédnutí 10KPřed 2 měsíci
#219 This video is the first in a longer series dedicated to looking at electronic filters. In this episode I focus on some of the basics regarding filtrs, look at the various types of filters, their characteristic responses and how the response can vary based on the chosen components. I will also be looking into some of the terms associated with filters regarding their amplitude but also phase...
Looking at Pulse Width Modulation and Pulse Frequency Modulation
zhlédnutí 4,2KPřed 3 měsíci
#218 In this video I take a look at the key differences between the main ways of modulating the drive signal of a switched mode power supply - Pulse width and Pulse frequency modulation. Both types of modulation end up doing the same thing - regulating the output voltage of the supply, but they each have their specific advantages and drawbacks. More on Power supplies: PSU Static Output: czcams....
Skin Effect and Proximity Effect
zhlédnutí 19KPřed 3 měsíci
#217 In this video I look at the basic effects that end up changing the resistance of conductors when signals of different frequency pass trough - skin effect and proximity effect. I look at the theoretical principles behind these phenomenon but also try measuring them in real life. How to setup your VNA measurements: czcams.com/video/X2lk-V-d9E8/video.html More inductor related content: Toroid...
LTspice tutorial - simulating Frequency Dependent component Parameters
zhlédnutí 3,2KPřed 3 měsíci
#216 In this tutorial episode I look at how components can be modeled to have frequency dependent parameters. I first analyze the way in which the basic passive components - the resistor, capacitor and inductor can be modeled using G-sources with the Laplace function, and then I look at how the values can be made frequency dependent. Further reading: www.analog.com/en/resources/technical-articl...
How to setup your VNA measurements
zhlédnutí 8KPřed 4 měsíci
#215 In this video I look at some of the specific setup considerations needed when performing measurements with a VNA. In general the VNA, like any other tool, is capable of very good results but only if its used correctly. I will be looking at the various ways in which a test component can be connected based on the exact expected impedance as well as other setup considerations like external no...
Looking at Continuous and Discontinuous Conduction Mode
zhlédnutí 8KPřed 4 měsíci
#214 In this video I analyze and look at the main differences between the main conductions modes found in switch mode power supplies - continuous and discontinuous conduction mode. I look at what the exact difference is between the 2 modes as well as look at how the performance of the circuit is finally impacted. More on Power supplies: PSU Static Output: czcams.com/video/ESz64YnDEIg/video.html...
Gain block RF Amplifiers - Building and Testing [2/2]
zhlédnutí 5KPřed 4 měsíci
#213 In this video I continue working on the gain block amplifier I simulated last time, by building it and doing some practical tests. Although its not perfect, it does provide usable performance by enhancing some of the weaker signals. Related content: Gain block RF Amplifiers - Theory and Design [1/2]: czcams.com/video/8myFI-tmowo/video.html Gain block RF Amplifiers - Theory and Design [2/2]...
Gain block RF Amplifiers - Theory and Design [1/2]
zhlédnutí 29KPřed 5 měsíci
Gain block RF Amplifiers - Theory and Design [1/2]
Building INDUCTOR-CAPACITOR Baluns
zhlédnutí 3,3KPřed 5 měsíci
Building INDUCTOR-CAPACITOR Baluns
Analyzing Guanella Impedance Transformers
zhlédnutí 4,3KPřed 5 měsíci
Analyzing Guanella Impedance Transformers
The Ruthroff Impedance Transformer
zhlédnutí 9KPřed 7 měsíci
The Ruthroff Impedance Transformer
LTspice tutorial - Differential transmission lines
zhlédnutí 5KPřed 7 měsíci
LTspice tutorial - Differential transmission lines
Experiments with Transmission Line Baluns
zhlédnutí 2,7KPřed 7 měsíci
Experiments with Transmission Line Baluns
Transmission-Line Baluns
zhlédnutí 3,2KPřed 8 měsíci
Transmission-Line Baluns
Energy transfer in Baluns
zhlédnutí 5KPřed 8 měsíci
Energy transfer in Baluns
Voltage and Current Baluns
zhlédnutí 8KPřed 8 měsíci
Voltage and Current Baluns
Communication lines and baluns
zhlédnutí 12KPřed 9 měsíci
Communication lines and baluns
Quick look at QSPICE
zhlédnutí 20KPřed 9 měsíci
Quick look at QSPICE
Electronic Switches - SMPS and snubbers (2/2)
zhlédnutí 8KPřed 9 měsíci
Electronic Switches - SMPS and snubbers (2/2)
Electronic Switches - SMPS and snubbers (1/2)
zhlédnutí 15KPřed 10 měsíci
Electronic Switches - SMPS and snubbers (1/2)
About Resonant Dipoles
zhlédnutí 12KPřed 10 měsíci
About Resonant Dipoles
Switch Contact Protection - Testing it Out (2/2)
zhlédnutí 6KPřed 10 měsíci
Switch Contact Protection - Testing it Out (2/2)

Komentáře

  • @fotografm
    @fotografm Před 20 hodinami

    Excellent video ! I appreciate your clear and thorough approach. This technology cannot be replaced by SDR when power is involved eg. in a transmitter. Keep up the good work !

  • @glenmartin2437
    @glenmartin2437 Před dnem

    Thanks.

  • @juliano8603
    @juliano8603 Před dnem

    My mini system jvc is out of frequency radio fm . Jvc mx-g7. What happens??

  • @guytech7310
    @guytech7310 Před dnem

    I would have liked to see the design of those two sample filters you created. Design, construction, and testing. That would make a interesting video. For instance how did you spec out the size, positioning of the internal components & how to make any adjustments (presuming its possible with the construction method used.

  • @deang5622
    @deang5622 Před dnem

    "I signed up to a degree in electronic engineering, NOT plumbing!"

  • @andrewmcfarland57
    @andrewmcfarland57 Před dnem

    Can we see one of those nifty copper boxes on a VNA? 🙂

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před dnem

      Of course! I test all the filters I've built in the next episode.

  • @ThermalWorld_
    @ThermalWorld_ Před dnem

    Thanks for explaining Cavity filters.. Very black magic 😛

  • @andrewmcfarland57
    @andrewmcfarland57 Před dnem

    Analog is king. 🙂

  • @StreakyP
    @StreakyP Před dnem

    great video many thanks... talking about amateur radio "abuse" of these things I have heard of aluminium beer kegs successfully being used as the conductive "cavity" for a VHF filter but the best one was a April fools joke about a 30' shipping container for a 7MHz (40 metre) cavity filter.

    • @Dazzwidd
      @Dazzwidd Před 16 hodinami

      I bet a shipping container wouldn't be big enough for 7mhz. 14mhz though 🤔

  • @dalesmith8666
    @dalesmith8666 Před dnem

    Do a search for the "Kellermann Balun". It might be of interest to you and others, possibly try to simulate it and figure out how it works, the theory behind it. I contacted a few people on the subject, not much was given out. I'm a retired RF engineer, and also a Radio Amateur for 50 years. If I get the time I will also build one to test. Mind you that it is a 1:1 Balun. From what I can understand, it will handle plenty of power, depending on the size of the coax used, eg: rg142 or rg393. Should be a perfect Balun for a Balanced Tuner, on the input side of course, 50 ohms unbalanced in , output balanced.

  • @inrit
    @inrit Před dnem

    I have been waiting for a clear and concise video on cavity filters forever! Thank you so much!!!

  • @trcwm
    @trcwm Před dnem

    Can’t wait for the practical measurements! 👍

  • @joansola02
    @joansola02 Před dnem

    Super interesting as always. Question: the 50 ohm source impedance in the models should be in series no? Or what is the effect of having this resistor in parallel with the voltage source?

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před dnem

      When modeling a voltage source, this is comprised of an ideal voltage source with a series resistor; when modeling a current source, its comprised of a ideal current source with a parallel resistor. If you add the resistor in parallel with an ideal voltage source it will have no effect (same for a resistor in series with the current source); from the "outside", an ideal voltage source, or an ideal voltage source with a parallel resistor behave in exactly the same way.

    • @joansola02
      @joansola02 Před dnem

      @@FesZElectronics Yes, yes! But at 5:30 you are using voltage sources. Therefore my comment . Thanks for this quick answer, and for your excellent videos!

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před dnem

      With voltage sources, if you right click on them directly, or going to "advanced", you have the option of defining the parasitics - series resistance and parallel capacitance; in the simulation, you can see under the "AC 1" parameter definition, the text "Rser=50" which is part of the voltage source definition -so the 50ohm series resistance is included into the voltage source, it does not have to be a dedicated external resistance.

    • @joansola02
      @joansola02 Před dnem

      @@FesZElectronics Oh I see. So the external resistor is just an adapted load resistor? this makes sense.

  • @R2AUK
    @R2AUK Před dnem

    Great topic 👍

  • @csoszadavid4803
    @csoszadavid4803 Před dnem

    How can you choose the right Beta, If there is no problem everybody would choose 800, What is the method to choose "Beta"

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před dnem

      The component datasheet will usually give an interval; also the beta is current, temperature and Vce dependent; usually, to be safe, you should determine the realistic extreme values of beta (both maximum and minimum), and make sure the circuit works for both.

  • @BartKus
    @BartKus Před dnem

    Any chance for FEM of these filters? Like, what's an optimal coupling loop shape / position? Some coupling loops use flat wire instead of round. Why?

  • @electronics.unmessed

    Good explanation! Thanks for sharing! 👍

  • @TorSilviu
    @TorSilviu Před dnem

    What is the use of these narrow band filters? For an application such as a radio station you need a 100khz bandwidth, which this narrow band filter doesn't seem to cover, maybe it covers a 10th of that at best. Sorry I think I know why, it's so that small band signals don't mess with the modulation of bigger band signals

    • @gammaleader96
      @gammaleader96 Před dnem

      There are quite a few signals with a bandwith <= 10kHz. A narrow band FM signal for example uses 10kHz of bandwith and a SSB voice signal uses only 2.4kHz. Also for stuff like spectrum analyzers you need very narrow band filters to get a good resolution bandwith.

  • @jonathanlister5644

    Excellent and elegant as always. This exemplifies the artiness of electronics!

  • @TheDiveO
    @TheDiveO Před dnem

    having seen this some time ago in one or some of Curious Marc's vids, this is finally building the missing link to this dark art of trolling the rest of electronics!

  • @w04h
    @w04h Před dnem

    The dark magic of electronics

    • @icebluscorpion
      @icebluscorpion Před dnem

      Rather the CURSED! area of the Dark Magic Electronics XD

  • @bobi_lopataru
    @bobi_lopataru Před 2 dny

    What?! How come I find out you're Romanian only now? You should have seen the look of shock on my face when you pulled out that electronics book... Te salut!

  • @anoimo9013
    @anoimo9013 Před 2 dny

    6:40 Not quite sure why does coupling the two inductors give better attenuation for common mode.

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před 2 dny

      The coupling is usefull to cancel the differential inductance; in general, the differential current is very large compared to the common mode one, so any inductance that interacts with the differential current needs to be able to not saturate - this limits the realistic values that can be achieved - usually 10-100uH; with a CMC, since it only interacts with the common mode current, which is very small, inductance values can go in the 100uH-22mH; such large values would not normally be feasible as uncoupled inductors which do not saturate.

  • @andreybrodianski5596

    Hi. I had very accurate working model of vacuum tube 12AX7. After refreshing my PC new installation (with new blue buttons tool bar) doesn’t run old saved files with tubes. Do you know what is the issue?

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před 2 dny

      You can check if the model is corectly linked to the simulation - there should be an ".include" or ".model" statement with a link somewhere in the simulation - maybe the link changed; if its something else, you could post the exact error that you are getting.

  • @geertas
    @geertas Před 3 dny

    in many class C amplifier the Capacitor which is parallel with the coil on the collector is omitted. Can you explain why that is?

  • @jacobfaseler5311
    @jacobfaseler5311 Před 5 dny

    I went ahead and implemented these two features as components (source-like constraints) that can be placed in LTspice. The "Iconst" current constraint can be placed in series with a source, whereas the "Vconst" voltage constraint can be placed in parallel with a source. Example test-jigs included in the zip Link to the library: drive.google.com/file/d/1I3VxgBCDz8ntf56d5Q9Zr3E13vShVpg9/view?usp=sharing

  • @quinsattorney
    @quinsattorney Před 5 dny

    Thank you sir. Great simple demonstration.

  • @Freedom4Ever420
    @Freedom4Ever420 Před 6 dny

    You have the best crystal method.

  • @harrimansat
    @harrimansat Před 6 dny

    one of the bests electronics channel! thanks!

  • @komoezaw4952
    @komoezaw4952 Před 6 dny

    What is simulation software used for circuit design?

  • @alexengineering3754

    Interesting videos thank you. Everyone love Software defined radio's

  • @ats89117
    @ats89117 Před 8 dny

    The crystal model used is called the Butterworth Van Dyke (BVD) model. The model can be extended by adding multiple RLC circuits along with a single parallel capacitor to model the primary and secondary resonant and anti-resonant frequencies. For sonar usage, widening the band between the resonant and anti-resonant frequencies by addition of series and parallel inductance is an underutilized method for achieving better performance...

  • @MegaCadr
    @MegaCadr Před 8 dny

    I don’t know what other channel that I watch every new video start to finish as soon as it drops. Another fantastic video! I was part way through building a superhet transceiver by building each module, and the crystal filter was the most fun to build.

  • @Dazzwidd
    @Dazzwidd Před 8 dny

    Feszzzzzzzzzz.....

  • @themechanicly83
    @themechanicly83 Před 8 dny

    Hi there for the demonstration of the filters with the sdr software with rtlsdr hardware there are horizontal lines in the waterfall which oszilate a bit over time. If i am not mistaking i would think this could be the automatic gain control adjusting amplification making the comparism wrong. What do you think?

    • @themechanicly83
      @themechanicly83 Před 8 dny

      I just saw the agc s are disabled. Why do you think this happens?

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před 8 dny

      I guess that there are some very strong signal appearing that are overdriving the pre-amplifier, or just the input stage, and then it behaves as if the AGC is still on; or maybe its just a protection mechanism that cannot be turned off. I'm not sure what happened.

  • @RasoulMojtahedzadeh

    You forgot about Monolithic Crystal Filters (MCF) :-)

  • @ashispradhan4237
    @ashispradhan4237 Před 8 dny

    Is order of the filter the only reason why there were some extra spikes in the filter response ? Or is it also because of the imperfections in the crystal ? Also how can we get rid of those spikey responses ? Excellent video though.

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před 8 dny

      The spikes are caused by the imperfections in the crystals, but my assumption is that a higher order filter would filter these spike out since each crystal has its imperfections different from other crystals.

  • @lotecque
    @lotecque Před 8 dny

    Why did the first filter not make much of a difference in the SDR graph? Based on the plot of the filter characteristics I expected a much better result.

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před 8 dny

      I think the reason is that most major noise sources (like FM ~100MHz and GSM ~800MHz) are too far away to affect the operation of the SDR; I've seen a far more clear difference and improvement when building filters for the 2m band (~145MHz) since that is very close to the FM band and the Air Band - and filtering these out creates a major improvement.

  • @alejandroperez5368
    @alejandroperez5368 Před 8 dny

    Consider changing your greetings at the beginning.

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před 8 dny

      What would you suggest as better option?

    • @tcarney57
      @tcarney57 Před 7 dny

      @@FesZElectronics He wants one he likes. That he didn't offer any specific suggestions at all means he gave it no thought and doesn't really care in the first place. BTW, there's nothing wrong with your greetings. Ignore this guy.

  • @chengL10
    @chengL10 Před 8 dny

    Thank you for the video, it was really helpful. Can I know the data sheet of the second filter of 10.7MHz ?

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před 8 dny

      Do you mean the 10.7MHz ceramic resonator? I used the same resonator in both measurements (with and without the 220R resistors); unfortunately I do not have a datasheet or order code for this component since it was just a random component I found in a box

    • @chengL10
      @chengL10 Před 8 dny

      @@FesZElectronicsthank you anyways :)

  • @allkias
    @allkias Před 8 dny

    Thanks a lot. Would be very appreciated analyzing also N-path filters which are also characterized by very narrow-band frequency response.

  • @johnwest7993
    @johnwest7993 Před 8 dny

    Thank you.

  • @m1geo
    @m1geo Před 10 dny

    I really like the AADE Designer tool. I have one of his AADE LCR meter. Great demonstration! 👌

    • @johnwest7993
      @johnwest7993 Před 8 dny

      Me too. Mine was one of my most useful tools, although I've pretty much switched to using a NanoVNA because of all of the info provided across a wide frequency range in just a few seconds.

  • @davidjmstewart
    @davidjmstewart Před 13 dny

    At 4:48 you introduced a diode across SW2 to ensure current is always flowing through the inductor. How does the diode achieve this? Its anode is at ground so the only way for it to conduct is if Vs2 < -0.6V rigbt? Why is that node swinging below ground when it wasn't before (the only change is that you introduced the delay). Is it that with the delay, the left hand side of the inductor would be floating for a short period of time, changing its voltage to try and keep current flowing, and the diode now allows current to flow from ground, and into the inductor?

    • @FesZElectronics
      @FesZElectronics Před 11 dny

      The inductor current in a buck converter will always flow from the switching node towards the output; when the high side switch is on, the inductor behaves like a load, getting charged with current, so the left side is at a higher voltage potential than the right side; when the high side switch is off, current still flows either trough the diode or the low side switch, an this time the inductor behaves like a battery - it is producing a voltage which is inverted to when it was behaving like a load - so the left side is at a lower voltage potential than the right; if the low side is an ideal switch, then that side of the inductor is at 0V; if its a real switch (with non-zero voltage drop) or a diode, the switching node goes negative - this is how the diode is being polarized.

  • @nityanandadas5575
    @nityanandadas5575 Před 14 dny

    Excellent video. Still one querry, in Frequency modulation , class C amplifier is used . Whether full sinusoildal Wave is the output of Class C amplifier or a limited angle ( less < 2 pi ) is used ? Thanks

  • @louco2
    @louco2 Před 15 dny

    Amazing as always! Thank you

  • @BusDriverRFI
    @BusDriverRFI Před 16 dny

    In your first computer simulation, you have a 50 ohm source feeding a 100 ohm resistor in series with a 100 ohm resistor in parallel with a 1 ohm/1uF to ground. Where did you come up with this model for the simulation? Where's the necessary inductance? Is it already cancelled out? How do you reconcile this model with the antenna circuit definition of R+jX? How do you unbalance a resistor in series with an inductor and capacitor? You are familiar with R+jX, right?

  • @user-tr1yx3ol8m
    @user-tr1yx3ol8m Před 17 dny

    Very good!

  • @hoivien3001
    @hoivien3001 Před 17 dny

    thank you

  • @hoivien3001
    @hoivien3001 Před 17 dny

    thank you