![Neurology Analogy](/img/default-banner.jpg)
- 14
- 74 572
Neurology Analogy
United Kingdom
Registrace 4. 11. 2019
Neuro-Ophthalmology fellow working in London.
Here you'll find a growing collection of original animated neurology analogies.
The videos are aimed at healthcare students/professionals who see neurological patients, however, anyone can easily understand and learn from them.
Animated analogies are an evidence-based way to understand complex concepts by simplifying them in a relatable way that anyone can understand. So next time you approach a neurological patient (or exam question), you will have a 'mental model' that you can easily manipulate to get the right diagnosis.
If you have any questions/suggestions for future topics or anything else, leave a comment or email me (link below).
Whether you're a student or not, I'm hopeful that you'll learn something and together we can #EndNeurophobia đ
Here you'll find a growing collection of original animated neurology analogies.
The videos are aimed at healthcare students/professionals who see neurological patients, however, anyone can easily understand and learn from them.
Animated analogies are an evidence-based way to understand complex concepts by simplifying them in a relatable way that anyone can understand. So next time you approach a neurological patient (or exam question), you will have a 'mental model' that you can easily manipulate to get the right diagnosis.
If you have any questions/suggestions for future topics or anything else, leave a comment or email me (link below).
Whether you're a student or not, I'm hopeful that you'll learn something and together we can #EndNeurophobia đ
Romberg's Test | Animation | Explained Conceptually
An animated analogy explaining how Romberg's test is used to check for sensory or vestibular ataxia. Romberg's test is not a test of cerebellar ataxia.
Timecodes
0:00 - Intro
0:17 - Sensory systems
0:44 - Performing Romberg's Test
1:09 - Normal test
1:39 - Sensory ataxia
2:47 - Vestibular ataxia
4:13 - Cerebellar ataxia
5:33 - Functional ataxia
6:46 - Summary
Timecodes
0:00 - Intro
0:17 - Sensory systems
0:44 - Performing Romberg's Test
1:09 - Normal test
1:39 - Sensory ataxia
2:47 - Vestibular ataxia
4:13 - Cerebellar ataxia
5:33 - Functional ataxia
6:46 - Summary
zhlĂ©dnutĂ: 15 470
Video
Vertical Gaze Palsy | Progressive Supranuclear Palsy | Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome | Animation
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 4,7KPĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy explaining the mechanism behind vertical conjugate eye movement, and how this is damaged in disorders such as Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Dorsal Midbrain Syndrome Timecodes 0:00 - Intro 1:58 - riMLF function 2:55 - Crossed 'superior' EOM innervation 3:49 - INC function 5:20 - PC function 6:17 - Normal saccades 6:59 - Normal smooth pursuit 7:20 - Normal Vestibulo-ocula...
Horizontal Gaze Palsy | Strokes & Seizures | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 4,9KPĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy explaining how strokes and seizures cause horizontal gaze deviation, and how to use the horizontal VOR to differentiate between different types of gaze palsies. Link to Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia video part 1: czcams.com/video/Q18Y5qR11zU/video.html Timecodes 0:00 - Intro 1:01 - Frontal Eye Fields and normal horizontal gaze mechanism 3:28 - Hemispheric supranuclear gaze pa...
Beevor's Sign | Lower Thoracic Cord Lesions & Myopathies | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 4,3KPĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy to explain Beevor's Sign, which is the pathological, upward movement of the umbilicus on supine neck flexion due to lower rectus abdominis weakness. Link to Spinal Cord Injury video explaining why lower motor neuron lesions occur at the level of injury, and upper motor neuron lesions occur below the level of injury: czcams.com/video/n-vnnwcI92Q/video.html Timecodes 00:00 - I...
Facial Palsy | Bell's Palsy | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 854PĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy to explain how upper and lower motor neuron facial palsy causes differing patterns of facial weakness Timecodes 00:00 - Intro 00:22 - Motor cortex 00:35 - Contralateral Corticonuclear Tract 00:39 - Ipsilateral Corticonuclear Tract 01:14 - Facial Motor Nucleus 01:23 - Facial Nerve 01:42 - Lower Facial muscles 02:03 - Upper Facial muscles 02:32 - Bilateral cortical representat...
Brown Sequard Syndrome | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 9KPĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy to explain how all the clinical features of Brown Sequard Syndrome occur, including contralateral corticospinal and ipsilateral spinothalamic pathway involvement Link to Spinal Cord Injury video explaining why lower motor neuron lesions occur at the level of injury, and upper motor neuron lesions occur below the level of injury: czcams.com/video/n-vnnwcI92Q/video.html Timeco...
Fourth Nerve Palsies | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 3,5KPĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy to explain why vertical and torsional diplopia occurs in unilateral and bilateral 4th (trochlear) nerve palsies, and how to diagnose it at the bedside using Bielschowsky's head tilt test. Link to extraocular muscle actions video mentioned: czcams.com/video/zhzTIWGQ6Lg/video.html Timecodes 0:00 - Intro 0:25 - Analogy breakdown 0:46 - Resting extraocular muscle actions 1:03 - ...
Macular Sparing & Splitting Homonymous Hemianopia | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 6KPĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy to explain how vascular lesions can cause either a macular sparing or splitting homonymous hemianopia. Timecodes 00:00 - Intro 00:28 - Optic Radiations 01:10 - Occipital Lobe Paramacular Region 01:26 - Occipital Lobe Macular Region 02:01 - Analogy clarification 02:36 - Right macular splitting homonymous hemianopia 03:43 - Right macular sparing homonymous hemianopia 04:22 - B...
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO) Plus Syndromes (WEBINO, One and a half..) | Animated Explanation
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 3,4KPĆed 3 lety
Part 2 of an animated analogy discussing INO variants and explaining how they cause horizontal eye movement abnormalities Timecodes 0:00 - Intro 0:43 - Wall-Eyed Bilateral Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (WEBINO) 0:53 - WEBINO Exotropia 1:44 - BINO vs WEBINO 2:06 - Right Pontine lesion (Right PPRF damage) 2:20 - Acute pontine lesion â fixed conjugate gaze deviation 3:01 - Left Pontine lesion (Left...
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia | INO | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 9KPĆed 3 lety
Part 1 of an animated analogy to explain how the horizontal gaze pathway works and how it can get damaged to cause an Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO) Timecodes 0:00 - Intro 0:34 - Conjugate horizontal eye movement 1:08 - Analogy breakdown 1:26 - Saccadic vs pursuit movement 1:54 - Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF) 2:21 - Abducens nucleus motor neurons 2:37 - Abducens nerve 2:42 -...
Extraocular Muscle Actions | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 724PĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy to explain the various actions of the extraocular muscles, specifically those that act in the vertical plane Timecodes 0:00 - Intro 0:06 - Primary gaze 0:26 - Horizontal recti muscles 0:46 - Vertically acting extraocular muscles 1:43 - Analogy breakdown 2:53 - Torsion 3:14 - ADducted eye 3:25 - Superior oblique action 3:42 - Inferior oblique action 4:00 - ABducted eye 4:10 -...
Hoover's Sign | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 9KPĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy to explain how Hoover's sign can help distinguish organic from non-organic leg weakness Timecodes 0:00 - Intro 0:08 - Synergistic contraction 0:39 - Analogy breakdown 1:04 - Normal 1:28 - Organic right leg weakness ("lift weak leg") 1:56 - Organic right leg weakness ("lift good leg") 2:14 - Hoover's sign interpretation 2:24 - How to perform Hoover's sign 2:39 - Non-organic r...
Hypoglossal Nerve Injury | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 1,2KPĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy to explain how unilateral hypoglossal nerve injury leads to tongue deviation towards the weak side Timecodes 0:00 - Intro 0:10 - Hypoglossal nerve 0:16 - Tongue muscles 0:20 - Tongue direction 0:23 - Normal 0:46 - Left hypoglossal nerve injury 1:18 - Summary #EndNeurophobia
Spinal Cord Injury | Animation | Explained Conceptually
zhlĂ©dnutĂ 1,2KPĆed 3 lety
An animated analogy to explain how spinal cord injury can cause both an upper and lower motor neuron lesion Timecodes 0:00 - Intro 0:10 - Spinal levels 0:20 - Upper motor neurons 0:30 - Lower motor neurons 0:35 - Modulation of lower motor neurons 0:52 - Spinal cord lesion 1:00 - Features at the level of injury 1:23 - Features below the level of injury 1:46 - Summary #EndNeurophobia
It was great video and clears concepts. Thank you
why u dont share videos again?
What does it mean when you canât move your eyes woot left or right or up and down? I must move my head when Iâm driving to see out the side view rearview mirrors or when Iâm reading, I must move my head left to right or up and down when Iâm reading, cause my eyes donât move, my head what is that called?
Thank you so much. I've been pulling my hair to understand this syndrome. You saved me from getting bald :)
Iâm facing same issue please help đąđą
too much bass in the voice, could you please make it little more clear and better, videos are great indeed, thanks!
thank you!!!!!!!
You're welcome!
Perfectâ€â€â€â€â€
thank you for the kind words Uday :)
Thank you for the illustration and explanation. Iâm a pontine bleed stroke survivor since last month (26 y.o.) suffering from horizontal gaze palsy and double vision. But when the stroke happened, only my right eye got turned to the nose, and now my right is just a little bit towards the nose. I canât seem to find a scenario like mine anywhere. What being damaged couldve caused this? And can my eye sight be normal again because of neuroplasticity and my age? Please help..
Low voice
this was very helpful...thank you!
Glad it was helpful!
I can say only one thing... Superb, nothing else
Thank you for the kind words
Thank you, thank you and thank you, God bless you for teaching and sharing â€â€â€â€
Thank you again and take care!
I have subscribed, liked and shared â€â€â€â€â€â€
Very kind of you :)
Awesome, simply the best explanation, so far, really donât know how I found your channel but I did, thank you â€â€â€â€â€â€
Glad it was helpful!
Fantastic!
Glad you like it!
Thanks for such amazing concept. I have a question please.. Are all superficial reflexes' afferent pathways passing through Spino-thalamic tract ? Then why spinothalamic tract is Not a part of the reflex arc ???
Absolutely beautiful explanation. Thank you
this is one of the best explanations I've found about this topic! Thanks so much!
Glad it was helpful!
nice analogy
Thanks :)
Thank you so much! Best work i have ever seen. I have just one question. Does cortical pathway to PPRF goes through internal capsule? And if internal capsule hemoragy leads to horisontal gase deviation as well
Thanks for the analogy
Great video, but could be made even better if you include more pictures when describing each nuclei / tract. It's hard to visualise these real-time when there are so many structures involved.
Thank you for the feedback, will keep in mind for future videos!
Thank youuuuuuuuuuuuuu
Thank you for your appreciation :)
Great lecture!
Thank you for your appreciation :)
Great video- thank you! Is the rhomburg test not positive for cerebellar ataxia because it is only a test for proprioception and vestibular damage?
After nearly 5 years in medical school, i finally understand the concept behind this test. Thank you for the analogy, iâm sharing this with anyone who needs to learn about this.
Thank you for your kind words Sahana :)
How about walking ? With Cerebellar ataxia patient walk with wide base gait , but how about sensory and vestibular ataxia ? Do they walk normally when eyes are opened ?!
This depends on severity - if the sensory/vestibular ataxia is mild, may walk with a narrow gait. If severe, the gait may be wide even with eyes open
@@NeurologyAnalogy Thank you đđđ May god bless you
I wanna please ask you about LMN lesion : In case of lower motor neuron lesion patient develop hypotonia , when we examin his limbs they are so floppy and flaccid , but my question is : how is his standing posture in that case ? Can he stand up properly ? I mean how this LMN lesion hypotonia affect his posture ? Because in lower motor neuron lesion we focus more on limbs motor abnormalities , but also posture is affected . I hope you explain it to me and thanks in advance đ
Hi Algérie, great question. You're right if the LMN lesion is widespread and profound, the patient may not be able to stand up. The ability to maintain posture with an LMN lesion is dependent on the number of LMN involved, and the severity of the disease.
@@NeurologyAnalogy Thank you so much for your reply , so can we explain that postural instability by saying that LMN lesion has affected also para axial muscle ? Because generally in LMN lesions the damage include not only limbs but also trunk and para axial muscles .
This is correct; it's the whole package of axial/appendicular muscles that contribute to posture, and that are affected with an LMN lesion
Thank you đđ Could you please explain What is non organic weakness ?
Hi Chaimaa, thank you for your question. This is the same as functional neurological disorder (FND), where unconsciousness psychological issues create neurological signs and symptoms. There is a wealth of information online; a good website we use and direct patients with FND to is neurosymptoms.org. I hope this helps :)
@@NeurologyAnalogy Thank you so much doctor , please keep making vidéos on this channel , it's so helpful
can you please clarify this to me doctor : You said that patient with cerebellar hemispheres ataxia are unstable and sway , but why ?! We know that patient with cerebellar hemisphere ataxia have limb incoordination(like dysmetria) and not truncal incoordianation , so why they will be imbalanced ?! Is that because of dysmetria and adyadochokinesia of lower limb ?? I hope you clarify this for me please
thank you so much! the way you've explained is amazing, im not gonna forget this any sooner a big thanks from a med student
Thank you for your kind words Lekhana :)
This helped! Thank you!
Glad it helped!
This was awesome! â€ïžâđ„ New subscriber, looking forward to more of your perspective! Love this analogy basis for things :) will stick to mind!
Thanks Jasmine, really appreciate it :)
Thanks
Is abdomen reflex mandatory before doing beevor sign test ?
Great question. Abdominal reflex testing before Beevor's testing is not mandatory, especially as absent abdominal reflexes can be a normal finding in 20% of the population (more in elderly). Because of this Beevor's sign has better localising value than abdo reflex testing. If Beevor's sign is positive, it would be expected that the area around the weak rectus muscles would have reduced reflexes. Hope this helps.
@@NeurologyAnalogy Thank you sir !
Amazing explanation. Thank you
Together with Andrew Lee's videos perfect neuro-ophtha exam preparation! Thank you so much!
Yo this is amazing thank you
AMAZING! Thank you!!!
Why would the damage to the MLF affect the communication between the ipsilateral sixth and contralateral third cranial nerve nuclei? If the Left MLF gets damaged, communication breaks down between the Left third cranial nerve nuclei and the Right sixth cranial nerve nuclei. So, shouldn't it be ipsilateral third and contralateral sixth cranial nerve nuclei?
Mto bom
Muito Obrigado :)
quite comprehensive lecture ! maybe better if delivered slower on part that is emphasized ! Thanks !
Thanks for the feedback :)
this video is amazing! thank you so much for it and for your work! your videos are real treasures đ€
Que vĂdeo maravilhoso!! Por favor, continue postando vĂdeos relacionados Ă medula espinhal!! Obrigada. đ
Obrigada pelas suas palavras JĂ©ssica :)
Wow, what an in-depth explanation of Brown-Sequard Syndrome, absolutely mind-blown! This is so clinically relevant, thank you!
Hi Nishtha, happy you've found it useful!
Thank you so much for such a crisp illustration! This has helped me consolidate the concept well.
Good stuff!
Hi ! Just found your Channel today and i really find you vidéos very much helpfu so Thank you for not going up on your thought so start This Channel. I'd like To ses more vidéos about all kind of syndroms learned in neurology and one comparaison btween pyramidal and extrapyramodal syndroms please !
Sure thing, I have a whole list of topics I'm planning to animate into analogies (including what you've mentioned) that I am slowing working through :)