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Pathology mini tutorials
United Kingdom
Registrace 30. 12. 2013
Welcome to the fascinating world of pathology and my channel Pathology mini tutorials. I am Dr Geoffrey Hulman MD FRCPath.
These are short pathology tutorials illustrated with gross and microscopic images. Although originally created to supplement pathology teaching for Nottingham medical students, the videos are also useful for pathology trainees, nursing students or anyone who has an interest in what disease processes actually look like, what they do and what causes them.
Playlists, cards and end screens are used to organise and suggest other videos that may be of interest.
The cases used have been collected during my career from hospitals including Leicester, Nottingham, St George's and the Royal Marsden in London UK
These are short pathology tutorials illustrated with gross and microscopic images. Although originally created to supplement pathology teaching for Nottingham medical students, the videos are also useful for pathology trainees, nursing students or anyone who has an interest in what disease processes actually look like, what they do and what causes them.
Playlists, cards and end screens are used to organise and suggest other videos that may be of interest.
The cases used have been collected during my career from hospitals including Leicester, Nottingham, St George's and the Royal Marsden in London UK
What is Cellulitis? - Pathology mini tutorials
Cellulitis is usually caused by bacterial infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. The main culprits are Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes.
0:00 Intro
0:10 Gross appearance of cellulitis of lower leg
0:22 Definition of cellulitis
0:50 Causes of cellulitis
1:16 Risk factors for cellulitis
1:48 Bacteria causing cellulitis and how they spread through the tissues by producing hyaluronidase
2:19 Complications of cellulitis
2:34 The microscopic appearance of cellulitis
3:00 Mark area of cellulitis to check antibiotics are working
#pathologylecture #cellulitis #infection
0:00 Intro
0:10 Gross appearance of cellulitis of lower leg
0:22 Definition of cellulitis
0:50 Causes of cellulitis
1:16 Risk factors for cellulitis
1:48 Bacteria causing cellulitis and how they spread through the tissues by producing hyaluronidase
2:19 Complications of cellulitis
2:34 The microscopic appearance of cellulitis
3:00 Mark area of cellulitis to check antibiotics are working
#pathologylecture #cellulitis #infection
zhlédnutí: 105
Video
What is Atrophy? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 176Před měsícem
Atrophy is caused by cell shrinkage resulting in reduction in size of a tissue, organ or part of the body. Atrophy may be part of the normal development process or it may be as a result of disease or injury. 0:00 Intro 0:10 Definition of atrophy 0:25 Physiological and pathological atrophy 1:03 Physiological atrophy as a result of embryonal development and old age 1:38 Causes of pathological atr...
What is Psoriasis? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 230Před 2 měsíci
Psoriasis is a relapsing benign skin condition or dermatosis with peak ages between 20 and 30 and 50 and 60 years characterised by well circumscribed red scaly plaques with silvery scales particularly on extensor surfaces (knees and elbows) 0:00 Intro 0:10 Age and sites of psoriasis 0:25 Psoriasis plaques over knees - gross image 0:44 Pitted nail caused by psoriasis - gross image 1:08 Cause of ...
What is Koebner Phenomenon? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 473Před 2 měsíci
Koebner phenomenon is when dematological conditions such as psoriasis arise at the site of injury in an area of previously uninvolved skin. Other conditions associated with Koebner phenomenon include lichen planus and vitiligo. Koebner Phenomenon is also known as isomorphic phenomenon or isomorphic reaction. 0:00 intro 0:10 Definition of Koebner phenomenon also known as isomorphic phenomenon or...
Lichen Nitidus - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 340Před 2 měsíci
Lichen nitidus is an inflammatory skin condition that tends to occur in children and young adults 0:00 Intro 0:10 Low power histology of lichen nitidus 0:18 Clinical features and gross features of lichen nitidus 0:59 Histological features of lichen nitidus 1:40 Histological microscopic images of lichen nitidus 2:02 High power microscopic image of inflammatory infiltrate in lichen nitidus 2:19 B...
Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 181Před 3 měsíci
Neurofibromatosis type 2 is an autosomal dominant condition associated with bilateral acoustic neuromas. 0:00 intro 0:10 Gross image of acoustic neuroma 0:19 Frequency of neurofibromatosis type 2 and inheritance 1:11 Merlin protein 1:31 Clinical presentation of neurofibromatosis type 2 2:00 Tumours seen in neurofibromatosis type 2 2:48 Acoustic neuroma 3:03 Schwannoma histology
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 200Před 3 měsíci
Neurofibromatosis type 1 affect around 1 in 3,000 of the population. It is associated with multiple neurofibromas. 0:00 Intro 0:10 Autosomal dominant inheritance and types of neurofibromatosis 0:41 Inheritance and frequency of NF1 1:18 Signs associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 2:24 Photograph of cafe au laait spots 2:32 Gross oimage of neurofibroma 2:44 Images of Lisch nodules: Thank you t...
What is a Neurofibroma? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 277Před 3 měsíci
Neurofibromas are benign tumours of peripheral nerves. The may arise de novo or in neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) and also in smaller numbers in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) 0:00 Intro ductary facts about neurofibromas 1:05 Sites and tyupes of neurofibroma 1:35 Gross image of plexiform neurofibroma 1:46 Histological features of neurofibromas 2:09 Histological images of neurofibromas low and hi...
What is a Stercoral Ulcer? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 161Před 4 měsíci
Stercoral ulcers tend to affect the elderly and are caused by impacted hard feces as a result of chronic constipation. A serious complication is perforation. 0:00 Intro 0:10 Gross image of a stercoral ulcers 0:20 What causes a sterocral ulcer and who is at risk? 0:35 Site and complication of sterocral ulcer 1:09 Presentation of stercoral ulcers 1:25 Gross image of stercoral ulcer 1:42 Stercoral...
Epithelioid Sarcoma - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 220Před 4 měsíci
What is an epithelioid sarcoma? It is a rare malignant tumour occurring in adolescents and young adults. The most frequent sites are the hands and fingers. 0:00 Intro 0:10 Low power histology image of epithelioid sarcoma 0:28 Frequency and age of epithelioid sarcoma 1:27 Distal (classic) and proximal epithelioid sarcomas 2:10 Risk factors for epithelioid sarcoma 2:30 Conditions and syndromes as...
What is a Hepatoblastoma? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 543Před 4 měsíci
Hepatoblastomas are the most common malignant liver tumours arising in children. This is a brief overview of hepatoblastoma including risk factors, presentation, diagnosis, gross and histological features. 0:00 Intro 0:10 What is a hepatoblstoma, age at which hepatoblastomas arise and frequency of hepatoblastomas 0:43 Risk factors for hepatoblastoma including FAP, trisomy 18, Down and low birth...
What is Hydronephrosis? Causes, Presentation, Complications and Treatment - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 1,1KPřed 5 měsíci
What is Hydronephrosis? Causes, Presentation, Complications and Treatment - Pathology mini tutorials
What are Oncocytes? What is Oncocytic? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 531Před 5 měsíci
What are Oncocytes? What is Oncocytic? - Pathology mini tutorials
What are Mitotic Figures (Mitoses)? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 844Před 6 měsíci
What are Mitotic Figures (Mitoses)? - Pathology mini tutorials
Slightly Cryptic Pathology Quiz Answers 1-5: - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 193Před 7 měsíci
Slightly Cryptic Pathology Quiz Answers 1-5: - Pathology mini tutorials
Slightly Cryptic Pathology Quiz: Cases 1-5 - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 148Před 7 měsíci
Slightly Cryptic Pathology Quiz: Cases 1-5 - Pathology mini tutorials
Osteomalacia and Rickets - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 1KPřed 8 měsíci
Osteomalacia and Rickets - Pathology mini tutorials
What is Osteoporosis? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 336Před 8 měsíci
What is Osteoporosis? - Pathology mini tutorials
Toxoplasmosis - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 478Před 9 měsíci
Toxoplasmosis - Pathology mini tutorials
Aspergillus and Aspergillosis - Pathology mini tutorial
zhlédnutí 990Před 10 měsíci
Aspergillus and Aspergillosis - Pathology mini tutorial
Ameloblastoma - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 788Před 11 měsíci
Ameloblastoma - Pathology mini tutorials
What is Candida? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 439Před 11 měsíci
What is Candida? - Pathology mini tutorials
Acquired Digital Fibrokeratoma - Pathology mini tutorial
zhlédnutí 260Před 11 měsíci
Acquired Digital Fibrokeratoma - Pathology mini tutorial
What is a Horseshoe Kidney? - Pathology mini tutorial
zhlédnutí 461Před rokem
What is a Horseshoe Kidney? - Pathology mini tutorial
Pneumatosis Coli - Pathology mini tutorial
zhlédnutí 354Před rokem
Pneumatosis Coli - Pathology mini tutorial
Collagenous Colitis - Pathology mini tutorial
zhlédnutí 1,3KPřed rokem
Collagenous Colitis - Pathology mini tutorial
What is Myeloid Sarcoma? - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 1,1KPřed rokem
What is Myeloid Sarcoma? - Pathology mini tutorials
Reactive Perforating Collagenosis - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 722Před rokem
Reactive Perforating Collagenosis - Pathology mini tutorials
Myositis Ossificans - Pathology mini tutorials
zhlédnutí 520Před rokem
Myositis Ossificans - Pathology mini tutorials
Music ka selection thoda CAZUAL hai😂
Simple and straight to the point. Thank you!
Isn't it "Non Suppurative Inflammation" ?
I did a few treatments of it and I have interstitial cystitis a disease of the bladder which feels like you have a uti all the time compared to bladder cancer. I stopped doing them after the last one he increased the dosage I asked him not too but he did. That night changed everything for me. I was desperate for pain relief since no drs will give pain medication to you even if you were on fire. I got worse! And now it’s like I’m back to the worst pain I’ve ever had. I had pain before the ketamine infusions but they got worse and worse. He said to hang in there I just canceled my appointments. One appointment was 500.00. And it was cash only. So my bladder is worse and I’m suffering all over again! I know that he gave me versed that actually helped more than the ketamine. Ketamine will TEAR YOUR BLADDER UP! The pills are worse for you.
Point out and label plz in microscopic view
hasnt magically resolved after 11 years
Thank you. Concise, easy to understand.
Thank you very much
Sounds like prof snape
I had a nephrectomy due to a oncocytoma that was causing mid upper back pain, and constant severe fatigue. It took years for numerous various doctors to correctly diagnose it and consequently resulting in a complete removal of my left kidney due to the tumour position and size. After the initial CT scan they suspected RCC. After the biopsy of the removed kidney it was a relief that it was a benign oncocytoma. My health took an immediate turn for the better.
❤❤❤❤many thankss
This video is mainly for medical students or who are studying in the field of medicine. So for those who want simpler explanations I suggest you guys visit different platforms. :)
Microscopes are amazing. It's a whole other world. I'd be very interested in seeing cellulitis, if possible. I've had it several times in my lower legs. It'd be good to put a 'face' to what had been happening to me. Thank you for your videos. They are very interesting.
I'd never heard of these before. Thanks for the info.
I looked this up because this is something that was on my Mom's death certificate. Thank you for posting.
I am sorry about your loss but happy the video was useful for you
Is bronchiectasis unilateral or bilateral?
czcams.com/video/rZ-8nyUWA9E/video.html
@@Pathologyminitutorials is it both or one lung
@@Jess-wk5jo Depends on the underlying cause
@@Pathologyminitutorialsi was tell it both lungs .
You are a SAINT, sir! Thank you!!!
What is the best way to keep inflammation down without resorting to the use of corticosteroids? I avoid white flour products, sugar, and other foods that contribute to inflammation. I also take beet root extract, turmeric, and other supplements, but I’ve likely had Temporal Arteritis for about ten years, and it’s getting scary. The pain is more frequent and intense, and my vision gets blurred. I suffered from Lyme diseases that are most often in remission now, and they caused a lot of damage. I just had discs replaced in my cervical spine with fusions, and my surgeon said that what I’d previously been told was Trigeminal Neuralgia is more likely to be Temporal Arteritis.
Paglet
Nice videos
Not clear
No you can treaty it’s are you still oke?
I am very new to the term "pleomorphic" or "pleomorphism," but I can already see huge, and, indeed, fundamental problems with the explanation of the phenomenon here. This explanation describes a cell fixed in a post-event state, condition, or pathology. The term "morph" or "morphic" means subject or possesses an intrinsic ability to change. For example, morphing, changing, or adapting to meet the demands of presenting conditions.
Thank you for taking the time to comment. The video is intended as a simple explanation of the term pleomorphic as used in pathology.
@@Pathologyminitutorials So it is simply a snapshot of the final (moribund state) of the pleomorphic process? Is that not, by definition, just a cell, albeit a dead cell?
@@Pathologyminitutorials Also, how does one show the pleomorphic process in still images? I fail to see the usefulness of still images, outside of the context of, for example, determining cause of death. I have seen similar images to those shown here, but not in the context of "pleomorphism".
thanks for the great video
I presented dozens of times at the uro for this but was dismissed. My insatiability and other problems chalked up to youth. The pain to over use or bruising from activity. They never did a semenalysis. They would probably have seen the coloration issues... I was tested and even treated for stds a dozen times without any reason--I was highly monogamous. I sometimes think this may have been related to the cyst lymph nodes they took out of my lower back and legs and buttocks around 17-21. They said those looked cancerous visually like a germ cell cancer but were benign on testing. I wish I kept the records. Around 22 I had a bout of pain which encouraged my gf to look at my semen which she insisted should be white. Not sort of beige. I figured it was close. I had been to the uro and tested for stds many times. Examined they said tc was not possible becuase it presented faster. So she accused me of cheating. I remember at that time also looking at my muscular torso and thinking I had a bit of gyno going... I was like 10% body fat... she said I was being "manorexic". That tumor really fucked up my life and the next 15 years. Then when they removed it they didn't spare the organ as requested. Because of the size difference in the testicles, I don't produce enough t. The remainer is quite small almost 1/3 the size of the one they took. I feel like a different person. They discouraged me from testing my t and said it takes time to recover. To be fair I regained some function after gaining 50 pounds and growing straight up tits. But I feel like they covered up a fuck up with the sparing surgery. And intentionally delayed me finding out about it. The statute of limitation is gone... boys if you don't feel better within 6-9 months consider your options and consider filing if they botched the surgery and told you that they made the conservative choice...
If you have had these tumors since adolescence and your parents ignored you... or punished you for related dripping so you concealed it... you are so used to pain you will describe it as sensitivity or discomfort. It took a male urologist not the several female ones I had to tell me "no man you're not supposed to jump like that when I gently press there." I thought it was in my head or sort of autism thing not liking sensation there. Now that I have the tumor out and I can feel the other one naturally, I get it. It should never have felt that way. I was being blue balled par excellence my whole life...
After the tumor was removed I saw the white color my gf was expecting and the consistency... totally different thing... I don't blame her for protecting herself... I wish I could go back and had more money and energy to solve that problem... it totally changed my life... I was gorgeous in great shape with the girl of my dreams and I'm a fat old guy with big tits now lol.
What is the survival rate
Thanks alot
Very helpful video
Thank you!
horrible music!
❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
This is helpful. Thanks.
ESTOU AQUI ESTUDANDO KKK
You're literally just reading the slides
❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤
*Summary (English, German, Chinese)* *Abstract* Sperm granuloma is a benign lesion caused by the body's reaction to sperm leakage. This typically occurs after procedures like vasectomy but can also be caused by trauma or infection. The granulomas appear as firm nodules, usually in the epididymis, and are composed of immune cells and sperm surrounded by fibrous tissue. Over time, the sperm degenerate and leave behind a characteristic golden-brown pigment. *Summary* *Cause and Demographics* * 0:20 - Sperm granulomas arise from the body's reaction to sperm that have leaked outside of their normal pathways, triggering an inflammatory response. * 0:26 - They are most commonly observed in individuals in their 30s but can occur across a wide age range, from around 18 to the early 70s. * 0:38 - Around 40% of cases are preceded by vasectomy, trauma, or epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis). * 0:49 - Approximately 1-5% of men who undergo a vasectomy develop a sperm granuloma. *Presentation* * 1:01 - Sperm granulomas present as painful, firm or hard swellings. * 1:04 - They typically affect the head of the epididymis, spermatic cord, or, less commonly, the testes. * 1:12 - In cases following vasectomy, around 90% of sperm granulomas are found in the spermatic cord. *Appearance* * 1:19 - Sperm granulomas appear as white or yellow nodules, usually up to 3 cm in size. *Microscopic Features* * 1:32 - Under a microscope, sperm granulomas show an inflammatory infiltrate composed of various immune cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes, and giant cells. * 1:41 - There is often some tissue death (necrosis) and evidence of leaked sperm, especially in early-stage granulomas. * 1:47 - Over time, the area becomes more fibrous, and the sperm are gradually replaced by a yellow-brown pigment (hemosiderin) derived from the breakdown of red blood cells. User: translate to german Model: *Zusammenfassung* Das Spermien-Granulom ist eine gutartige Veränderung, die durch die Reaktion des Körpers auf austretende Spermien verursacht wird. Dies geschieht typischerweise nach Eingriffen wie einer Vasektomie, kann aber auch durch ein Trauma oder eine Infektion verursacht werden. Die Granulome erscheinen als feste Knötchen, meist im Nebenhoden, und bestehen aus Immunzellen und Spermien, die von fibrösem Gewebe umgeben sind. Mit der Zeit zerfallen die Spermien und hinterlassen ein charakteristisches goldbraunes Pigment. *Zusammenfassung* *Ursache und Demographie* * 0:20 - Spermien-Granulome entstehen durch die Reaktion des Körpers auf Spermien, die außerhalb ihrer normalen Bahnen ausgetreten sind, was eine Entzündungsreaktion auslöst. * 0:26 - Sie werden am häufigsten bei Personen in den Dreißigern beobachtet, können aber in einem breiten Altersspektrum von etwa 18 bis Anfang 70 auftreten. * 0:38 - Etwa 40 % der Fälle gehen auf eine Vasektomie, ein Trauma oder eine Epididymitis (Entzündung des Nebenhodens) zurück. * 0:49 - Bei etwa 1-5 % der Männer, die sich einer Vasektomie unterziehen, entwickelt sich ein Spermien-Granulom. *Präsentation* * 1:01 - Spermien-Granulome präsentieren sich als schmerzhafte, feste oder harte Schwellungen. * 1:04 - Sie betreffen typischerweise den Kopf des Nebenhodens, den Samenstrang oder seltener die Hoden. * 1:12 - In Fällen nach einer Vasektomie befinden sich etwa 90 % der Spermien-Granulome im Samenstrang. *Aussehen* * 1:19 - Spermien-Granulome erscheinen als weiße oder gelbe Knötchen, meist bis zu 3 cm groß. *Mikroskopische Merkmale* * 1:32 - Unter dem Mikroskop zeigen Spermien-Granulome ein entzündliches Infiltrat, das aus verschiedenen Immunzellen besteht, darunter Neutrophile, Lymphozyten, Histiozyten und Riesenzellen. * 1:41 - Häufig kommt es zu etwas Gewebetod (Nekrose) und es gibt Hinweise auf ausgetretene Spermien, insbesondere bei Granulomen im Frühstadium. * 1:47 - Mit der Zeit wird der Bereich faseriger und die Spermien werden allmählich durch ein gelbbraunes Pigment (Hämosiderin) ersetzt, das aus dem Abbau roter Blutkörperchen stammt. User: translate to chinese Model: *摘要* 精子肉芽肿是一种良性病变,由身体对精子泄漏的反应引起。这种情况通常发生在输精管切除术等手术后,但也可能由外伤或感染引起。肉芽肿表现为坚硬的结节,通常位于附睾中,由免疫细胞和精子组成,周围环绕着纤维组织。随着时间的推移,精子会退化并留下特征性的金棕色色素。 *总结* *病因和人口统计* * 0:20 - 精子肉芽肿是由身体对逸出正常通道的精子的反应引起的,从而引发炎症反应。 * 0:26 - 它们最常见于 30 多岁的人群,但可以在很宽的年龄范围内发生,从大约 18 岁到 70 岁出头。 * 0:38 - 大约 40% 的病例发生在输精管切除术、外伤或附睾炎(附睾炎症)之后。 * 0:49 - 大约 1-5% 接受输精管切除术的男性会发展为精子肉芽肿。 *表现* * 1:01 - 精子肉芽肿表现为疼痛、坚硬或质硬的肿胀。 * 1:04 - 它们通常影响附睾头部、精索或不太常见的睾丸。 * 1:12 - 在输精管切除术后的病例中,大约 90% 的精子肉芽肿位于精索中。 *外观* * 1:19 - 精子肉芽肿表现为白色或黄色的结节,通常最大尺寸为 3 厘米。 *显微镜特征* * 1:32 - 在显微镜下,精子肉芽肿显示出由各种免疫细胞组成的炎症浸润,包括中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、组织细胞和巨细胞。 * 1:41 - 通常会有一些组织死亡(坏死)和精子泄漏的迹象,尤其是在早期肉芽肿中。 * 1:47 - 随着时间的推移,该区域变得更加纤维化,精子逐渐被一种黄棕色色素(含铁血黄素)取代,这种色素来自红细胞的分解。 i used gemini 1.5 pro to summarize the transcript Token count 2,344 / 1,048,576
Thank you, I have these modules in multiple locations. They are tender to the touch and near the base of my back, where they can cause severe pain for a few weeks on occasion; which makes mobility much more challenging. Unfortunately my rheumatologist only seems to have consideration for joints and has been unable to explain about these nodules, classing their effect as pain syndrome?
Thank u Doctor
interesting intro tune if y'all know what i mean
Nonostante la cura,ha ancora dolori
Mio marito purtroppo ha questa malattia 😢
So sorry to hear that
So i got my BXO almost treated by a specialist only few marks left. Anyone can cantact me i will share medicines. Then you can discuss these medicines with your doctor😊
Hey, i been suffering from having bxo for a year now but it’s mild bxo so i would take a month or even a year to cure it. My doctor said this condition is really depend so if possible i would like to know how u treat
Thank u
I’m assured my pulmonary granulomas are not cancerous but they lit up under a PET scan. Does this mean I am infectious? What else can cause this?
🧡🧡🧡🧡🧡🧡 love from ethiopia
Thank you for your tutorial on this nasty tapeworm. I am fascinated by its complexity and would like to know more!
Early detection prognosis good
I am 54 and mine is very painful specially waking me up at night. Biopsy showed fibro sclerotic bone. The last 9 months since the pain began its been hard! Hospitalized 1 week and told is Fibrous Dysplasia unicameral on my left femur.
Left side of hilum?
Excellent educational presentation, thank you! Great images of this comparatively rare entity.
Many thanks!
I youtubed it