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The Aesthetic City
Registrace 3. 09. 2021
The Aesthetic City is a channel about improving urbanism and urban design, examples of classical architecture and traditional architecture, cycling infrastructure, city trips and general city aesthetics. It is also the home for episodes of The Aesthetic City podcast.
Urban planning for cars and modernist architecture are the scourge of our cities. Polls show that most people prefer traditional buildings and even classical designs above modernist ones. Other research shows that pedestrian- and cyclist friendly cities lead to more happiness. Maybe it is time to change the way we design our cities and buildings - maybe it is time for the Aesthetic City.
If you want to learn more about more beautiful and aesthetic cities, sustainable construction methods, traditional architecture, this channel will be your home!
Do you want to support this mission? Consider becoming a Patron! www.patreon.com/the_aesthetic_city
Urban planning for cars and modernist architecture are the scourge of our cities. Polls show that most people prefer traditional buildings and even classical designs above modernist ones. Other research shows that pedestrian- and cyclist friendly cities lead to more happiness. Maybe it is time to change the way we design our cities and buildings - maybe it is time for the Aesthetic City.
If you want to learn more about more beautiful and aesthetic cities, sustainable construction methods, traditional architecture, this channel will be your home!
Do you want to support this mission? Consider becoming a Patron! www.patreon.com/the_aesthetic_city
Architecture Schools are FAILING - But A RENAISSANCE Is Coming
Head to squarespace.com/theaestheticcity to save 10% off your first purchase of a website or domain using code THEAESTHETICCITY
-
STUDENTS: Join our Discord community!
👉 discord.com/invite/wQ7zPKUTC2
INFORMATION LINK:
👉 theaestheticcity.com/resources/youtube/architecture-education/
--
In this video we dive into architectural education.
What architects learn in school largely influences what they will do later in the field. And as we all know, we face a crisis in our cities with buildings that are increasingly ugly, inhumane and alienating. The disconnect between what architects design and what our populations want, and our society needs, is an urgent issue.
In this video we look at how architectural education used to be, how it is now, what the problems are, but also look at hopeful developments that are taking place all over the world. Because a true renaissance is coming in architecture education, as multiple schools start teaching the lost arts of building again.
We hear stories of multiple students and visit universities in the US to see how we could move architecture towards a better future. Not only that
and as always we’d love to hear your opinions in the comments!
---
✨ Subscribe to our substack: substack.com/@theaestheticcity?
🎙️ Listen to our podcast: open.spotify.com/show/4cU3tcGKXiziKGuvfd3KIa?si=32da1b2ed8f44d79
💪🏽 Support this channel by becoming a patron: www.patreon.com/the_aesthetic_city
𝕏 Follow us on X:x.com/_Aesthetic_City
🗣️ Join the community on Discord: discord.com/invite/wQ7zPKUTC2
💻 Visit our website: theaestheticcity.com
---
🙏 Special thanks to:
Technical University of Vienna:
Naemi
Fidelis
Notre Dame University:
Stefanos Polyzoides
Richard Economakis
Julien Steil
Marianne Cusato
Samantha Salden
NTNU:
Branko Mitroviç
Jeppe Holter
Benedictine College:
John Haigh
Mary Leigh
Jon Patrick
Claire
Gabriel
Sabrina Rugg
All the students!
CUA
Lorenzo de Almeida
Mark Ferguson
Jason Montgomery
Timothy Smith
Jonathan Taylor
UVU
Paul Monson
Others
Eric Norin
Mieke Bosse
==========
Disclosure: Some of the links below are affiliate links, which means I may earn a commission if you click on them and make a purchase. This comes at no additional cost to you and helps support the channel.
🎥 Video equipment I used:
Sony A7siii - amzn.to/407B2Ru
Sony - FE 24-105mm F4 G OSS amzn.to/3GLYWLw
Sony Sigma 24-70mm F2.8 amzn.to/3zX1D9h
Ronin RS 3 - amzn.to/40hJde8
Apple Macbook Pro M1 Max amzn.to/3L1iHRE
Røde Wireless Go II amzn.to/3IIvGpR
©️ Copyright info:
Kennedy Library - Student Pier Project - CC BY-NC 2.0
Ernesto Bueno - Creative Commons Atribuição 3.0 Brasil
Gunnar Klack - Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
TWINKA - Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
C-Monster Student projects at SCI-Arc - CC BY-NC 2.0
Cdpweb161 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
ArnoldReinhold - Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
Federico Negro - CC BY-NC 2.0
James Diewald - CC BY-NC 2.0
-
STUDENTS: Join our Discord community!
👉 discord.com/invite/wQ7zPKUTC2
INFORMATION LINK:
👉 theaestheticcity.com/resources/youtube/architecture-education/
--
In this video we dive into architectural education.
What architects learn in school largely influences what they will do later in the field. And as we all know, we face a crisis in our cities with buildings that are increasingly ugly, inhumane and alienating. The disconnect between what architects design and what our populations want, and our society needs, is an urgent issue.
In this video we look at how architectural education used to be, how it is now, what the problems are, but also look at hopeful developments that are taking place all over the world. Because a true renaissance is coming in architecture education, as multiple schools start teaching the lost arts of building again.
We hear stories of multiple students and visit universities in the US to see how we could move architecture towards a better future. Not only that
and as always we’d love to hear your opinions in the comments!
---
✨ Subscribe to our substack: substack.com/@theaestheticcity?
🎙️ Listen to our podcast: open.spotify.com/show/4cU3tcGKXiziKGuvfd3KIa?si=32da1b2ed8f44d79
💪🏽 Support this channel by becoming a patron: www.patreon.com/the_aesthetic_city
𝕏 Follow us on X:x.com/_Aesthetic_City
🗣️ Join the community on Discord: discord.com/invite/wQ7zPKUTC2
💻 Visit our website: theaestheticcity.com
---
🙏 Special thanks to:
Technical University of Vienna:
Naemi
Fidelis
Notre Dame University:
Stefanos Polyzoides
Richard Economakis
Julien Steil
Marianne Cusato
Samantha Salden
NTNU:
Branko Mitroviç
Jeppe Holter
Benedictine College:
John Haigh
Mary Leigh
Jon Patrick
Claire
Gabriel
Sabrina Rugg
All the students!
CUA
Lorenzo de Almeida
Mark Ferguson
Jason Montgomery
Timothy Smith
Jonathan Taylor
UVU
Paul Monson
Others
Eric Norin
Mieke Bosse
==========
Disclosure: Some of the links below are affiliate links, which means I may earn a commission if you click on them and make a purchase. This comes at no additional cost to you and helps support the channel.
🎥 Video equipment I used:
Sony A7siii - amzn.to/407B2Ru
Sony - FE 24-105mm F4 G OSS amzn.to/3GLYWLw
Sony Sigma 24-70mm F2.8 amzn.to/3zX1D9h
Ronin RS 3 - amzn.to/40hJde8
Apple Macbook Pro M1 Max amzn.to/3L1iHRE
Røde Wireless Go II amzn.to/3IIvGpR
©️ Copyright info:
Kennedy Library - Student Pier Project - CC BY-NC 2.0
Ernesto Bueno - Creative Commons Atribuição 3.0 Brasil
Gunnar Klack - Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
TWINKA - Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)
C-Monster Student projects at SCI-Arc - CC BY-NC 2.0
Cdpweb161 Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
ArnoldReinhold - Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
Federico Negro - CC BY-NC 2.0
James Diewald - CC BY-NC 2.0
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Of course it's brainwashing, like everything from the left
11:00 "75% of people prefer classic architechture". The other 25% only SAID they like modern architecture because they thought that's what the pollster wanted to hear.
People pay to go on holidays to beautiful cities and to cozy restaurants. But they chose to live in white boxes.
There’s a philosophical way of thinking behind all this too
I HATE MODERN ARCHITECTURE SO MUCH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I don’t believe we need old building back, it’s about an evolution not a devolution, we’ve simply expanded on our art 😢
All this issue needs to be analysed through the crystal of economics. It is all I have to say as an architect 40 years into the practice.
As a practicing architect, architecture is greatly influenced by modern-day needs, contemporary issues and client demands. Aspects like environmental design and energy conservation are given preeminence, as they form much of today's client needs. The truth is, few clients today - especially in the commercial sector - would want reconnaissance or traditional architectural outlooks. An architect stuck in the past will quickly become moribund and archaic. The world is increasingly becoming modern and automated, and these aspects must be incorporated in today's architecture.
Es ist nur ein sehr kleiner Teil in den letzten Jahren in der Dresdner Altstadt wiederaufgebaut worden. Rekonstruktionen sind nach wie vor eine Seltenheit. Die Stadtverwaltung bekämpft regelrecht Rekonstruktionsvorhaben. Nur Dank des Bürgervereins Gesellschaft Historischer Neumarkt e. V. und des Engagements von Dresdner Bürgern und tapferen Investoren ist dieser kleine Teil wiederentstanden. Der Großteil der historischen Dresdner Altstadt und Neustadt sind nach wie vor seit 1945 verloren. Statt dessen entstehen zu Hauf "moderne" belanglose, langweilige Allerweltsneubauten.
I remember being extremely disappointed after asking my architecture professors about what makes beauty in a building and how I can learn that
Om
modern minimalist buildings have their place. airports for example. but they don't always make nice neighborhoods to live in.
Not totally surprising that Catholic universities are leading the way in resurrecting traditional architecture given the church's oversized contribution to it. Also, architecture isn't the only art/technology losing traditional skills. My husband taught university art courses for many years. Art students today aren't taught to draw, paint and sculpt from the figure or use traditional techniques and materials. It's more about expressing yourself, design and skill be damned. I'm a fan of modernist architecture and art myself, but old ways should not be lost.
Brilliant. ❤
I LOVE THIS VIDEO SO MUCH!!!!
“Have a 1000 year time horizon”; so true, this came to me intuitively to see the tracery that is modern Indian cities and I got so upset!
Okay, I have to disagree with the masses here. Not to praise modernism as the best thing ever, but it emerged for a reason and that should not be ignored. Firstly, looking at all the curriculums praised in this video, I don't see anything more than applied arts, especially the Notre Dame school. The point of architecture is not to just sketch with no direction. If anything, that is conforming to a narrow way of thinking. While yes it's nice to draw pretty little handles and reimagine classic elements such as columns with entasis, architraves, lunettes you name it, but part of why they are loved so much is because they were made in the past; that is what gives them a part of their charm as well as their prominence in craft. But let's be real, they might be pretty on the outside, sometimes well thought through on the inside, but mostly they simply aren't, well, that functional. Nice to look at? Yeah, but in this economy with housing problems, they just aren't the priority - the people are. In their curriculum there are no studies about bearing structures, blueprint geometry, materials etc. In fact all the praised schools were praised for teaching mostly classical architecture and drawing, which is fine if your points were made around the lack of knowledge about the past, but they weren't. The focus was on the use of material, durability, aesthetics and intelligent planning. That is exactly what is taught in prominent architecture schools. The aesthetics are important, good design is important, thinking about the future is important. It's not like schools don't teach the history of architecture and analysis of the great buildings from the past, the knowledge is still built on those foundations so students can go above and beyond. I don't know about which universities you're talking, but no serious school will give you an F for doing something traditional or old, it will give you an F because of poor planning, a bad concept, composition or bad use of space, not because it is forbidden to make something that isn't modern. Architecture is where art, engineering and people meet. Even before, in ancient Greece and Rome, it was more than what it was made out to be in this video. You don't have to like modernism or any movement for that matter, on the contrary I don't like most of them, but the context is what matters most. I agree that today we lack urban planning, we don't think long term and yes the sustainability schtick can be questionable, but these points do not give classic architecture the upper hand. All in all, I feel the points contradicted each other and didn't really even give credit to why classic old architecture is important to study and derive knowledge from. If you wanted to draw old cities with little people, you could've done that in your own time?
This really helped me with explaining to myself why, even if people are nice and chill, some places just heightens my anxiety and some places keep me calm.
I would wish to citys and States realizing that traditional architecture is better in many ways for society.
Do you have tips on resources on South East Asian architectures? Or (as with any other things) are the resources mainly lost due to environment? 🥲 most I can search are only up to Colonial-style era
DELLA VIENNA DI SISSI SIAMO PROPRIO STUFI.
This video just reminded me of the mission carried out by the Institute of Classical Architecture & Art. Thank you!
Erasing the past is a communist saying. It's hugely oversimplified in this video that the situation is a struggle between the modern and the traditional. Disregarding the whole postmodern & regionalist architecture of the end of last century, and the uprise of postmodern in these days is a big mistake.
Thanks for your thoughtful response. I think you are misunderstanding though - the traditional doesn’t necessarily need to be the opposite of the modern, just a useful underpinning and foundation of knowledge to build upon. Learn from the best, get good, then use that knowledge to create a better modern architecture. But we shouldn’t discourage architects from using regional/ indigenous or even classical form language either. Freedom of art means embracing all there is and then the people, market and society in general choose what works best. Also, I believe we are moving beyond the postmodern, although this is a very tricky philosophical debate
Jeder Städtebewohner weiß, dass die Architektur, im Gegensatz zur Poesie, eine terroristische Kunst ist. (Hans-Magnus Enzensberger.) The content of this video really resonates with me. It would be wonderful if architects reconsider their concepts and build cities that most people like to live in. There are reasons that people prefer cities with undamaged historic layouts and buildings. The era of global architectural uniformity in design and often inhumane pompous ugliness of rapidly decaying concrete buildings should soon end.
Absolutely! Thanks for your comment and I’m happy it resonates with you
He is HIS MAJESTY; no longer his royal highness ever since his mother passed away.
Noted, I figured out too late. Thanks for replying 🙏🏼
Well I love modernist architecture
That’s perfectly fine. Just saying there should be freedom for all kinds of architecture at universities. Also, I believe a new modern can emerge from using traditional principles applied in new ways. Why not use classical proportions in modern buildings?
As a Martial arts instructor turned designer this conversation is interesting to me. It’s the same debate in the martial arts… traditional versus modern. Traditionalists ascribe great value and even deify the ways of old as inherently better as though crafted by a breed of humanity that was perfect… I often like to point out that those traditions were modern at the time ;)… then there are the modernists who throw out the seemingly useless antiquated techniques and etiquette and focus purely on what works in a sport competition environment and what biomechanics and sports science says about how you should train. The modernists often don’t realize that there is great wisdom in allot of the practices of the old ways in teaching you how to move well for years and how to have longevity in your training. Were the modernists have a point that most of those techniques are ancient warfare skills that have not been passed down well and no longer have a use for people defending themselves today with guns, police, and no spears and swords. In the end I think we need to realize that there is value in both but we cannot freeze time… what was called modern 10 years ago is no longer actually modern. We should have a foundation in the past that allows us to create a new modern that suits the needs and aesthetics of our current time. Personally I prefer modern designs and open concept residential plans. I agree that the typical multi family and commercial modern design tends to be either cheap and tacky or overly showing off uniqueness that does not always look good. But I do not see a good way to fix it other than 1) forcing everyone to build by strict government aesthetics 2) the end of private ownership and returning all land and buildings to communal control. But in all of those cases there will be a resistance and counter movement where after 50 years of nothing changing the next generation will look to the todays modernist movement as refreshing and people will start calling all the modernist stuff you hate as traditional
I agree with your sentiment - we need to learn from the past and then use those lessons to create buildings, really solutions, that are modern and fit contemporary means in a better way rather than just saying that all history and tradition doesn’t matter anymore. Also, thank you for putting so much thought and valuable time into your comment, I really appreciate it appreciate reading such comments.
Your channel is a breath of fresh air
Thank you! Doing my best. Hope the video spreads further
Thank you for the video! I really pray we'll see this renaissance to keep momentum! Great idea with the Discord channel!
Thank you! Hope to welcome you in the Discord 🙏🏼
Older architect thinks about Fibonacci sequences, symbolism and what people will think of it in 100 years. Modern architect thinks box equal good and what s up for dinner
Yes - I understand market conditions but there is a way to build better looking buildings affordably using these techniques. I hope hard core modernists see this. Even Le Corbusier seemed to know proportions and designed traditional at first
@@the_aesthetic_city i m personally very interested in building techniques that can be done by a small group of people. I am working on starting a village and marrying it permaculture and crafting/art.
I have multiple things to say here. First, thank you for diving deep into this topic, having a section related to "how we got here" before the hopeful nod towards what's going on at Notre Dame. I strongly agree with many of your points. The most important of all is when you've mentioned the pursuit of "novelty". I haven't heard modern architecture's "problem" more neatly distilled down into one word than that. You expand on what I feel in the section about "pseudo-science" and give an example of a laborious review of some architecture. I think one of the clearest failings of modern architecture can be seen when you look at any architecture historian or reviewer talk about each. Classical architecture is usually described by the beauty of its ornamentation, its grandeur, how impactful it is to be around. Many modern architecture is described in abstract, I can't count the number of times where it's merely "look at this big [shape]" "it makes these flowing lines" "it tries to evoke this feeling" or some other really abstract concept, meanwhile it's tantamount to trying to shove a building inside an awkward shape where it doesn't fit and ends up looking strange. Or just a ton of glass. Flat glass. Curved glass. Look, the glass is curved in a crazy direction (this is apparently really costly). "This was a huge engineering challenge to insulate this curved glass!" WHY. Just why? Also, the focus on the environmental issues. It's absurd that so many designs have lazily thought "we'll put some plants around it" "look the roof has a garden" "vines!". I saw another video where someone mentioned how impractical the upkeep is on all the sideways trees and grass the designers want to put upside-down. That putting the trees on the sidewalk would take up far less space, be far more practical, and you can do many times more. Not to mention it just ends up being a boring, expensive building clad in a bunch of plants arbitrarily for the purpose of mechanically offsetting random environmental figures with X number of trees and Y square feet of garden space. The second half of the video, highlighting the renaissance was exciting! I didn't have an idea at all about these programs and it makes me happy to see and hear what people have done in them! Thank you for putting in the effort to visit and give an insight into what they do! The interviews were great! On that note, the AI-generated images felt quite out of place in this video with so much OC... I would also say that I was wishing to see a bit more, it felt like you had an unprecedented position showing us this view on each program, and I was wondering a bit more of how everything felt. Like when you showed a student working on an architectural drawing I was like "WOAH, I WANT TO KNOW ALL ABOUT THIS FOR 2 HOURS"... ok that might just be me and my fascination with this kind of work lol But the classical architecture drawings featured, here and there in little snippets, were all incredibly cool!! I feel the exact same as you, I want to frame them! I loved seeing at 16:12 "South Bend North Pumping station". There have been many examples where people have remarked that many water pumping stations in cities have far superior and beautiful designs than modern courts or government buildings. Like the Chicago Water Tower from the mid 1800s looks like a Gothic Cathedral and its just housing a water pump lmao. Anyway, that drawing of the Indiana pumphouse is super pretty! That university that has the strong emphasis on model building is super cool! Not like the architectural drawings are boring, I love those too, but I adore those diaoramas! Really great video!
Thank you so much for your thoughtful and extensive comment! I’m happy to hear you felt the same excitement. I believe this excitement is exactly what we need more of, especially among students who feel lost, and I hope that they discover the true depth of the ‘rabbit hole’ of traditional architecture (including all the worldwide traditions like African, Asian etc) - there is so much there to study and learn from!!
When I went to architecture school, they wanted us to make boxes, with ribbons.
That is a sad story to hear.. I hope you still are / were able to find your passion in architecture and all its richness
@@the_aesthetic_city Nope. I had to drop out and now I have a bunch of student loans and not that degree. Haven't done anything with architecture since.
You went way over your head by claiming that residents shouldn't care if businesses thrive in their little town or not. They should care. In Mexico, a lot of social housing projects go abandoned because hardly any businesses exist within their walls. These projects are built quite far from anything else (because they're cheap, and developers only care about costs), so if people can't find grocery stores, pharmacies, doctors' offices, etc. within walking distances from their homes, they need a car to go outside their neighborhood and find what they need, but what happens if they don't have a car and getting there by other means of transportation is difficult or even dangerous? These homes eventually go abandoned because people can't find what they need nearby, or their jobs/schools are too far away. Squatters begin invading abandoned neighborhoods and stripping anything of value, and other criminals also move in so the final residents end up getting scared away, thus the whole housing project fails.
Hey man… saw that quick website shot… just screw cayalá- a horrible useless and racist/classist behemoth… its also useless and the only reason it kinda works is that its a money laundering scheme. So yeah, please dont ever highlight that horrible place.
It reminds me of a west african architect I forgot the name of who do architecture just like this. He was tasked by a country in West Africa (probably Ghana or Senegal, but I don't remember) to make a new school for a small village in the countryside and he fully rejected not only modernist designs for local designs, but made it his duty to have the community participate in the construction of the school itself as he rightfully stated not only was this the way buildings were made in village of this kind (and it was mud bricks, so nothing too technologically complicated for the locals to do), but helped the community become attached and find connection to it through their contribution, making it a true beloved center of the village with crowds on its ground even outside school hours (and indirectly through that, attachment and value giving to education in general). One of his anecdotes throughout his projects in Africa was how he constantly had to explain to officials that doing the modernist way in such climates would require tons more of ventilators and air conditionning to make it comfortable to people in it, putting extra strain on the not top-of-the-game electrical grid of countries in developpment. Valuing local culture and the diversity that comes through that, sustainability (even in poorer countries), ecology and community building, that seems all the goals claimed to be valued by architecture schools, don't you think?
Exactly!! I really want to do a serious deep dive video about African architecture to show how international, universal these principles are. We need buildings people feel a connection to. Thank you so much for your insightful and extensive comment - much appreciated 🙏🏼
I love your videos but understanding the narrator's voice is ALWAYS an issue. Are you able to change to a standard English sound?
Sorry - I’m Dutch, and it’s very hard to change my accent 😅 I feel like I use British pronunciation for some words and American for others. Maybe I should teach myself Transatlantic English? I hope you are able to get used to it for now - as it is hard to shake off a foreign accent
To the architects of the present & future, I want you to answer a question. Had Notre Dame de Paris burned completely, would you have been able to do your part in rebuilding it as it was before, using the techniques that were used before while seamlessly integrating modern safety measures & requirements? When the reconstruction was planned for the roof, from what layman me understood & would have voted for had someone asked for my opinion, the plan that was chosen was the hard road : fidelity to the original. & it is hard. So much knowledge was buried by modern autocratism.
It's very pretty and I am confident Charles made the right choice. If anything it would urban-less the Uk and make it look more European. If anything, Poundbury looks like nearly any town or city in Southern Germany to Austria.
As an ordinary passerby, I want to see hybrids of modern knowledge & traditional wisdom, mixes of styles, beauty equal to the historical styles, integrated into what we know today, with function & sustainability at the forefront. I would also like us to leave a legacy for the future that's better than a toxic mess. Sand is becoming rarer by the day. Soon, all those architects shackled to modernism wont be able to use concrete & glass as they please & then where will they be?
Me too!! Thank you for your message
You're doing God's work my man, I love it.
Thank you so much Thomas. I’m doing my best!
I think a lot about the subjects you talk about in this channel, and I think the problem is really the minimalism, not the fact that people are not using traditional materials. I believe we should try and use modern materials as long as they have better properties, but we need to ditch minimalism and seek inspiration for form in nature as this is natural environment we evolved. I think this was the inspiration for classic and ancient Greek architecture and we can draw from the same source, not copying classical architecture but seeking inspiration from the same place.
I see that point! Although I also really start believing in the use of craft and traditional materials, although cost can be an issue in many cases. However, if it leads to buildings standing longer, it might pay off too. The economic model seems broken today
Capitalism architecture 😀
when knowing of the architectural history of eastern Europe, the absolute lack of historical knowledge of this comment is ending me (the Soviet bloc? The ones who built and especially rebuilt strictly in modernist designs and even demolished traditional neighbourhoods like in Czechoslovakia and Romania or left them to rot away like in East Germany and Poland, to the point their modernist blocks became emblems of those political systems?)!
Catholic classics education!
secular classics education
None of this is a secret. It's stuff every civil engineering student is taught. Here in Florida that 50-100 year lifespan is closer to 50. Condos built on the beach in the seventies are collapsing left and right.
Smart cities are creepy as hell. Imagine the government knowing everything about your habits and behaviours at all times. No way that could go wrong...
Thanks for ending with good news!
It's reassuring to learn that classical architecture is starting to make a come back.
I appreciate this series and look forward to designs that brings beauty and better living environments. With the housing crisis around the world at a peak, I hope we make less concrete boxes and more actual homes.
Building a traditional city is easy. Retrofitting a suburb into one is hard.
HA For me It was How rude some people could be.. Or the fact that like Farms. Build squares and focus for Big big big Returns on all the money