Virtually Passed
Virtually Passed
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How To Make a Computer Create Something Beautiful: String Art #SoMEpi
This is the second video I've made about string art; a technique to make an artwork from a single thread wrapped around nails along a circular canvas. The first video was received very well. I even had many people throw a bunch of really creative ideas at me. I would have never thought about the radon transform if it wasn't for such an amazing community! Thanks so much!
Chapters:
0:00 Last Time
0:20 New Method
0:50 Intro
0:56 Rules
1:24 Radon Transform
3:29 First attempt
4:36 Radon Transform of Line
5:20 Faaaiiiilllurrreee!
6:26 Improvement 1
7:30 Improvement 2
8:16 Color!
8:59 Outro
9:11 Patreon
Music: Go Season by Milano
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Patreon: www.patreon.com/VirtuallyPassed
Instagram: virtuallypassed
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Want to buy a custom black & white circular String Artwork? Check out my website:
sites.google.com/view/virtuallypassed/home?authuser=0
For a custom String Artwork, email me at virtuallypassed@gmail.com with an image you'd like turned into string art. I can only make a few artworks each month due to limited time and resources.
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zhlédnutí: 10 419

Video

The Mathematics of String Art
zhlédnutí 539KPřed rokem
String Art recreates an image using string. An algorithm is used to calculate the order in which the string needs to be wrapped around the nails. This is something different from what I usually do - it's my entrance to the #some3 contest. Chapters: 0:00 Problem statement 0:39 Intro 0:51 Rules 1:13 Image model 2:05 Lines model 2:50 Ax = b 4:58 pinv(A) 6:17 Yuck! 6:30 Improved Lines model 8:13 Co...
5.0 A better way to understand Differential Equations | Nonlinear Dynamics | Bendixson's Criterion
zhlédnutí 6KPřed rokem
Series1: Part 1: czcams.com/video/ySfs8YVMY7Q/video.html Part 2: czcams.com/video/I9UEBRya4X0/video.html Part 3: czcams.com/video/6mLCFyEv3Z0/video.html Series 2: Part 4: czcams.com/video/wZvFKcQ_3Rc/video.html Bendixson's criterion is another method used to disprove the existence of closed orbits. A periodic solution is a type of closed orbit. This theorem only holds for simply connected regio...
4.0 A better way to understand Differential Equations | Nonlinear Dynamics | Index Theory
zhlédnutí 114KPřed rokem
Series1: Part 1: czcams.com/video/ySfs8YVMY7Q/video.html Part 2: czcams.com/video/I9UEBRya4X0/video.html Part 3: czcams.com/video/6mLCFyEv3Z0/video.html Index theory is a method used to gain global information about a nonlinear differential equation. One powerful insight is that closed orbits (periodic solutions) must have at least one fixed point inside of the curve. In fact, for a periodic or...
Least Squares Formula PROOF
zhlédnutí 9KPřed 2 lety
First video: czcams.com/video/6eLJSzOHdc8/video.html Linear least squares is a method commonly used to fit curves to data. The equation used for least squares here is derived using the column space of A. The 'best' value of X is the one that minimizes the distance between the vector b and [A]X. Most math textbooks stop at the result: A^T A X = A b and use different algorithms to find the best X...
Fitting a Line using Least Squares #SoME2
zhlédnutí 62KPřed 2 lety
Interactive links: 1DOF: cryptic-spinach.github.io/1DoF/ 2DOF: cryptic-spinach.github.io/2DoF/ 2DOF mobile: cryptic-spinach.github.io/least_squares_2DoF/ Collaboration links: I worked with Chase Reynolds for the #SoME2 contest. Check out his website and Twitter here. chasereynolds.me/ crypticspinach The Least Squares method is widely used to fit curves to data. This is called Least ...
3.1 Linearization PROOF | Nonlinear Dynamics
zhlédnutí 4,3KPřed 2 lety
3.1 Linearization PROOF | Nonlinear Dynamics
1.1 Stability of Fixed Points PROOF | Nonlinear Dynamics
zhlédnutí 9KPřed 2 lety
1.1 Stability of Fixed Points PROOF | Nonlinear Dynamics
3.0 A better way to understand Differential Equations | Nonlinear Dynamics | Linearization
zhlédnutí 15KPřed 2 lety
3.0 A better way to understand Differential Equations | Nonlinear Dynamics | Linearization
2.0 A better way to understand Differential Equations | Nonlinear Dynamics | 2D Linear Diff Eqns
zhlédnutí 19KPřed 2 lety
2.0 A better way to understand Differential Equations | Nonlinear Dynamics | 2D Linear Diff Eqns
1.0 A better way to understand Differential Equations | Nonlinear Dynamics | 1D Linear Diff Eqns
zhlédnutí 39KPřed 2 lety
1.0 A better way to understand Differential Equations | Nonlinear Dynamics | 1D Linear Diff Eqns
Radius of Curvature Proof - approximating a curve with a circle!
zhlédnutí 18KPřed 2 lety
Radius of Curvature Proof - approximating a curve with a circle!
Reflection Matrix Proof
zhlédnutí 4,1KPřed 2 lety
Reflection Matrix Proof
Can YOU find the offset of this circle? Math Puzzle
zhlédnutí 4,3KPřed 2 lety
Can YOU find the offset of this circle? Math Puzzle
Energy analysis of forced spring mass damper system
zhlédnutí 6KPřed 3 lety
Energy analysis of forced spring mass damper system
Can you change vibration speed? #VeritasiumContest
zhlédnutí 2,1KPřed 3 lety
Can you change vibration speed? #VeritasiumContest
Mathematics of Vibration [Part 2: Harmonic Excitation]
zhlédnutí 6KPřed 3 lety
Mathematics of Vibration [Part 2: Harmonic Excitation]
Bayes' theorem alternative proof (using algebra)
zhlédnutí 2,5KPřed 3 lety
Bayes' theorem alternative proof (using algebra)
Optimal path to swim across river in least time - Math Puzzle (HARD)
zhlédnutí 12KPřed 3 lety
Optimal path to swim across river in least time - Math Puzzle (HARD)
Time to swim across river with variable speed - Math Puzzle
zhlédnutí 1,6KPřed 3 lety
Time to swim across river with variable speed - Math Puzzle
Optimal path to rescue friend - Math Puzzle
zhlédnutí 2KPřed 3 lety
Optimal path to rescue friend - Math Puzzle
Optimal Path Around Quicksand - Math Puzzle (HARD)
zhlédnutí 4,8KPřed 3 lety
Optimal Path Around Quicksand - Math Puzzle (HARD)
Conservation of Mechanical Energy Proof (2DoF)
zhlédnutí 957Před 5 lety
Conservation of Mechanical Energy Proof (2DoF)
Conservation of Mechanical Energy Proof (1DoF)
zhlédnutí 2,6KPřed 5 lety
Conservation of Mechanical Energy Proof (1DoF)
Harmonic Force Excitation Steady State Amplitude and Phase Proof
zhlédnutí 13KPřed 5 lety
Harmonic Force Excitation Steady State Amplitude and Phase Proof
Math Puzzle - Zombies!!!
zhlédnutí 1,1KPřed 6 lety
Math Puzzle - Zombies!!!
Math Puzzle - Area of N sided shape
zhlédnutí 385Před 6 lety
Math Puzzle - Area of N sided shape
Math Puzzle - How many circles wrap around a circle?
zhlédnutí 6KPřed 6 lety
Math Puzzle - How many circles wrap around a circle?
Second Moment of Area Example 4 (I beam)
zhlédnutí 164KPřed 6 lety
Second Moment of Area Example 4 (I beam)
Second Moment of Area Example 3
zhlédnutí 5KPřed 6 lety
Second Moment of Area Example 3

Komentáře

  • @lujitsu1251
    @lujitsu1251 Před 14 hodinami

    Useless video

  • @williamcurt7204
    @williamcurt7204 Před dnem

    Very helpful, thank you.

  • @mihirrawat7347
    @mihirrawat7347 Před 3 dny

    ahh i was trying to solve this exact simulation soem time ago. i tried using some learning methods but i couldnt do anything significant. the greedy idea was really smart

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 3 dny

      Thanks! I hope this doesn't make you give up though! I'm sure there are many different ways to approach this problem :)

  • @ahmedagdouz6104
    @ahmedagdouz6104 Před 7 dny

    Le nom d'algorithme svp. Merci

  • @arxaaron
    @arxaaron Před 7 dny

    Way Kewl. Occurred to me that you could take it to the next level by doing glowing "EL Wire" art, Assuming it would be an easy inversion, like just starting with a negative of the image or pattern. Controlling the point to point connections with a micro controller could generate lots of interesting visual effects. Scale might need to really large though given the added diameter of the wire.

  • @Number_Cruncher
    @Number_Cruncher Před 7 dny

    Simply amazing.

  • @justinjames2436
    @justinjames2436 Před 8 dny

    this is beautiful, I actually have to proof this theorem is true for complex numbers, in my complex analysis class.

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 7 dny

      Oh interesting! I personally haven't even thought about proving this for complex numbers! Good luck

  • @marcelomarinos845
    @marcelomarinos845 Před 9 dny

    nice

  • @supersecretprojectx5642

    So, is the machine available for purchase?

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 10 dny

      Unfortunately not. I disassembled it to make other robots :(

    • @supersecretprojectx5642
      @supersecretprojectx5642 Před 10 dny

      @@virtually_passed Do you realize people would buy that that machine on amazon? It like a machine that prints money.

  • @elidanekovic4886
    @elidanekovic4886 Před 11 dny

    Compliments to the quality and content of the video. I have some questions: 1. How do you approach the analysis of the steady-state response of a multi-degree-of-freedom system to harmonic excitation? 2. Please explain the phase angle in the steady state response of a system under harmonic excitation. How does the phase angle vary either frequency and what does it indicate about the system’s behaviour? Thanks in advance 😊!

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 11 dny

      Great questions! 1) you'll typically have a matrix FRF function in that case where each element of the FRF will relate one specific input to one specific output. An important caveat here is that this only applies for linear systems where the superposition principal can be applied.

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 11 dny

      In answer to your second question: there's a lot of information to unpack about phase but some key insights are: when resonance occurs you will be neither in phase nor out of phase with the input. It'll be at 90 degrees. After resonance you will be at 180 degrees phase which implies that you're fully out of sync with the input. Before resonance you will be at 0 degrees phase which implies you're fully in sync. If you have a multi degree of freedom system though then it becomes a bit more difficult. You can use the bode gain phase relationship to protect how phase relates to gain

  • @solcarzemog5232
    @solcarzemog5232 Před 13 dny

    You're pulling rabits out of a hat with no consequential or motivational thought whatsoever. This is robotic, mechanical and unintuitive.

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 12 dny

      Thanks for the feedback: in case you're curious I've made another video proving the same thing in a more intuitive way: czcams.com/video/vyBkvGnPwJk/video.html

    • @solcarzemog5232
      @solcarzemog5232 Před 12 dny

      @@virtually_passed Oh, thank you! That's what I meant, Very intuitive, clear and convincing! beatuful, thank you

  • @mohammedjunaididhahir5838

    ⁠Sorry I have a question about a topic (moment of inertia) you explained in a video How to contact you? Thanks @virtually_passed

  • @RukopisyNarnie
    @RukopisyNarnie Před 17 dny

    Can't you just "spawn" every string, color it, and sort it from darkest to lightest, and then only display some % of top ones?

  • @alieeeyr
    @alieeeyr Před 17 dny

    It is my duty to thank you for the good content you have provided.

  • @ShaikhMusaddiq-hw8lr
    @ShaikhMusaddiq-hw8lr Před 19 dny

    Nicely explained 😊

  • @mhe123321
    @mhe123321 Před 20 dny

    My guess was initially that you would use FFT for such a problem. FFTs are used similarly in other areas such as antenna/loudspeaker beam forming (pattern synthesis).

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 20 dny

      I agree, it seems like a natural progression. However formulating the problem as an fft problem is very difficult in my view :)

    • @mhe123321
      @mhe123321 Před 20 dny

      @@virtually_passed indeed! There might be some insight to gain in “simple pattern synthesis for complicated arrays” by RF get down here on CZcams - but I haven’t investigated too much into the usability of the method in your case

  • @mmiisshhaa
    @mmiisshhaa Před 22 dny

    HAHA i was like wow, thats pretty cool. And then you were just casiaually like oh yah, theres also a completely different way with FOURIER TRANSFORMS??? whattt?

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 22 dny

      Mind = blown! 🤯 Yep, and there's another method using the radon transform which I talked about in my latest video :)

  • @Claudio-tn2yg
    @Claudio-tn2yg Před 24 dny

    thank youuuu😘

  • @clockworks-gf3lt
    @clockworks-gf3lt Před 24 dny

    Thank you the mathematics gods will spare you

  • @pdkovacs
    @pdkovacs Před měsícem

    How do you prove that the derivative of (x+y)^n is n(x+y)^(n-1)? I'm coming from a Calculus 1 course where this is proved using the binomial expansion, looking for a proof for the binomial formula. 😅

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před měsícem

      This follows from the derivative: d/dx(f(x))^n = n f(x)^n-1 f'(x)

    • @pdkovacs
      @pdkovacs Před měsícem

      @@virtually_passed I see. Thank you! (I’ve just been presented with the piece I was missing here: the algebraic proof of the chain rule. 😊)

  • @billhunt8533
    @billhunt8533 Před měsícem

    Very cool. I suspect a good optimization for color would be to lay down the thread lines in order of lowest average darkness to highest average darkness. (instead of laying down all the red, then green, then etc, in which case the last color laid down would dominate the image). Of course, this would mean the robot would need to support multiple threads concurrently; not sure how much of a challenge that would be.

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před měsícem

      This is a very interesting idea. I'll be honest with you that I haven't fully solved the color issue. It's very complicated since order highly affects the outcome in a very nonlinear way. So far I found CMYK works quite well in a set order but I'm sure it can be improved.

  • @Grandalf3004
    @Grandalf3004 Před měsícem

    I like the way you say vector

  • @nearlyoriginal
    @nearlyoriginal Před měsícem

    Shouldn't the radon transform of a line be a delta distribution or something similar? Or do they have thickness?

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před měsícem

      Good question. You can model the line as a Dirac delta function. In which case, the radon transform of this yields 1/abs(sin). However, in reality the line will have some width. I've tried modelling the line with a box profile, triangular profile and oval profile, but all of the radon transforms of these profiles are very complicated and slow to implement numerically. In the end I used a mathematical hack to make the Dirac delta function have thicknesses. Does that answer your question

    • @nearlyoriginal
      @nearlyoriginal Před měsícem

      @@virtually_passed kind of. I was thinking that given a line, there's exactly one value for theta 1 and theta 2 where it overlaps, and for all the others values of thetas, the function in integral to compute the radon transform is 0 at almost every point Do you compute the radon transform numerically? Thanks for the video btw!

  • @cellist63
    @cellist63 Před měsícem

    Congratulations on all your work! It's stunning! I just bought the Matlab script for colored strings. How to obtain the sequence of chains to perform for each color?

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před měsícem

      Hey there, I'm glad you like it. At the moment the script does not output the precise list of nails. That's a more complicated process that I didn't include. However if this is something you're interested in then send me an email at virtuallypassed@gmail.com and I'll try to create a custom script for you that contains it all in one MATLAB file

  • @mattgsm
    @mattgsm Před měsícem

    Why can't you "divide" A transpose from both sides of that final equation?

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před měsícem

      Good question. When dealing with matrices we can't divide anymore. We need to multiply both sides by the inverse matrix. And this operation is only defined for square matrices. A^T isn't square in general (there could be more rows than columns or visa versa). However, in the very unlikely case that A happens to be square (ie there are just as many unique data points as unknowns) then you can inverse A^T and the pseudo inverse will collapse into the regular inverse of A. Hope that makes sense

  • @bisheshwarraj3225
    @bisheshwarraj3225 Před měsícem

    thanks man it really helps.

  • @hoodio
    @hoodio Před měsícem

    bro just threw fourier in there at the end and then dipped

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před měsícem

      I've got another video followup. I've also got details about the Fourier method on my patreon. Spoiler: the radon transform method is better than the Fourier method in my opinion.

  • @alganpokemon905
    @alganpokemon905 Před měsícem

    british + american accent combo lets go

  • @jakeaustria5445
    @jakeaustria5445 Před měsícem

    1:43, Where, Where? Ah, it's life, bummer

  • @DrSimulate
    @DrSimulate Před měsícem

    Wow, what an exciting application of math! When I saw the thumbnail, it reminded me of the math behind CT-imaging, and indeed the mathematical problem that you solve seems to be related... Keep on doing the good stuff!

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před měsícem

      Glad you enjoyed it. I made a follow up video where I ended up using the math from CT scanners!

  • @francisvalenti2541
    @francisvalenti2541 Před měsícem

    Thank you!

  • @piyushyadav9100
    @piyushyadav9100 Před měsícem

    Just an amazing explanation.. Thanks

  • @bartolomeodiaz7847
    @bartolomeodiaz7847 Před měsícem

    You are amazing. You are a guy who explains a difficult problem in a simple way.

  • @markzambelli
    @markzambelli Před měsícem

    In my youth during the 70's I was surrounded by various wire-art framed pictures and even did a few (geometric) versions for myself... but this absolutely blows my non-mathematical mind... thankyou for showing us what's really possible with this form of art🥰 (PS... I now know that I _need_ that stormtrooper artwork!!!)

  • @piyushyadav9100
    @piyushyadav9100 Před měsícem

    Very good explanation...

  • @bartolomeodiaz7847
    @bartolomeodiaz7847 Před měsícem

    What program do you use to write?

  • @zrmsraggot
    @zrmsraggot Před 2 měsíci

    Are oscillations getting bigger around equilibrium ?

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 2 měsíci

      Nope the amplitude of oscillation decays exponentially with a linear SMD system. The oscillations get smaller. :)

    • @zrmsraggot
      @zrmsraggot Před 2 měsíci

      @@virtually_passed Thx for answering. Im beginner but it looks like amplitude of the oscillations gets smaller with tim, but frequencies seem to be bigger and bigger. I guess im wrong but visually that's what it looks like nah ?

  • @JP-lo6mr
    @JP-lo6mr Před 2 měsíci

    I don't really comment on these kind of videos but damn this one was pretty well explained. English isn't my mother language so I've been trying to go for english videos explaining the stuff I'm going trhu at uni, and you pretty much made it so clear to me something my teacher wouldn't accomplish explaining during the whole unit. This actually rocks, great content I genuinely ended up being interested even tho I initially came here cause I got an exam soon.

  • @YT_Admin_
    @YT_Admin_ Před 2 měsíci

  • @k.i.l.l.7935
    @k.i.l.l.7935 Před 2 měsíci

    may the force be with you.

  • @agnesasopaj
    @agnesasopaj Před 2 měsíci

    Hello! Can you please inform about the damping ratio if there are two masses, two dampers and two springs?

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 2 měsíci

      What a great question. For a single dof system you can easily find the damping ratio using the formulas shown. However for a 2 dof system there will be 2 damping ratios corresponding to each mode. You'll have to use something called modal analysis to find these two modes by diagonalizing the equations of motion. Once you have the uncoupled equations of motion you can use the formula shown to each equation to find both damping ratio. Hope that makes sense

  • @theanonymousgamer8394
    @theanonymousgamer8394 Před 2 měsíci

    Amazing video

  • @rishiashok7840
    @rishiashok7840 Před 2 měsíci

    tysm, exactly what i was looking for !!!

  • @jacobhofer9502
    @jacobhofer9502 Před 2 měsíci

    Like the music :)

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 2 měsíci

      Thanks! All because of your suggestion to change song 😉

  • @KeerthiRoyal25
    @KeerthiRoyal25 Před 2 měsíci

    Art work was super, What software do you use? Can you sell the software sir ?

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 2 měsíci

      Thanks! I coded up the algorithm myself with MATLAB. You can get access to the code via my Patreon :) patreon.com/VirtuallyPassed

    • @KeerthiRoyal25
      @KeerthiRoyal25 Před 2 měsíci

      Thank you

    • @KeerthiRoyal25
      @KeerthiRoyal25 Před 2 měsíci

      Sir different shapes also possible ?? Like semi circle, rectangle, ovel and other shapes hapes. ??

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 2 měsíci

      @@KeerthiRoyal25 Only circle and rectangle at the moment

  • @jacobhofer9502
    @jacobhofer9502 Před 2 měsíci

    You should diversify your song choices, they're not bad, but it's getting to be too much 😭

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 2 měsíci

      Thanks for the advice :) I'll choose a different song next time. Do you have any favorites?

    • @jacobhofer9502
      @jacobhofer9502 Před 2 měsíci

      @@virtually_passed not really, idk what the scene is for copyright free music. Main thing is to repeat songs less, since at least subscribers get a lot of shorts with the same audio. Doesn't help that they're enjoyable to watch multiple times, adding to the repetitiveness 😂

  • @Petch85
    @Petch85 Před 2 měsíci

    I guess the axis are position and velocity, or kinetic and potential energy?

  • @carlharris4265
    @carlharris4265 Před 2 měsíci

    Song?

  • @i-make-robots
    @i-make-robots Před 2 měsíci

    So... I can find the brightest point on my transform but it doesn't correspond exactly to any possible thread. What do? I tried filtering my transform based on actually reachable threads, but then there's no need to calculate the radon of a single thread and subtract that (since the transform of the image is just a sparse matrix of points).

    • @virtually_passed
      @virtually_passed Před 2 měsíci

      Once you have an ordered list of nails each described with (alpha,s) values, then you need to convert those values to Psi1,Psi2 values using the last formula I derived. Once you do that you'll find that your values will likely not correspond to a perfect equally spaced set of nails, so you'll have to do a linear interpolation. You'll also have to make an algorithm that converts all these individual disconnected lines, into something a single thread can reach. Another alternative is to perform the greedy algorithm in Psi1,Psi2 space.