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James Gaskin
Registrace 23. 09. 2010
This channel includes instruction on several very useful statistical topics for researchers in the social sciences. I upload demo videos and instructional videos on structural equation modeling (SEM) and other statistical concepts, procedures, and software.
SmartPLS CB-SEM Method Bias with model constraints
This is a demonstration and explanation of the approach to assessment method bias in SmartPLS CB-SEM using zero constraint and equal constraints.
zhlédnutí: 1 214
Video
Discriminant Validity through correlation confidence intervals
zhlédnutí 691Před 2 měsíci
This video demonstrates a new method for assessing discriminant validity using the confidence intervals around correlation coefficients.
SmartPLS 4 CB-SEM: Interaction Moderation and Saving Factor Scores
zhlédnutí 1,5KPřed 2 měsíci
In this video I show how to use the moderation (interaction) feature in SmartPLS CB-SEM, as well as demonstrate the generate dataset from factor scores feature.
pwrSEM a-priori Power Analysis for SEM
zhlédnutí 853Před 4 měsíci
In this video I show how to use pwrSEM, an a-priori power analysis tool for structural equation modeling. Here is a link to the free tool: yilinandrewang.shinyapps.io/pwrSEM/
SmartPLS CB-SEM Higher Order Constructs
zhlédnutí 1,6KPřed 5 měsíci
How to implement and validate higher order factors in SmartPLS CB-SEM
SmartPLS 4 CB-SEM Comparison with Lisrel, AMOS, Mplus
zhlédnutí 1,1KPřed 5 měsíci
In this video I compare the results from SmartPLS CB-SEM to well-known full information CB-SEM software like AMOS, Mplus, and Lisrel.
SmartPLS 4: Model Comparison
zhlédnutí 1,6KPřed 6 měsíci
In this video I demonstrate the model comparison feature in SmartPLS 4
SmartPLS 4: Do I need covariance arrows in CB-SEM?
zhlédnutí 1KPřed 6 měsíci
Clarifying and demonstrating you don't need covariance arrows for SmartPLS 4 CB-SEM
SmartPLS 4: Import AMOS model
zhlédnutí 918Před 6 měsíci
How to import an AMOS model into SmartPLS 4 and run it
AMOS Plugins now public on GitHub
zhlédnutí 1,5KPřed 10 měsíci
Here is the link to the org page and access to the repos on github: github.com/statsamos
Data Creation and Analyzer with ChatGPT code interpreter
zhlédnutí 1,7KPřed rokem
In this video I show an adventure I had creating data with specific parameters and relationships and then analyzing it with chatGPT code interpreter.
Learn statistics and even SEM concepts using ChatGPT
zhlédnutí 2KPřed rokem
In this video I show how to use ChatGPT to learn more about statistics, including SEM concepts.
Finding validated scales for survey research using ChatGPT
zhlédnutí 2,2KPřed rokem
In this video, I show how to use ChatGPT Plus to find studies that proposed and validated scales for measuring specific constructs in survey research.
SmartPLS 4: Importing an AMOS model
zhlédnutí 3,2KPřed rokem
You can now import AMOS files into SmartPLS 4!
SmartPLS 4: convert PLS to CB SEM
zhlédnutí 5KPřed rokem
This video shows how to convert your smartPLS PLS models into covariance-based models
SmartPLS 4 Tutorial Guide 1: Getting started
zhlédnutí 67KPřed rokem
SmartPLS 4 Tutorial Guide 1: Getting started
SmartPLS 4: Estimating and Interpretting Indirect Effect Sizes
zhlédnutí 6KPřed rokem
SmartPLS 4: Estimating and Interpretting Indirect Effect Sizes
SmartPLS 4: Specific Indirect Effects using the PLSc Bootstrapping Method
zhlédnutí 6KPřed rokem
SmartPLS 4: Specific Indirect Effects using the PLSc Bootstrapping Method
SmartPLS 4: CORRECTION Reflective higher order endogenous factor model
zhlédnutí 10KPřed 2 lety
SmartPLS 4: CORRECTION Reflective higher order endogenous factor model
SmartPLS 4: PROCESS emulator with quadratic nonlinear effects, controls, and moderated mediation
zhlédnutí 8KPřed 2 lety
SmartPLS 4: PROCESS emulator with quadratic nonlinear effects, controls, and moderated mediation
SmartPLS 4: Interaction Moderation with Simple Slopes Plot
zhlédnutí 23KPřed 2 lety
SmartPLS 4: Interaction Moderation with Simple Slopes Plot
SmartPLS 4: Common Method Bias with Random Dependent Variable
zhlédnutí 11KPřed 2 lety
SmartPLS 4: Common Method Bias with Random Dependent Variable
SmartPLS 4: FIMIX (Finite Mixture Analysis)
zhlédnutí 7KPřed 2 lety
SmartPLS 4: FIMIX (Finite Mixture Analysis)
SmartPLS 4: Importance Performance Map Analysis
zhlédnutí 8KPřed 2 lety
SmartPLS 4: Importance Performance Map Analysis
SmartPLS 4: Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis (formative or reflective determination)
zhlédnutí 8KPřed 2 lety
SmartPLS 4: Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis (formative or reflective determination)
thank you so much!!!! i was seriously starting to doubt my sanity lol
Hi James, thank you for this informative video. I completed all the steps but right at the end when I did the data invitation I had a messaged saying the following ‘a sample of parameter values was inadmissable’. Followed by ‘1 parameter samples were inadmissible. 0 completed data sets have been created’. Do you have any advice on how to solve this problem please? Thank you :)
Check the notes for the model in the output window. Usually it will point you to the problem. This error is often associated with negative error variance. In such a case, you would just need to constrain that error variance to a small positive number, like 0.05
@@Gaskination Thank you for the speedy reply. I tried this but unfortunately the issue with data imputation still persists with the same message. Thank you anyways, your videos are very helpful.
@@elliemoore8896 Data imputation won't run if the model won't run. Make sure to address errors in the model before trying to impute.
@@Gaskination Thanks James. The model does run. It runs successfully when the CLF is unconstrained and fully constrained. It was just the final stage of trying to impute the data where I fell into this error. Can I proceed without data imputation? Perhaps I can manually create variables for each factor in SPSS instead?
@@elliemoore8896 If there is no significant bias, then just remove the CLF before imputation. If there is significant bias, then you could move forward with the latent model instead. It's just more complex.
Why I ge P value =,000 what should I do in this case
That means it is less than 0.001
Are these variables computed in SPSS? or Latent Variable scores from SmartPls?
these ones were computed in SmartPLS.
very helpful. Thanks!
After watching a lot of CZcams videos, my problem was solved by watching this video. you are awesome.
Thank you James !
Thanks for the video professor! I have a question: For path A - B -C -D, the coefficient of my direct effect A -D is big (0.25), but the specific indirect effect after serial mediation is small (0.02). All the paths are significant. Do I need to write that the direct impact A-D is the major impact in my report?
It is natural for the product of many decimals to be small. This is expected. The longer the serial mediation, the smaller the expected coefficient.
Do you have any information about Power standards? For example, 8 and above means good.
That is correct. 0.80 and above is considered good. Here is a review of the key references: chatgpt.com/share/74c8423e-ac77-4b98-a97f-049d1ed9a73d
Thank you very much for your video, I have learned how to use it and recommend this to my Chinese classmates🎉🎉
is this a high order context causality continuity flow chart mapping?
It's just a simple slopes plot at different levels of the moderator.
@@Gaskination thanks for the response
Dear Professor Gaskin, I believe my commend hasn't got posted for some reason and I lost the video where I posted it, so here I am again. I have 4 independent questions: 1) when we run a SEM model the literature usually says that we should use standardized coefficients to see the difference between the influence of two IVs on one DV. I don't get how we can say that they are statistically different or not even if they are different. The first idea I had is to use Fisher's test to compare regression coefficients, but now I think it's a bad idea- the sample is the same, it's not two independent samples(Y=b0+b1*x1+b2*x2 I want to test if b1-b2 =0) I now think that maybe I should try something like nested models - unrestricted coefficients would be for model one, and the restricted coefficients would be for model 2 where b1=b2 and then I would compare the likelihood ratio statistics, would it be an appropriate way to handle it? 2) According to STROBE recommendations, a study should report a model with and without control variables to see if they influenced the analysis much. So, here I also thought about Fisher's test, now I think it's bad idea too. Now I think ,maybe to use likelihood ratio test, but now I also think it won't answer my question - it will say if 2 models are different, not if the coefficients are different (Y=b0_1+b1_1*x1+b2_1*x2 and Y=b0_2+b1_2*x1, I want to test if b1_1-b1_2=0). So, I came across the Clogg and colleagues’ article(Clogg, C. C., Petkova, E., & Haritou, A. (1995). Statistical Methods for Comparing Regression Coefficients Between Models. American Journal of Sociology, 100(5), 1261-1293. doi:10.1086/230638) they have a formula for multiple regression models, which requires to use sigmas for the computation, and I am not sure where to take it from the output in R when using lavaan or semTools package. Is it the right way to handle it? If yes, where to take those sigmas? 3) what if I want to test the same sample for the same model but in 2 different conditions? Do I understand correctly that it's the work of longitudinal SEM? or something like repeated measures SEM? 4) and the last question is when we use common method factor, the correlations between the variables change, and we should provide how much they change, so here I assume we also could run a test, I thought about Fisher's z-test for correlations. However, again, we have the same sample, not two independent samples, and it’s not just correlations, but correlations computed as a part of CFA analysis. What to do in this case? Thank you!
1. You can just do a chi-square difference test where one model is the unrestricted model (just the normal one) and the other constrains b1 to equal b2. 2. A chi-square test can test whether models are different or whether coefficients are different. To test differences in coefficients, refer to my above answer. To test differences in models, just run both unrestricted models (but with and without controls). However, usually we're more interested in how adding controls changes R-square and path coefficients. 3. Sounds like repeated measures. 4. I would just report the change in correlation, and then wait to see if a reviewer requests more than that, and if so, ask what they recommend.
@@Gaskination thank you a lot, I ended up using wald chi square for the first one, nested models R square and path coefficient changes for the second one. Although, for the second one I am a bit confused how to represent a nested moderation model
Thanks james I learn a lot from you
Do we need p-values on everything? I.e., MUST we run the bootstrap version or can we get away with the basic CB-SEM algorithm? Also, you correlated the exogenous variables before running the algorithm. How do we handle this if we have mediator variables, do we correlate those with the exogenous variable?
p-values are typically expected for any hypothesis test. You can only correlate exogenous variables (not mediators).
Out of interest, have you done structural model videos that discuss effect sizes in CM-SEM? I have a question regarding effect sizes as I see them written in papers. On SmartPLS4, after running my structural model on the standard CB-SEM algorithm, I am presented with indirect effects and total effects. Is total effects the same as effect size? If not, how would I work out the effect size? I see that my path coefficients are very similar values to the total effect size, is that normal? Thanks for your help!
Effect sizes are not yet a feature of CB-SEM in SmartPLS. Total effects are the sum of all direct and indirect effects. Total effects and effect sizes are not the same thing.
@@Gaskination Thanks. Any advice for how to work out the effect size? As you mentioned in one of your other videos, a significant and strong beta coefficient may not be as powerful if the effect size is minimal.
@@TUPhDude I have a sheet for this in the Stats Tools Package Excel file on the homepage of statwiki. You just need to run the model with and without the predictor to obtain the change in R-square.
@@Gaskination Thanks, this is very helpful. I will have a look at your StatWiki. I came across this video (czcams.com/video/ywuxqYdeedM/video.html) which stated that f2 = (R2 included - R2 excluded)/(1 - R2 included).
Hi James, I'm wondering if you would know how to do with with latent variables? I'm running a model with one IV, one Med, one Mod, and one DV, all latent variables. I'm trying to get a plot that makes sense, but it's hard to understand how to do it.
That's a lot of complexity. I would recommend just simplifying to factor scores and then doing it as in the video.
Hi, thank you for the great video! I want to ask whether we use all the data collected or just take part of it to test the reliability and validity? Thank youu
It is common to use all the data, though some conduct measurement model and structural model in two stages with either two datasets (considered most rigorous) or random samples of the same dataset. Personally, I've always used all the data.
Hey James, upon reading Hair et al's Primer on PLS-SEM, there's a section on model evaluation that states "the concept of fit-as defined in CB-SEM- does not apply to PLS-SEM. Efforts to introduce model fit measures have generally proven unsuccessful'. Does that mean SRMR values are negligible?
Correct. The model fit measures are not really appropriate for PLS. I do not even bother reporting them unless I'm using CB-SEM.
Hey James, again, thank you for your helpful videos. Just a quick question- is there any added benefit of using the consistent PLS algorithm/bootstrapping if your factors are all reflexive? How is it different from using the standard algorithms? does it give more accurate results?
If all factors are reflective, then it is best to use the CB-SEM features in the newest SmartPLS. If you don't have access to this, then the PLSc algorithm is preferred, as it reduces bias in the estimates when compared to regular PLS.
Hi Dr. Gaskin I have downloaded the latest version of SmartPLS4 (v 4.1.0.6) and I can't seem to access R^2. In the left hand side-bar it goes 'model fit' and then 'construct reliability and validity' whereas your version has R^2. Under the bottom half of the left hand side-bar I can select R^2 under construct, where you have AVE, but when I do that, nothing shows. Odd. I wonder why this would be? - Is there a way to derive R^2 from AVE? - Could you explain the difference between them? Thanks!
Make sure you are not bootstrapping. The R-square only shows up for bootstrap if you select Complete results (slower) in the setup. R-square also won't show up if you don't have any endogenous variables. R-square is the variance explained in the endogenous variable by its predictors. AVE is the average squared loading of indicators.
@@Gaskination Thank you. For my measurement model, I didn't use the CB-SEM Bootstrap, I just ran the normal algorithm and as mentioned, no R-Square was shown which now makes sense. When I ran the structural model, I got the R-Square value. Is there any scenario where I would HAVE to run the CB-SEM bootstrap or is it fine for me to just run the normal algorithm?
@@TUPhDude Bootstrapping gives you p-values for indirect effects. It also gives you more robust estimates all around.
Thanks. Do we then report the beta coefficient from the basic CB-SEM algorithm along with the p-values/significance values from the bootstrap or do we just report all the bootstrap data?
@@TUPhDude Report the bootstrap data
Your videos are great James! I’ve been using them to learn EFA in my PhD data. I’m finding that my pattern matrix is incredibly messy. I mean each item being loaded on a different factor messy. I can see you have a messy EFA example, but for me this example would be the dream dataset for me after working through mine. Do you have any advice on how to work through REALLY messy pattern matrix? Thanks!
This suggests the problem may be in something else. Perhaps the items don't really belong to reflective latent factors. Or perhaps the data is of low quality (e.g., participants were not paying attention). Or perhaps too much data was imputed. Or the sample size is too low. Many potential issues...
@@Gaskinationthank you for your comment. After scrolling through some of the comments on this video I think I figured out that perhaps my sample size was too small.Instead I’ve ran an EFA on each subset of items. And from there figured out the strongest items. I’ve managed to create a pattern matrix with three factors with strong loadings. Some items are loaded in areas that I didn’t expect so I think they needed rewordingx because conceptual it makes sense. No idea if this is correct but hopefully someone at my university can help to confirm 😅 thanks again!
How to choose between PLS SEM and CB SEM
The primary criteria are whether you have formative factors (choose PLS) or low sample size (choose PLS) or exceptionally complex model with interactions (choose PLS). Otherwise, it is currently considered best practice to choose CB-SEM.
CZcams videos always have perfect values. But in reality we face horrible values and never get any reference to deal with it...
Do you have a question? Here is an example of a youtube video with horrible values: czcams.com/video/oeoTpXiSncc/video.htmlsi=stj0zfBWOGycU-S7
Hi Gaskin. what are the implications if I fail to correlate my independent variables during my path analysis in CB SEM. does it have any impact on my results?
SmarPLS 4 has a checkbox for automatically correlating exogenous variables. Failing to covary them will change the covariance based model by excluding certain parameters (it will affect model fit and regression weights).
Sir, I have concern about the demographic variable that you have added with covariance like age, se, yrs. Are they Moderator in your Conceptual Model? I have a categorical moderator so confused how to include it in SEM Model or Path Analysis although I have conducted moderation analysis in SPSS and AMOS (tested significance and z-score with stats too package). I will be really grateful to get your reply.
The ones I added are just control variables. Not moderators. Categorical moderators should be included in multigroup analysis: czcams.com/video/w5ikoIgTIc0/video.htmlsi=6TsM_zCCNBCvyJHG
czcams.com/video/IOWuXeV4FXM/video.htmlsi=sUscHpsolJA6nzfO
Hi, sir! I'm a graduating student and currently on my thesis course, and this might be an impossible request. Are you accepting online consultations? 🥺 I badly need it for my thesis data. I ran it over and over again, but there's a problem in my model and higher-order constructs. I hope you will consider my request favorably for my course requirement. 🙏🏻
I don't, but I have colleagues who do. For example: www.linkedin.com/in/khawajafawadlatif/
Hello sir! I have a question. If Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization and Reduced Productivity is already in LV Scores how can we see the factor loadings of the bm 1 to 5? Same case as mine but we need the factor loadings for the framework model. Thank you in advance 😊
You would have to go back to the previous model without LVS.
Thank you sooo much for your videos! I have a question: do we have to use z scores for the interactions? Or, does the program use natural scores? Thanks a lot, prof James!
SmartPLS automatically standardizes the appropriate variables. There is also an option to change the method for how that’s done.
@@Gaskination thank you sooo much for your answear!
hello. do you have efacfa plugins for AMOS v.29? because the one´s that where available appear in AMOS with an interrogation point before and when I tried to enter appears and error
@@user-yc6qc4pr8h I do not. Sorry. I stopped supporting AMOS once SmartPLS enabled CB-SEM mode.
Thank you very much for this, Prof. Gaskin! I will appreciate help with the following question. I've built a model with the following linkages: (Link 1) orphanhood -> (Link 2) 5 mediators with parallel and serial linkages I've shortlisted -> (Link 3) mental health. I want to introduce moderators for age and sex. The problem is that in AMOS, Link 2 variables are dependent variables. Therefore, if I want to introduce age/sex moderation at Link 2 for a pathway leading to Link 3, I can't covary the moderator with any Link 2 variable. Because in AMOS, I'm not allowed to introduce a covariance with a dependent variable, even if it's not a dependent variable for the part of the model I'm interested in, but an independent variable, since I'm looking at the determinants of Link 3, i.e., mental health. I would really, really appreciate your support with this query.
You can covary the moderator with the error of the mediator.
Thank you very much for this, Prof. Gaskin! I will appreciate help with the following question. I've built a model with the following linkages: (Link 1) orphanhood -> (Link 2) 5 mediators with parallel and serial linkages I've shortlisted -> (Link 3) mental health. I want to introduce moderators for age and sex. The problem is that in AMOS, Link 2 variables are dependent variables. Therefore, if I want to introduce age/sex moderation at Link 2 for a pathway leading to Link 3, I can't covary the moderator with any Link 2 variable. Because in AMOS, I'm not allowed to introduce a covariance with a dependent variable, even if it's not a dependent variable for the part of the model I'm interested in, but an independent variable, since I'm looking at the determinants of Link 3, i.e., mental health. I would really, really appreciate your support with this query.
You can covary the moderator with the error of the mediator.
can anyone plz guide ... how to add Independent variable with sub diementions /sub section
Here you go: czcams.com/video/sGqp6hRktI8/video.htmlsi=mLt-vhULQCCXj4xV (the method is the same for IVs) And here it is for the CB-SEM side: czcams.com/video/Y2qsapJki6s/video.htmlsi=HqTmYCi_gXIuHoTz
Interpretation of R squares???
"Teach a man to fish..." chatgpt.com/share/fbcbe640-de05-477a-bc69-2c984d1a7d29
Keep up the good work! Thank you!
Dear Prof. Gaskin, I have a problem with justifying why my model is preferable to an alternative model. I understand that given that the difference in df is 0, that means that the alternative model's fit is better statistically, but is it really different enough to say my model is not at least equivalent? (I changed the position of two elements in the model, all covariates/controls are also added to calculate model fit) My model: CMIN=40.613, DF=13 ,CMIN/DF=3.124, CFI=0.945, RMSEA=0.063, 90%CI RMSEA [0.042;0.085], SRMR=0.041. Alternative model: CMIN=39.453, DF=13 ,CMIN/DF=3.03, CFI=0.948, RMSEA=0.061, 90%CI RMSEA [0.040;0.084], SRMR=0.041. Do I need to report the results of both? Wouldn't it be a bit confusing given that I justify my model as favorable?
The alternative model does not significantly improve model fit. Unless the alternative model is based on some existing theory, I wouldn't even bring it up. If you need to justify it, you can use the delta cfi method: chatgpt.com/share/88bd9647-9703-4aa9-8e20-81e580272c0e
Hi Dr. Gaskin Thanks for your videos, they are proving to be really helpful. Can you let me know why income is classified as ordinal? Further, could you explain your interpretation of ordinal vs metric data? For Likert scale data, you always opt for ordinal yet I see many other researchers leaving it at metric (even when using SmartPLS 4 which offers the option for metric, binary, and cat) and the model seems to fit and run fine? I'm assuming those opting for metric may assume that their ordinal scale satisfies quasi metric data in that the scale options has equal distance (as a 1-5 or 1-7 likert scale would). SmartPLS seems to allow this yet it must have an impact on results?
In this dataset, income is measured as ranges, rather than as an actual number. Ordinal implies approximately equal interval discrete values spanning a limited spectrum. Likert scales are a good example of this from strongly disagree to strongly agree. Metric implies a continuous value, such as a true (exact) value for income, or age, or golf score. In SmartPLS, the distinction does not change much except in edge cases.
hello professor, may I know how to find beta coefficients in SmartPLS 4?
Beta is the regression weight. So, it's just listed in the direct effects in the report.
Apa yang terjadi saat variabel latent miliki reliabilitas dan validitas yang baik, namun banyak hipotesis yang tidak terdukung? Help me please
Itu hanya berarti bahwa variabel-variabel tersebut tidak saling berkaitan. Hal ini bisa terjadi meskipun dengan data yang baik dan faktor yang valid.
@@Gaskination Thank you verymuch
Hi Dr. Gaskin Thanks for your videos. I have found them very helpful, especially considering that I am about to collect and analyze my data using SMARTPLS4. I will be performing CB-SEM. I wanted to ask why you didn't correlate 'perf' and 'qual' with 'comp' before running the basic CB-SEM algorithm? My question concerning the measurement model is: do we correlate all variables with one another before executing the CB-SEM algorithm. That is, the independent, dependent, and mediator variables, do they all get correlated? When you get a moment, an answer would be appreciated if possible. Thank you!
You cannot correlate endogenous variables (like comp). If you run a CFA instead, then you can. But this model was a structural model.
@@Gaskination Yes, true! Sorry, I was referring to the measurement model and wondering if we correlate all variables in the entire model (independent and dependent), which it appears that we do. Thanks.
When i create interaction term it gives and error "Undefined variable used in transformation":
This error occurs when a variable in the interaction is spelled incorrectly or not listed in the name variables or use variables declarations.
when i create an interaction term it gives an error
The error could be due to many things. I would recommend pasting the error into chatgpt to see if it can resolve it. Usually it is pretty good about mplus errors, especially if you're using the latest model (which is free).
Thank you so much, Prof. Gaskin! This plugin is a godsend. We bless you and your work.
I imported data it was in blue clr but there is not licenser word could be written what can i do 👀
I don't know what you mean by "licenser word". So I'm not sure what problem you are facing. Can you explain?
Thank you James❤❤. After 3 days of improving to get the Factor Loading below 1 but no results. Finally done with your video.
So I assume that we also get the same results for other criteria, such as CR, AVE when we use CB-SEM function on SmartPLS compared to AMOS SEM ? Thanks Sir.
yes. the results will be identical for all metrics.
Thanks for the video Prof. Gaskin. Is there any way to calculate mediation strengh (VAF) with Smart PLS4?
Here you go: czcams.com/video/pS5coOTcP-U/video.htmlsi=v4R3QMgFzRHY10eW
@@Gaskination Thank you ;)
Can you explain me how to run serial mediation with second stage moderator in AMOS?
Just do as normal, but covary the interaction with the error of the mediator it interacts with since you can't covary it with the mediator.
@@Gaskination thank you so much
Hi sir, thank you very much for the video, I would like to ask, do we really need to ensure the number of factors derived exactly same as the theories? in my case, the first run shows 9 components as opposed to 8 components if based on theoretical framework. however, the component 8 and 9 only consist of 2 items. after several deletions, I managed to get 7 factors with one factor combining 2 separate factors. Should I just proceed with the seven factors and rename the combined factor? I am doing on metacognition and based on literatures, the number of factors are varied across studies. Thank you.
If these are all established and validated scales, then I would recommend skipping the EFA and just doing the CFA with the factors you have measured. EFA is really for exploration, rather than confirmation of factor structure and dimensionality of your data.
@@Gaskination thank you for the reply sir. I am thinking of doing efa considering that i have adapted most of the questions to suit the context of my study which involve pre-service teachers. What do you think sir. Really appreciate yr help. Thank you.
@@sitifairuz-mb7jl Changing a few words, but retaining the spirit and intent of the original measures is fine and does not require EFA. Creation of new measures does benefit from EFA.
Sir, In the 21-23 plugins folder few files are in .dll form not in vb form, so unable to add them in Amos 23. please help
Yes, some are .dll files. You'll have to tell your browser to allow these and download them anyway, then unblock them. If your browser refuses, try a different browser. I think Chrome will allow you to bypass the block.
Hi Sir, I am using Amos 23, I couldn't find common latent factor connector option in plugin. Plese help me how to add it.
It's CLF23.dll in the 21-23 folder