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TestPrep Lectures @CZcams offer simple, effective, accessible education for all, focusing on concepts not cut-offs; excellence not competition; learning not commuting.
We invite you to subscribe to our channel and join us in our incessant quest for knowledge. Explore more learning resources like previous year papers, notes, solved question bank at www.examrace.com and www.doorsteptutor.com
Queries call +91-9998008851 or email admin@examrace.com.
"शिक्षक कभी साधारण नहीं होता , प्रलय और निर्माण उसकी गोद में खेलते है" ~ चाणक्य
"The teacher is never ordinary, annihilation and creation thrive in his lap" ~ Chanakya
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Doorsteptutor - www.doorsteptutor.com/
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Control of Gene Expression at Transcription and Translation Level | CSIR Life Sciences
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The topology of a protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) refers to how the protein is oriented or positioned within the ER membrane. Proteins in the ER membrane can have different topologies depending on their function, structure, and the number of transmembrane segments they contain. Here are some common topologies of proteins in the ER:
Type I Single-Pass Transmembrane Protein:
These proteins have a single transmembrane domain (TM) that anchors them in the lipid bilayer.
The N-terminus is located in the cytoplasm, and the C-terminus is in the ER lumen. Signal sequence (N-terminus)
Cleaved Sequence Present
Stop Signal Present
Translocon stopped
Diffuse Laterally and Anchored in Lipid bilayer
Translation continues
Eg : LDL Receptor,Insulin Receptor
Type II Single-Pass Transmembrane Protein:
Similar to Type I, these proteins have a single TM domain.
(N) terminus is exposed on the cytosolic side.
C-terminus on the non-cytosolic side.
Single non-cleavable internal sequence.
The transmembrane sequence exits the translocon to anchor the protein in the lipid bilayer and the remainder of the polypeptide chain is translocated into the ER as translation proceeds.
Eg: Transferrin receptor, Golgi galactosyl transferase
However, the N-terminus is located in the ER lumen, and the C-terminus is in the cytoplasm.
TYPE III Single Pass Transmembrane
Similar to Type I
No cleavable signal sequence
Like Type II single cleavable internal signal sequence
Eg: Cyt P〰450
Multi-Pass Transmembrane Protein:
These proteins have multiple TM domains that traverse the lipid bilayer several times.
Spans the membrane multiple times
Its amino (N) terminus and C-terminus either on same side or different orientation
Even number Alpha helices- both N and C-terminus same side
Eg: CFTR, GLUT 1
Translation proceeds until a second transmembrane sequence is encountered. This causes the polypeptide chain to form a loop within the lumen of the ER; translation continues in the cytosol.
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The topology of a protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) refers to how the protein is oriented or positioned within the ER membrane. Proteins in the ER membrane can have different topologies depending on their function, structure, and the number of transmembrane segments they contain. Here are some common topologies of proteins in the ER:
Type I Single-Pass Transmembrane Protein:
These proteins have a single transmembrane domain (TM) that anchors them in the lipid bilayer.
The N-terminus is located in the cytoplasm, and the C-terminus is in the ER lumen. Signal sequence (N-terminus)
Cleaved Sequence Present
Stop Signal Present
Translocon stopped
Diffuse Laterally and Anchored in Lipid bilayer
Translation continues
Eg : LDL Receptor,Insulin Receptor
Type II Single-Pass Transmembrane Protein:
Similar to Type I, these proteins have a single TM domain.
(N) terminus is exposed on the cytosolic side.
C-terminus on the non-cytosolic side.
Single non-cleavable internal sequence.
The transmembrane sequence exits the translocon to anchor the protein in the lipid bilayer and the remainder of the polypeptide chain is translocated into the ER as translation proceeds.
Eg: Transferrin receptor, Golgi galactosyl transferase
However, the N-terminus is located in the ER lumen, and the C-terminus is in the cytoplasm.
TYPE III Single Pass Transmembrane
Similar to Type I
No cleavable signal sequence
Like Type II single cleavable internal signal sequence
Eg: Cyt P〰450
Multi-Pass Transmembrane Protein:
These proteins have multiple TM domains that traverse the lipid bilayer several times.
Spans the membrane multiple times
Its amino (N) terminus and C-terminus either on same side or different orientation
Even number Alpha helices- both N and C-terminus same side
Eg: CFTR, GLUT 1
Translation proceeds until a second transmembrane sequence is encountered. This causes the polypeptide chain to form a loop within the lumen of the ER; translation continues in the cytosol.
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ma'am my school doesn't offer AP courses, can I still give the exam and get scores? [as ive alr covered the topic in my JEE preparation]
Yes you can definitely apply - check collegeboard official website
😎
Ma'amm this is the best video i had searched a lot on this topic but no one made such a perfect video thank you so much ma'am
Very well explained 😁
For medicine can we opt for Ap Phy 1 and 2 Maam ?
Yes prepare @ www.doorsteptutor.com/Exams/AP/
Ma’am I’m in my 10 th grade ICSE syllabus in India . How can I prepare for AP exams is there any website to get trained and also can I give exams in next May . Please Reply
prepare for AP exam @ www.doorsteptutor.com/Exams/AP/
🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🙏🏼🕉️🕉️
🙏🏼🕉️🔥🕉️🙏🏼
Nice Explaination ❤keep growing dear 😊
Nice explanation
Thnku 💫
Super🎉
You explained it all ☺️❤️ thank you 🙏🥺
Very lucid & simple explanation.Loved it.
Thank you mam
thank you mam...from Nepal
Thnx you awesome lecture
This is for pre-med , after 12th in India
Thank you very much for the advice. Which are the AP exams that I should take for pre-med. Can you please please share?
Are you planning after MBBS to pursue Masters or planning to apply for MCAT? Which country?
This is for pre-med, just after 12th in India
Good class mam 😊
Hello madam Pls why is 2 the answer for Q1 instead of 3
Well explained
Ok
Excellent sir
Mam can i give ap exam in online mode ?
Starting 2025 there are 9 subjects whihc will be only in digital mode - please refer the other class for the same.
Thank....very easily explained....very much helpful
👍👍👏👏🇦🇷🤗😘
Thnx a lot
Thank You Ma'am ❤
Ma'am... I just entered 11 grade as a pcm student and i really want to take ap courses... But I have no idea from where should I study for these exams... Like my school don't offer any course ... And i couldn't even find any tuition... So from where should i study ... How many months should i prepare for these exams?
You can prepare @ www.doorsteptutor.com/Exams/AP/
Ma'am... I just entered 11 th grade...with pcm stream and i want to take ap courses... But i have no idea from where should I study for these exams... Like my school doesn't offer any course related to aps... And nor could I find any tuition or something... So from where should I prepare for these exams
U have really explained the whole story wonderfully...
Sir Hindi language me please
Very good.
Thankyou
Explained clearly mam ♥️ Thankyou ♥️
Glad I've found you here Mam 💕
Thankyou
Very good videos madam, can you make videos of cuet exam
Mam can you please tell me which subject should I pick if I am an arts student please 😢😢😢
very nice explanation❤
Thank you so much ma'am ❤🙏
Good
This is quite helpful thanks but it would have been more helpful if the subtitle notes was in English so I could note down what you speaking in middle.
Part 2 video bhi h kya ?
Can bsc nursing student apply for this subject
Same doubt
Thank you mam for your understanding explanation
Thankyou mam
Sir pls kannada explain
Thankyou so much ma'am. It helped me a lot❤😊❤