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If you are a technical person, you must have the knowledge about What Is Short Column & What is Long Column | Slenderness Ratio | Effective Length | Clear Cover etc.
Short Column vs. Long Column
Short Column:
A short column is one where the height (or length) of the column is relatively small compared to its cross-sectional dimensions.
Typically, a column is considered short if the slenderness ratio (discussed below) is less than 12 to 15.
Short columns usually fail due to crushing, meaning they buckle or deform under the applied load.
Long Column:
A long column is one where the height is significant compared to its cross-sectional dimensions.
It is considered long if the slenderness ratio exceeds 12 to 15.
Long columns are more prone to buckling, which occurs when the column bends or deforms sideways under compressive loads.
Slenderness Ratio
The slenderness ratio of a column is a measure of its tendency to buckle. It is defined as the ratio of the column’s effective length to its radius of gyration.
Formula:
Slenderness Ratio
=
𝐿
𝑒
𝑓
𝑓
𝑟
Slenderness Ratio=
r
L
eff
​
​
𝐿
𝑒
𝑓
𝑓
L
eff
​
is the effective length of the column.
𝑟
r is the radius of gyration of the column's cross-section.
Effective Length
The effective length of a column is the distance between points where the column is effectively restrained against buckling.
It varies depending on the column's end conditions:
Pinned-Pinned (Both Ends Free to Rotate): Effective length is equal to the actual length.
Fixed-Fixed (Both Ends Rigidly Held): Effective length is usually half of the actual length.
Fixed-Free (One End Fixed, One End Free): Effective length is equal to the actual length.
Fixed-Pinned (One End Fixed, One End Pinned): Effective length is generally less than the actual length but more than half of it.
Clear Cover
Clear cover refers to the minimum distance between the surface of a concrete element (like a column or beam) and the reinforcement bars (rebar) embedded within it.
It is important for protecting the steel reinforcement from environmental factors like moisture and to ensure proper bonding between the concrete and the rebar.
The required clear cover varies based on factors like the exposure conditions (e.g., exposure to weather, chemicals) and the type of structure, as specified by building codes.
In summary, understanding these terms helps in designing and analyzing columns to ensure they perform safely and effectively under load.
Hope to help you.
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