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The irony is supreme 👍

Fantastic! Didn't actually UNDERSTAND most of it but then I love listening to people who obviously know things that I don't!!

Surely the inability of the to not encipher a letter as it's self comes from the plug board as when the plug is pushed in it disconnects the circuit to the lamp of the key that is pressed .

I run a fairly successful youtube channel. This is an excellent video....but i bet youd get about 5 times as many views with a $10 lav mic. People click off of videos with terrible audio. Cheers and best of luck!

How can you allow such poor audio quality?

76-bit encryption, that really puts it into context how clever this machine was. Up until the 1990s it was common to only use 40-bit, which was trivial to break. These days we use 128 or 256.

You think you're so smart. Thèn go back in time and do it. Oh, you can't 😮 YUCK-TUBE R boy 😂😂😂😂

Matthew Goode has a lovely speaking voice! He was the right person to read this letter.

Хороший ролик.!!!

The Polish never got enough credit in this area.

PLEASE get a clip on microphone for your presenter, the sound is awful

I'm left wondering why it took so long...

Quit watching when it became impossible to understand anything.

How did the Germans encode the umlauts? Did they bother with the 'eszett' (ligature)?

Echo... echo...echo... Did you guys not hear how horrible his voice sounded when you were editing this video? Need to hang some blankets on the walls behind the camera or something, it sounds like he talking inside an empty tim can...

The holes on the front are how you modify the keyboard to the entry motor. The physical hardware also had to be identical to undo the messages, and it can’t be edited, it had to be identical. If you’re making a permanent version on a mass scale, why not use the easiest pattern to build?

The British were always walking a tightrope when it came to the information they got from the code breaking. If they used it too much it would tip off the Germans. If they used it too little lives would be lost.

Regardless of how you set up the plugboard, it is still only a simple substitution cipher. It has nothing to do with pairs. The main problems for the Enigma is that you solve them in order, first you get the wheel order and wheel settings using a number of Bomb machine equivalents. The rotor combinations do require brute forces, but you only need about 1000 12-wheel machines to do a full parallel brute force search on that part. Each of these machines figure out the ring setting using current for parallell processing (back in the early 2000s when Enigma code breaking details were first release, you could run the program that simulates the Bomb at approximately the same speed as the real machine, so about 10-15 minutes to find a possible ring setting, which was read out and checked). Once you have the ring setting, you have a message in German that is encrypted using a substitution cipher, with several known substitutions because of the cribs. And this is there the pairing comes in, as you get a free substitution with each one you have.

I believe there were special variants that had a printer instead of the light board, and that printer could be place in another room. That way the operator(s) never saw the decrypted message.

Really interesting to get an overview of why the flaws were there. the human errors that they prevented and the complexity avoided. Looking forward to the explanations of how procedures would have been able to obfuscate some of the flaws. But in the end, I believe the Germans knew that the machine could be cracked, they just did not think that someone would spend the equivalent resource of the Manhattan Project or the 1960s Moon program on cracking it. But the Allies did have resources available that the Germans simply did not, and could afford to do two of those during the war.

What if the plug-board was between the rotots and the lamps, od the keyboard and the rotors. Then you could encrypt a letter to it self.

I recommend Simon Singhs book about Enigma, even I understood it, although I read somewhere that you could read everything about Bletchley Park and still not know what really went on.

The worst security flaw is as you said, the human factor. Had a less predictable style of daily broadcast been used like robin Williams good morning Vietnam ( and yes i know the Germans were too uptight for that level of nonsense) it would have been far harder to break enigma.

Bletchley park should be a le to afford a proper microphone.

Did the Germans pad the start and end of their messages with random words like the Americans did? How big a factor is this? Would encrypting messages twice using two Enigmas with different settings have helped, like triple DES?

1. No Wifi 2. No Blu Tooth 3. Can't install Apps 4. No USB support 5. Can't change the desktop theme Otherwise it's pretty good.

My wifes grandfather knew and worked with Tommy on many things . The post office back then was far more than the joke it is now

It is an enigma to me why you did not use a better audio setup.

Biggest one was the operators

INT-int-ER-er-EST-est-ING-ing IN-in-FOR-for-MA-ma-TION-tion.

The entry wheel is the equivalent of password123.

A suggestion "for the next presentation video"? Demonstrate a short example - maybe a sentence such as "Good morning, how are you?" Anything really. Demonstrate how the initial rotor settings would be set, how the code book interacted - and then demonstrate how it would be received, if possible. A short "tutorial", if you will.

"Very few of them left." "When you say, 'very few' - ten, twenty?" "Maybe three-hundred-and-fifty". ??????? I believe the wrong rotor settings were used when defining and translating "very few".

I had no idea Bletchley Park had a channel, and I'm now subscribed. I've heard this and don't know if it's true; there was a German guardpost in North Africa (I've heard it described as being in the canyon south of El Alemain) that the British deliberately left alone. The thinking supposedly was that no attack was possible through that area, so it was of limited military importance. However, every day the German soldiers would dutifully send the encrypted message "[Today's date] Nothing to report, HH" which the British would dutifully intercept and send to Bletchley Park to help with cribbing attacks. I must ask, does anyone know if this is true? As a former security guard, I know all too well the tedium of guarding something that nobody is interested in, and dutifully filling out the same paperwork day after day. It tickles me pink to imagine this paperwork helps undermine the war effort of an entire nation.

I had a way to mitigate the inability to encipher a letter as itself, with only a little extra wiring (by changing how the plugboard works); I wrote it up in detail, and then I realized its fatal flaw: it didn't leave the self-deciphering property intact. Which would theoretically be even better for cipher security... except that it also means you need distinct setups for encoding and decoding, which is a problematic level of complexity when ordinary military officers are going to be operating the thing. So yeah, that's probably why they didn't do it that way. So yeah, I guess we either have to invent modern computers and private/public key-pair cryptography, or base our codes on a natural language for which our side has a total monopoly on native speakers. Or train our people to the point where they don't do stuff like use predictable wording on a predictable schedule.

What happened to the P key?

What was the WPM output I wonder…

Fascinating.Could there also be a psychological reason for not encrypting a letter as itself, as the user might suspect that the equipment had developed a fault?

*If the Third Reich* ----------- had used 'German Humour' instead of German Logic ------------ *No one would have understood* 🙂😉😊

You don't to need to put in a whole new set of rotors to make a letter decipher into itself just an agreement that certain letter will not be enciphered 😂 . Say for instance the letter m on a certain day.....The krauts were just too arrogant 😂😂😂

The Germans also used a complex teletype coding machine which they don't often mention

I thought some Enigma machines had four active rotors. Seems like the Germans could have kept the plug board much like it was but use thin and thick connectors on single wires to allow for more flexibility on the plug board. Color them differently and specify which color should go on which row and it shouldn't be terribly hard to keep straight. As you say, there are procedural things that could have been done to give better results, but you also have to tie that with field conditions for am army on the move and subject to bombardment at any time. Also, seems to me that any sensible operator should go through the trouble of decrypting the first couple of words following encryption to make sure the machine was operating correctly.

I really wish I could buy a replica of an Enigma machine! They're really neat devices!

Any cipher that is meant to be two way, by definition, has certain weaknesses that can be exploited. It is not surprising that Enigma also suffered. The bit about not being able to get out the same letter you put in is about removing a substantial amount of permutations from the possible cipher results. This is much the same thing that a lot of these stupid "minimum password requirements" do today. By eliminating permutations, they actually make a brute force attack easier, if you have access to the enciphered result. Another way of dealing with the notch on the rotor would have been to make it a clip or a post that could be moved to any position prior to the rotor being installed.

It has also been suggested that if the Germans had used more than the 26 letters in the alphabet and then randomly placed them on the wheels it would have made breaking the Enigma much more difficult. But as you said, the Germans are very practical.

Having previously watched the Jared Owen, "How did the Enigma Machine work?" video, which was utilized in part during this video, did help me to understand (better) what was being discussed here. As I am to understand, Mr. J. Owen did receive assistance for his video from the Bletchley Park staff. Great videos on both ends of the Enigma. 😉

If the notch was on the wheel side not the number side then you would know the ring turns every 26 pushes and could back track that to the letter it produced. If I not mistaken this would be an even bigger flaw

slot machine used this

I wish I could remember the breakfast cereal that offered a decoder ring if you sent in 10 boxtops. Maybe they should have changed the number of boxes kids would have to eat to receive their decoder.

Try not to use an echo chamber next time you do a vid.