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Shame about the musical overlay, which makes this very challenging to listen to :/

I was brought here by thinking about Loom of language. It offers some interesting perspectives which are worth thinking about. (I love it being described as 'the book you keep banging on about....'). To begin learning a language you need a way in and enough to keep you going at the lower level. Things I find interesting in Loom of language is the following thoughts: 1. A lot of the metaphors used to describe language learning are aggressive/violent/military. You have to crack this and force that. Hacking. It conjures up taking of an armed and defended citadelle. What if the brain likes language in general and likes and can cope with more than one? In fact a language loving brain is a little bit like an estuary ready to receive the inflow of water. 2. A vital insight from the Loom of language is a downgrade grammar. I won't say it's entirely wasted. At times it's helpful and at times it's interesting, but it's not the main event. The brain will produce its own grammar as you're going on and that can be supplemented by explicit grammar as needed/desired. 3. My summary from the Loom of language is the learning of a small number of key words plus common cognates will take you a very long way. At least enough to make a start.

Pipe dream …..never going to happen 😂

The public need to realise oil will run out and there will be no more petrol or diesel, Know is the time to restore the railways in preparation for the last oil shock.

I'm aussie and my father was a proud cornishman and all his side were cornishman. my grandfather Henry Harris worked at Holman's all his life. I'll never forget going over at the end of 1974 with my family I was about 10 to visit my grand parents an great grandmother for Xmas and having cornish pasties and saffron buns.i remember walking up Carnbrea with my grandfather they lived at the base of it at Redruth. as I get older I think about that xmas. I'll have to go over and have another look I rekon

This third option does look a bit more tricky but still might be possible to create as an alternative railway route. I've had feeling that the line and station in Dawlish could close down one day in the future due to high waves and tides from the sea.

I'm hoping that both the Dartmoor and Teign Valley Lines could reopen one day in the future in between Exeter and Plymouth. The alternatives routes would be away from the sea, so that might be a possibility to electrify the railways in Somerset, Devon and Cornwall for electric trains.

I'm hoping that both the Dartmoor and Teign Valley Lines could reopen one day in the future in between Exeter and Plymouth. The alternatives routes would be away from the sea, so that might be a possibility to electrify the railways in Somerset, Devon and Cornwall for electric trains.

I love the bloopers, and I love this channel. It's just the right amount of information vs. time. Keep it up!

This is interesting. Keep them up! As an English/Italian/Turkish speaker living in a very Spanish-speaking area (East Boston), I have had many similar thoughts! I’m enjoying hearing them articulated and learning more examples than those I’ve spotted casually. One thought about the Latin transition into Iberia (and France) is that it seems to hit most resistance where it meets what we might expect to be more Celtic populations. That “Ll” also looks suspiciously Welsh… You can imagine the impact of Celts and speakers of proto-Celtic having the hardest time learning Latin and probably speaking a more accented Latin than those closer to Rome.

Don’t worry, you both have excellent Spanish and Italian pronunciation (I can’t judge the French). Congratulations on this very nice series. I’m looking forward to more.

The use of the word “llama” for the Andean mammal is certainly a coincidence, a similarly sounding word adopted from a native language. A quick search online indicates it’s Quechua which would make tons sense, but I have not confirmed it from what I would consider reliable sources. I also saw a colorful explanation that deserves as much credence as the infamous “kangaroo” name myth.

Often Spanish also kept a variant closer the original Latin. “Pleno” is also valid in Spanish though used in specific contexts (e.g. “en pleno dia” - “in full daytime”). “Llave” is mostly used for a physical device used to unlock a door, but “clave” is used in other contexts like “palabra clave” (meaning “password”) and when meaning “most important” (e.g. “el hecho clave” - “key fact”). Some splitting between clave and llave might depend on region, especially for recent neologisms, I’m not sure.

You almost had me at "quizas" sounds Arabic 😂 There are many loan Arabic words of course but I guess that's not the subject of this episode! Latin and European languages is. Looking forward to the next episodes.

Thank you for this interesting video. I was brought up in Plymouth 1947 - 1970 and remember Drake's circus in the 1960s. I lived in North Hill and it was a pleasant walk down to the city centre past the City Library and Museum and art Gallery and the Art College and across Drakes circus which had flower beds which were lovely in Spring, Summer and Autumn. The area was lively and arty with all the art students and there were several 'bohemian' and other cafés. A famous one was 'The Tarantula Coffee house'. It was one of the nicer parts of the city compared with the appalling motor city and concrete Royal Parade... which was often a wet wind tunnel. Any way I never saw these various destructions and concreting over of Drake's circus. The 'planner' speaking at the end is typical of the car obsessed 'planners' with no sense of place or feeling for people . These are the planners moved the people out to windswept isolated 'estates' and destroyed what was left of the centre to replace it with a proto soviet / fascist concrete American inspired grid for cars... they talked about enabling the cars to go fast... they didn't like people because they got in the way of the cars. The result was horrendous and this last speaker is in their image. None of those planners had any connection except ££££££££ with Plymouth/Devon......It appears that their hatred of 'nature' has also continued with all those old trees recently cut down secretly at night. Plus ça change!

After closure of the line(s) there SHOULD have been an act of parliament prohibiting the building of any structure on the existing permanent way. Too late now, no more line to Ilfracombe or Barnstaple to Bideford/Torrington and beyond. All that infrastructure lost when, I dare say in the future, much could be put back to good use. Mid-Devon badly needs that extra link, one I rode on in my youth whilst at school at Tavistock. Give the people what they need. Thank you for the interesting video. Brings back memories! Good Luck to All.

Best thing is, they're trying to open it again, i work and process crofty samples since 2010, under WUM and now Cornish metals. Plus giddings has passed and wheal jane is kinda an earth science park

David Penhaligon said it best when addressing a meeting in Camborne. “ You need more in an economy than just tourism, ice cream and deckchairs. Our mining industry is not a figment of the last decade or the last two decades. It has occupied Cornishmen and it has produced wealth for this century, the previous century and probably the last two thousand years; and what we’re asking the government to do is to recognise the great contribution we have made for the wealth of Britain, and in this time of great trial and tribulation to come to our assistance - that’s what we’re asking our government to do.”

This was such a sad time, something the Cornish has done for thousands of years, finished!

No new routes are reopening, however if it’s a road it most definitely will.

What about a 4th option, keeping the current railway and building a massive breakwater further out in the sea to reduce the power of the waves and reduce the impact damage to the sea wall? Obviously the current improvement works in Dawlish will heavily reduce the issues of the sea wall collapsing.

9 years later Tavistock still doesn't have a railway, Okehampton is back on the national network though.

Hi Debbie, thought you might like to view this very interesting video

Perridge tunnel 836yard beast! Spray concrete to re open it

Re open the full line

Yes reopen and bring back the Railway it’s good for tourism and will take a few more vehicles off the roads. Bugger the nimbies

Beeching has a lot to answer for !

Why is it the British cannot just crack on with it these days?

R IP you opening one day they need you you good kernow boys of canbor be and red Ruth you will up and running one day for now r I p to we see you opening l live in canbone the time you all working l went pool c s school l was you day by day

They could build a station close to the houses

This video was made before the Oakhampton station reopened

Reinstatement of that railway would be fantastic! It may be slow, but it would serve many small villages and I suspect it would be very scenic and very busy in the high summer season. Where the A38 has been built on the trackbed just take it on to a new alignment.

About time we had less prattle from the Tories and Bo Jo and had this railway line open and then in addition the line from Barnstaple to Ilfracombe reopened!

The fact that he says will there be a train at 7am in the morning and 9pm at night makes me realise these people are completely detached from reality. Try 5am and 11pm mate.

Go for it. They know it makes sense.

I visited Ilfracombe a couple of weeks ago, I couldn't believe that such a large town accessed only via roads that were little more than country lanes wasn't served by rail. Stuff HS2, use a fraction of the money saved to reinstate railways in the West country that should never have been closed.

Crofty might be opening again one day soon!

The new Drake Circus has destroyed Plymouth. For one it's an absolute architectural monstrosity but it began the city council's foolish quest to turn Plymouth into something it's not. A student city. All these big corporations shutting down the mom and pop stores at the lower end of town. We had businesses that have been here since the 60's such as the ABC/Reel cinema get bullied into closure. We lost Plymouth's only viable music venue with the White Rabbit and what did we get in return? Another cinema and a bunch of chain restaurants. Anyone thinking of starting their own business in Plymouth i'd recommend they set up elsewhere who knows the next time the council will decide they need another leisure centre?

Look to the Scottish Border Railway between Edinburgh and Galashiels for an example of a successful recent rebuilding and reopening of a railway line, now profitable and achieving over double the anticipated traffic and responsible for a huge boost in the economy of a run down rural area. This, despite contrarian politicians, austerity enthusiasts, doomsters and nimbys who tried their hardest to sabotage it. In the end, it was decades of local activism and campaigning that largely got this line built.

This is a non story. The only viable solution is a new double track tunnel between Newton Abbot and Starcross.

Buzzin! As a plymouthian, this blew me away!

It feels sad, but, aged 7, I rode from Plymouth to Portsmouth over that route on my way from RFA Fort Constantine (from Hong-Kong) in May 1955. Being English born and bred, I’m perfectly entitled to detest and despise, disgusting, destructive, corrupt British, self-serving, governments -of all flavours, which have wrecked and done untold damage to my countries green and pleasant land. They stole, then ripped up, railways. Aeroplane and motor vehicle manufacturers. Covered the countryside with concrete and motorways and polluted with poisons and noise…. I would love to see railways relaid, and motorways destroyed. And jet aircraft replaced by DC3s and ships. Failing that, give me a Time Machine…

This should be done

I really can't see many of these planned rail schemes going ahead now. This one could be different as it isn't a typical commuter rail route but benefits from much other traffic too. Society is changing and people's travel is changing too. In a nutshell I can see much of the UK's rail system being in a state of contraction in a few years and certainly not expansion.

So, they wheel out Lord Berkeley (many know the rhyming slang) a "rail expert" his first sentence includes "so i'm told". Some expert ! As much use as tits on a bull, unless you are anti route and you want a tame dancing peer in the House of Lords. The Dawlish route was not part of IK Brunel's plan, just a cheap option as finances were running tight.

A cool auto, anybody know year and make?

So, did they play as a three piece at Portsmouth? What happened?

I think this is the first video I've ever seen without one dislike....

In Los Angeles, a small number of wealthy residents in the Cheviot Hills area resisted the conversion of an existing freight line to light rail for years. They even claimed it would be bad for the environment. Eventually they divided the neighborhood between pro and anti rail factions. Today, the former Santa Monica Air Line of Pacific Electric, and before that, the Los Angeles and Independence R.R. -- one of the first railroads in southern California -- is now the very popular E line (formerly, Expo Line) of L.A. Metro.

Seems 100 years ago-- but will always still be a blast. WHO visits the Louvre and says "boy--- this art is way too old"' ? Thanks for the clips