Durham Energy Institute
Durham Energy Institute
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EVaaS: Electric vehicle as a service for energy trading
EVaaS: Electric vehicle-as-a-service for energy trading in SDN-enabled smart transportation system
Dr Gagangeet Aujila, Department of Computing Sciences
The increased adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) in the daily life of consumers have led towards the emergence of greener smart cities. However, the problem of energy stability, i.e., balancing the demand and supply, remains persistent in the context of charging stations (CSs). To solve this problem, a unique conceptual solution using EVs has been presented in this paper. The proposed solution deals with the problem of managing the miscellaneous power or power deficit at the CSs by utilizing EVs-as-a-service (EVaaS). On one hand, EVaaS provides opportunities to the owner of EVs to earn profit and on the other hand, it helps to balance the demand and supply at the CSs. This concept works in two steps; (1) EV-as-a-buyer: EVs act as energy buyers and CSs act as energy sellers, and (2) EV-as-a-seller: EVs act as energy sellers and CSs act as energy buyers. In EVaaS paradigm, the CSs are placed in residential, commercial, and industrial areas which broadcast their price for buying (or selling) the deficit (or excess) power from (or to) the EVs. The EVs would then decide whether to charge (or discharge) their battery power from (or at) which CSs based on the factors such as-price and distance. If both the parties come to an agreement, then the EVs would travel to the specified location and exchange the energy with CSs. For the smooth movement of EVs in the smart city, a mobility model is also designed. In addition, this approach also utilizes the software defined networking (SDN) paradigm for enabling faster communication between the entities involved. For this purpose, a flow management scheme is designed for efficient data transfer between EVs and CSs. Through this study, it has been shown that such a strategy for energy trading would help the CSs to balance their load requirements as well as provide profit to the EV owners. The results prove that SDN improves the communication in terms of delay, throughput and network utilization over the conventional networks; while EVs can be successfully utilized to manage the load requirements of various CSs to gain a significant amount of profit.
Gagangeet is Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Durham University and Fellow of Durham Energy Institute. Before this, I worked as a post-doctoral research associate at Newcastle University, a research associate at Thapar University (India), a visiting researcher at University of Klagenfurt (Austria) and on various academic positions for more than a decade. For my contributions to the area of scalable and sustainable computing, I was awarded the 2018 IEEE TCSC Outstanding PhD Dissertation Award and also 2022 IEEE TCSC Award for Excellence (Early Career Researcher). I also received 2021 IEEE Systems Journal Best Paper Award. I serve as a lead Organising Chair for workshop series (BlockCPS, SecSDN and BlockSecSDN) held annually in conjunction with different conferences like IEEE Infocom, IEEE Globecom, IEEE ICC, ACM/IEEE UCC and many more. I am serving as an Area Editor for Ad hoc Networks (Elsevier), an Associate Editor for IET Smart Grid, and Associate Editor for Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience (Wiley).
zhlédnutí: 25

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zhlédnutí 27Před měsícem
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zhlédnutí 15Před měsícem
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zhlédnutí 17Před měsícem
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zhlédnutí 7Před měsícem
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zhlédnutí 17Před 2 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 137Před 3 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 53Před 3 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 29Před 4 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 26Před 5 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 26Před 5 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 12Před 6 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 52Před 6 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 37Před 7 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 25Před 7 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 76Před 9 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 22Před 9 měsíci
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zhlédnutí 101Před 10 měsíci
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Network H2 Webinar - 21st April 2023 "Hydrogen Combustion for Aerospace Turbines"
zhlédnutí 178Před rokem
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zhlédnutí 27Před rokem
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zhlédnutí 19Před rokem
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zhlédnutí 10Před rokem
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Network H2 Webinar "Hydrogen Powered Zero-Emission Engines for Future Transport" 17th February 2023
zhlédnutí 199Před rokem
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Komentáře

  • @andyb.5268
    @andyb.5268 Před 5 dny

    Sceptical engineer, how is it lubricated? Looks like a dirty total loss system to me.

  • @velcroman11
    @velcroman11 Před měsícem

    This engine is know as a “Comma knocker”, from a 1950’s Comma delivery van. They are not used to day because they engine shook itself to pieces. That is why we will never see this totally flawed engine in production. It beggars belief how these universities can get research dollars for such ridiculous research.

  • @solapowsj25
    @solapowsj25 Před měsícem

    Useful in EV as well.

  • @Salador1777
    @Salador1777 Před měsícem

    ANOTHER ONE!?

  • @LeswardsOP
    @LeswardsOP Před měsícem

    Exhausts looks like Subaru…..

  • @kaing5074
    @kaing5074 Před 2 měsíci

    I've been intrigued by his work from his 15 year old vids on youtube till the present day. My best wishes to him and the institute

  • @householdemail1305
    @householdemail1305 Před 3 měsíci

    I seen heli coil actuators.

  • @Freelancerrahatul
    @Freelancerrahatul Před 3 měsíci

    Video Quality is good but the video is not optimized. you can improve your video right audience as soon as possible. If you have any questions you can ask me, Thanks 😎😎

  • @DaneDuPlessis
    @DaneDuPlessis Před 4 měsíci

    This thing will shake like nothing.

  • @Pippy626
    @Pippy626 Před 4 měsíci

    What’s the hydrogen volume to electricity kWh produced? With adding intercooler with thermoelectric you could generate more power from exhaust while cooling intake air producing even more power. Instead of waste heat.

  • @Lewis_Standing
    @Lewis_Standing Před 4 měsíci

    Really enjoyed your talk, thanks for posting.

  • @FrankensteinDIYkayak
    @FrankensteinDIYkayak Před 5 měsíci

    could we just buy the generator and not the whole engine?

  • @channel_incubator
    @channel_incubator Před 5 měsíci

    Hi there, I am Faruk, an SEO expert. I researched your CZcams channel for a few days. Your videos are awesome, but I can see that your videos are not ranking on CZcams's top, struggling to gain subscribers, views and engagements. Upon review, I noticed that your channel and videos lack optimization, particularly in terms of SEO. Its current SEO score is 0 out of 100! which is lower than standard, hampering its exposure to a broader audience. Can we have a short meeting about issues with solutions?

  • @maikaviprostata7653
    @maikaviprostata7653 Před 5 měsíci

    Сигурен съм че си намерил ХАК :) - Как да правиш пари от гугъл... :) Това не е лошо, лошото е че има дебили дето гледат подобни глупости. Какво ми/ни показа току що? - генератор за ток който ползва ГОРИВО?!?!?! То и динамото прави това бе палячо! Ти си ясен, обаче дебилите от долу дето се кефят.... нещо не са ми ясни. Колко трябва да си не грамотен да се радваш на топла вода?!

  • @brianb-p6586
    @brianb-p6586 Před 5 měsíci

    The two-unit (four cylinder) configuration at 3:14 still has an enormous twisting couple, so it is still not balanced. Place another two units on top of them, in a square arrangement with diagonally opposite units in phase, and you finally have a balanced engine... but that's eight working cylinders!

  • @AnthonyCelata
    @AnthonyCelata Před 7 měsíci

    This is great but you need a second one to offset the shaking. Hurry up and make a vehicle powered by this engine, it doesn't mean Sh*t until people can see it on the road and in person publicly! Get on it!

  • @djsmileyoflasvegas
    @djsmileyoflasvegas Před 7 měsíci

    What about two strong magnets at each end with a magnetic shield that rotates at the ends during each push.just thinking out loud

  • @MdMojiburRahman-gf1zr
    @MdMojiburRahman-gf1zr Před 7 měsíci

    Awesome

  • @drmosfet
    @drmosfet Před 7 měsíci

    I don't think this engine is autoworker Union compatible. If Musk was going to make a hybrid vehicle, this device would definitely fit in his design philosophy.

  • @ultramarinus2478
    @ultramarinus2478 Před 8 měsíci

    Great. Get the funds, troubleshoot the design, and start the production&selling. That has to be among the people ASAP. Optimaly for electric cars instead of batery, a tank of hydrogen, or methanol.

  • @damham5689
    @damham5689 Před 8 měsíci

    Like a shaker weight.

  • @KOl-xj4jt
    @KOl-xj4jt Před 8 měsíci

    yo battery is here found

  • @maxamps45
    @maxamps45 Před 9 měsíci

    looks like one misfire from multi cylinder one would shake itself to bits.

  • @omblauman
    @omblauman Před 10 měsíci

    why not two in phase pistons to eliminate vibrations? the phasing provided by the two electrical generators.

    • @brianb-p6586
      @brianb-p6586 Před 5 měsíci

      That's a commonly proposed design.

    • @omblauman
      @omblauman Před 5 měsíci

      ​@@brianb-p6586 do you know where generic requirements for these generators are discussed? for example reactive vs active energy which would suggest a mechanical vs electromagnetic interaction of the two pistons? An a priori discussion of the principles rather than actual design

  • @straighttalk2069
    @straighttalk2069 Před rokem

    Talk about moving backwards. This will never compete with today's battery powered regenerating vehicles.

  • @en2oh
    @en2oh Před rokem

    I rather like the idea of a common combustion chamber with pistons moving symmetrically. I expect this design has quite a bit of vibration to deal with.

    • @Salador1777
      @Salador1777 Před měsícem

      That's it's main draw back but with the right kind of mounting like some elastic mounting idk I'm no engineer but that's what I heard is the main problem is the vibration. But it doesn't need any linkage to a generator. It is the generator

  • @worldme8034
    @worldme8034 Před rokem

    how about vibrition

  • @jamespalmer4945
    @jamespalmer4945 Před rokem

    Who else is here because if Hyliion’s Karno generator?

    • @brianb-p6586
      @brianb-p6586 Před 5 měsíci

      That (Karno) is the most recent highly promoted linear engine, although it is very different from this internal combustion engine.

  • @fredormond3219
    @fredormond3219 Před rokem

    Isn't this the Israeli Company Aquarius Engine Co Design? They claim to have numerous patents on this technology... Just sayin' 🤨

  • @Shadobanned4life
    @Shadobanned4life Před rokem

    This makes electric vehicles practical. Bravo!

    • @joekavanagh5708
      @joekavanagh5708 Před 8 měsíci

      An electric vehicle powered fossil fuel generated electricity.

    • @brianb-p6586
      @brianb-p6586 Před 5 měsíci

      No, it makes them hybrid vehicles.

  • @robsdeviceunknown
    @robsdeviceunknown Před rokem

    Well, it's been 2 years. Where is it now? I have seen dozens of the "latest and greatest best tech in the world" inventions never see fruition. Seems like gimicks to increase stock value. This video was the last we seen of those tech sadly.

    • @caryclemenson5558
      @caryclemenson5558 Před měsícem

      It’ll be here right after the blue sky and unicorns start producing cheap, clean, zero emission fairy dust as an alternative to what the world was built on, Fossil Fuels!

  • @ericlotze7724
    @ericlotze7724 Před rokem

    Was Dimethyl Ether considered in this study? (Granted it probably has the same issues they mentioned in ~ 6:36in regards to methanol etc)

  • @ericlotze7724
    @ericlotze7724 Před rokem

    Was Dimethyl Ether considered in this study?

  • @stuartrosner6151
    @stuartrosner6151 Před rokem

    Can this be converted to a refrigeration system.. DC or AC?

  • @hamzaterzi8801
    @hamzaterzi8801 Před rokem

    Hopefully we'll see a variation of this engine soon. I think it's very likely to work at high efficiency. To achieve high compression ratios, the linear electric motor will draw a lot of current at first. For this reason, it needs to be supported by lithium-ion batteries.

    • @stevetk8174
      @stevetk8174 Před rokem

      Hyliion / Karno generator

    • @hamzaterzi8801
      @hamzaterzi8801 Před rokem

      @@stevetk8174 Inventions like this need to be made. I guess it's not a very well known company right now. Thanks.

  • @GbMuthu
    @GbMuthu Před rokem

    This concept, though interesting on paper, has been doing its rounds for more than 6 years without maturing to production. czcams.com/video/u4b0_6byuFU/video.html I don't know if the developers are pattern peddling or if there are limitations in the technology. Afterall, why are traditional generators still designed around the flywheel?

    • @Fritz_Schlunder
      @Fritz_Schlunder Před 8 měsíci

      The problem is not the technology. The technology is good. If adopted, free piston linear generators like shown in this video really would increase fuel efficiency, especially in portable electric generators, by a meaningful and net beneficial amount. The problem is not technological. The problem is a lack of motivation and interest by the corporations that manufacture internal combustion engine products, most importantly, the established automakers and the portable generator manufacturers. The output of free piston linear generator engine designs is electricity, rather than mechanical motion. If you start from a non-hybrid gasoline engine automobile, swapping out the gas engine with a free piston linear generator engine like shown in this video, means that you would also need to add a large electric motor, a large amount of power electronics, and a small battery or capacitor bank, in order to achieve mechanical propulsion at the wheels. Adding the electric motor, power electronics, and the battery bank makes the vehicle's initial purchase price substantially more expensive, compared to the basic unmodified conventional gasoline engine design. Additionally, developing such a powertrain requires substantial additional research and development expenses, which legacy automakers do not like doing. The primary benefit to implementing a free piston linear generator, is to increase fuel efficiency, but automakers do not pay their customer's annual fuel bills. Consequently, the automaker is not incentivized to make more fuel efficient designs, unless they are being forced to do so by market forces and/or government regulations. If a pioneering automaker decided to build a more fuel efficient car, and it sold really well, this would create market forces indicating that people like more fuel efficient vehicles, and are willing to pay more for them. However, most people in US society currently do not appear to care very much about fuel efficiency, and it does not appear to be their primary deciding factor, when picking a model of vehicle to purchase. Consequently, there are little in the way of market forces that encourage investing research and development money in making more fuel efficient vehicles, especially when the changes are quite substantially different (and relatively expensive), like in the case of designing and deploying a free piston linear generator engine with associated electric powertrain. The free piston linear generator concept is however solid, and it really does enable engine designs that can produce meaningfully higher fuel efficiency. The thermodynamic efficiency of an internal combustion engine is strongly related to the expansion ratio during the combustion stroke. Conventional crankshaft based internal combustion engines are restricted by the crankshaft, both in the expansion ratio that is readily implemented, and in applying down force on the crankshaft at the wrong time during the combustion cycle. To achieve highest thermodynamic efficiency, one would want to burn all of the fuel instantaneously at "top dead center", and then allow the hot combustion gases to expand a very large amount, until the gas pressure inside the cylinder is no longer higher than the surrounding atmospheric pressure. This is however not realizable with conventional internal combustion engine designs with a crankshaft, as burning all the fuel at top dead center would create an excessively strong downforce on the crankshaft that would squish the oil out between the bearing surfaces and produce engine knock (with associated bearing damage), rather than a smooth conversion of combustion chamber pressure into mechanical rotational energy. To avoid this problem, conventional internal combustion engines are instead designed to burn the fuel somewhat later and slower, at lower peak temperatures, which lowers the theoretical "Carnot" efficiency of the engine (which favors high peak combustion temperatures and substantially low exhaust temperatures, associated with high expansion ratios following combustion). Free piston linear generators are different, in that they do not have a crankshaft and bearings to worry about. One can make designs with much higher expansion ratios and much high peak combustion chamber temperatures. This directly improves the "Carnot" efficiency of the engine. However, the output of the free piston linear generator is electricity, which is a disadvantage if interested in simply replacing a gasoline automobile engine with a drop in engine of higher efficiency. However, the electricity output is actually quite advantageous, if you are trying to augment an electric vehicle, with a range extending engine, or, if you are making a portable or stationary electric generator. Currently available portable generators are notoriously inefficient, and are far below the potential efficiency achievable and what is commonly implemented by commercial electric utilities operating thermal power plants. However, free piston linear generators have the potential of being highly scalable, whereby they can offer an individual at their own residence, with a generator with similar thermodynamic efficiency as what commercial electric utility operators can achieve. If you wanted to live "off grid", where your residence is primarily powered by solar panels, but is backed up with a fuel based combustion generator for use on foul weather days, then a free piston linear generator has the potential to be an excellent choice. Unfortunately, no portable generator manufacturers currently care, in part because there are no standards for even comparing portable generator fuel efficiency between models. Consequently, consumers are almost totally in the dark as to the efficiency of the available generator models, which makes it impossible to preferentially select a model with high fuel efficiency. To fix this, consumers must have access to uniform generator efficiency data, like as what is supplied for automobiles, in the form of "Monroney fuel efficiency labels" for vehicles sold in the US.

    • @GbMuthu
      @GbMuthu Před 8 měsíci

      @@Fritz_Schlunder thanks for sharing your vast knowledge. Free piston linear generators are probably 2 stroke. Ceramic coated piston rings would be required to keep oil premix at a bare minimum and help with emissions. Fixed RPM will minimise the short circuit release of un-burnt fuel air mix. It's construction without a flywheel, crankshaft or valve-train means it is inexpensive. Then why on earth are generator manufacturers staying away? I understand using free piston linear generators in a car involves considerable electrical components but should be viable for generators? I'm from India. We have a generator manufacturer called Kirloskar. Wonderful organisation. They actually partner with Toyota here ( only for automobiles) . But even they don't have a free piston linear generator. Only flywheel based ones. There have been diesel free piston linear generators in the past. I think Rolls Royce made them once. Even series hybrid cars like the Nissan note don't use free piston linear generator. They employ the conventional ICE. I don't know if it avoids a flywheel though.

    • @xodarap
      @xodarap Před 6 měsíci

      ​@@Fritz_SchlunderThank you Fritz for that very comprehensive explanation of the principles and problems/challenges involved with this motor design; LOL, I think I understood most of it...... It seems to me that this motor, being a direct generator of electric power, should be well placed to power small, private, ICE-electric, commuter or emergency VTOL aircraft.

    • @brianb-p6586
      @brianb-p6586 Před 5 měsíci

      Six years is nothing for an engine design. This design is actually much older than that, and many people and companies have tried it.

  • @agaluszka
    @agaluszka Před rokem

    Only one drawback - not applicable in practice due to vibration

    • @alexwalker8422
      @alexwalker8422 Před 7 měsíci

      If you add another one operating in opposition to the other one however...

  • @jimhenry6844
    @jimhenry6844 Před rokem

    I need generators for application in oil and gas drilling sites. We need power for converting brine water into potable water in large scale water treatment systems. Send a contact email. I like this system. Let's get one working!

  • @EfficientEnergyTransformations

    Interestingly that resembles a lot the dynamic of Tesla's reciprocating electric generator: czcams.com/video/0W-EUVhqv98/video.html

  • @lamamriaissa1165
    @lamamriaissa1165 Před rokem

    There is no important event that draws attention. your work is a kind of renewal to escape the bitterness of routine or to evade fools and ignorant people.

  • @CreativeIdeasMaker
    @CreativeIdeasMaker Před 2 lety

    I'll be happy for you to provide us with more videos like this. This technology is great and interesting and I enjoy it.

  • @MTSVW
    @MTSVW Před 2 lety

    For layout, 2 cylinders could be positioned tandem end-to-end, and be placed in the central tunnel of a vehicle.

    • @sergeykuznetsov3692
      @sergeykuznetsov3692 Před rokem

      That's a good point, but those 2 cylinders should not be made as a single part. The automobile bends and twists, so that may break part that long.

  • @Lewis_Standing
    @Lewis_Standing Před 2 lety

    What I would say, and that I know Richard Hanna and many of your audience will know anyway is that a great a deal of the installation of heat pumps is emitter sizing to allow for low temperature heating. If we had properly regulated the rollout of condensing boilers and not this travesty of public money replacing non condensing boilers with equally inefficient non condensing mode condensing boilers, but we would not be talking about this aspect. So frustrating.

  • @MadScientist512
    @MadScientist512 Před 2 lety

    One thing rarely mentioned is that it can also emulate different engine designs and create far more power/weight than equivalent engines because they can run at far higher MPM (Motion Per Minute equivalent to RPM I had to make up because that's another term they leave out) because that single moving part can survive far higher G forces than normal engines limited by crankshafts etc, nevermind the huge space/weight/complexity savings of leaving all that out. Cynicism makes me think that this awesome old idea going back to the 50s, hell, I came up with it myself 20 years ago, like the gas turbine generator, is only now even being prototyped because it would have majorly impacted sales of conventional engines and non-hybrid cars while massively boosting hybrids, and led to lower fuel consumption; that last one actually being confirmed by recent reporting on the Koch money spent on right-wing anti-lockdown propaganda used to prevent them to drive oil prices back up after said effective measures caused a major price drop in oil, at the expense of us all.

    • @brianb-p6586
      @brianb-p6586 Před 5 měsíci

      You don't need to invent a new term. You're discussing the operating frequency, in cycles per unit time like any other frequency. This can be per minute or per second or any other time unit, but per second makes the most sense -that's "hertz", the base frequency unit of the SI system. For an example, the Karno linear engine designed by GE and now being developed and promoted by Hyliion runs at 20 hertz (20 Hz, 20 cycles per second).

  • @mariusboy1987
    @mariusboy1987 Před 2 lety

    Hallo, ich sehe da große potenzial in Wohnmobile die mann im Altag als Elektro Altagsauto mit 60km reichweite nutzen könnte und die 2 mal in Jahr Urlaub (Spanien/Italien) mit dem Rangeextender fahren könnte um dort wieder elektrisch zu fahren. Auch 4x4 Expeditonfahrzeuge für die Weltreise sehe ich grosses potential mit stärken Allrad Nabenmotoren und einem kleinem Rangeextender, allerdings finde ich Diesel oder Biodiesel als bessere Treibstoff. So eine VW LT 4x4 aus Jahren 1975-1995 als Elektroauto mit Rangeextender würde perfekte Weltreisefahrzeug. Ich sehe nicht als ökonomisch 400kWh Akku mit 2000kg in Fahrzeugen einzubauen um 1000km zu fahren. Mit wie viel Lieter Kraftstoff lasst sich mit euer Technik 1kWh strom produzieren?

  • @asasov7090
    @asasov7090 Před 2 lety

    to use fucking petrol again... it is fekal bin and slaveship for Bankung System.. DISLIKE

  • @makerbeelab5546
    @makerbeelab5546 Před 2 lety

    Excellent job! I've designed one of these types of generators when was doing my degree in Russia in 2003 being inspired by the automatic diesel pole hammer that uses gravity to compress the fuel on the down stroke, didn't have money to produce it though unfortunately. You are absolutely right about all of the advantages and with the camless valves from koenigsegg it will be a piece of cake to make it work!

  • @forbetterunderstandingofsc5228

    This model is very inefficient because it loose energy in the form of friction and unheaven heat

  • @smelias01339
    @smelias01339 Před 2 lety

    Dear Madam, I couldn't find any ROI. If you could highlight the return on investment, people will think to invest in this emerging sector to save our planet for our future generations as a livable place.

  • @davidl.howser9707
    @davidl.howser9707 Před 2 lety

    I just can't wait for below freezing winter driving with multiple hydrogen vehicles having driven before me spewing water exhaust droplets coating the roads with black ice for us to drive over and wreck our vehicles on ! Now that is safe ! This concept is just another, not so well thought out,"GREEN", idea that when applied into the real world to keep us safe from climate change does not keep us safe from injury or death when in vehicular accidents. A society operating many Hydrogen Vehicles that are spitting water on below freezing road or parking lot surfaces is not the answer ! So, where to put water. Maybe an onboard tank to freeze solid and burst when parked? At a stop sign or light idling then accelerating adding heavy icing right there to the road surface just where one wants to actually stop? A parking lot to slip and injure another walking by the back of your parked vehicle or after you drove off leaving water to freeze there? A roadside gutter so a pedestrian can slip stepping off a curb, maybe falling down flat in front of stopped traffic and out of view of drivers ? Your driveway so you can fall there ? Your Garage to slide across while holding your infant child then both hitting the hard floor? Maybe, you need more tasks or to be distracted by mopping up the garage floor before the water freezes and your groceries just purchased thaw? Maybe a high speed highway perhaps in a turn? Maybe the unlimited speed limit Autobahn with high water production by those higher electric energy demands moving the hydrogen vehicle through the air while simultaneously dumping large amounts of water mist contrails at high speed onto the road surface? Your Hydrogen Vehicle needs to relieve itself in public, The question is where to do it safely? Now considering these real world usage / interaction scenarios listed, are Hydrogen Vehicles a good idea? As a vehicle operator you can rate the chance of consistent, caring, and professional operator actions observed when you're out exercising your privilege to be with others in the public driving arena. Are you certain that rushed Hydrogen vehicle drivers find and maneuver over a public storm drain water dump station to let their hydrogen vehicle relieve itself in public places when freezing weather is happening? You rate and you decide if we or will not slip into a Hydrogen transportation based society. As for me...you guessed it, I see much more "could care less" vehicle drivers and very few careful vehicle drivers. Hydrogen supporters….should we give these "could care less" about you drivers a water soaker sprayer for society at large to walk or drive over when a dash indicator flashes an alert "water tank full" during your trip? As a example of related but current human behavior, How many times do you see trash / rubbish go swirling out of a moving pickup truck bed in the States, or dumped out a moving vehicle window instead of being caringly placed in a proper waste receptacle when arriving at one's destination, as an example of drivers' proper public disposal habits? Maybe add antifreeze to the water dump so it can mist on following vehicles windshields / windscreens then be smeared with wipers on so the trailing driver has no clear view of the road. Now that is safe ! Then more windshield solvent is added to the ground by constantly keeping a clear view. Now wipers turned on and off, as if that is not distracting to manage while driving in heavy traffic. Maybe many Hydrogen Fueled Vehicles can dump water, and antifreeze, smearing trailing vehicle's glass view 360 degrees, that is now spread everywhere in the environment. Now that is green, think ! Maybe the Hydrogen Vehicle owner after the cost of a fill up of Hydrogen decides to not pay for the extra cost of perpetually filling an auxiliary antifreeze reservoir that costs more than gas or petrol per gallon. So where is the transportation fuel savings when buying both Hydrogen and Antifreeze for the fuel cell's water as a by product tank? Maybe salt all the roads all the time when temperatures are below freezing, even on sunny winter days ! Now raising the P.H. in streams from water mixed with salt runoff 24/7/ all winter does not sound very Environmentally conscious or Green Think savvy. Maybe add traction grit like coal furnace electric generation plant cinders or mined beach sand from environmentally sensitive areas to the below freezing road's surfaces 24/7 all winter to combate black ice on road surfaces, filling the streams with sediment to clog fish gills when stirred into the water column later by heavy rains to follow in warm weather. Maybe the antifreeze adder system breaks or is disabled. Now the trailing driver is back to sliding on black ice in below freezing cold temperatures when Hydrogen is used in Vehicles as a transportation fuel spewing ONLY clean water onto the roads as the only by-product of its use.